Zvyšující se prevalence obezity a komorbidity s ní spojené vedou k nutnosti intenzivní prevence a léčby tohoto závažného onemocnění již lékaři prvního kontaktu. Základem léčby obezity jsou úpravy životního stylu, založené na pohybové aktivitě a dietních opatřeních. Tato opatření budou účinná pouze při plné spolupráci motivovaného pacienta. Text podává přehled o současných možnostech dietních opatření a možnostech pohybové aktivity u obézních pacientů v ordinaci praktických lékařů. Zvláštní pozornost věnuje možnostem spolupráce praktických lékařů s nutričními terapeuty.
The increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities have led to the need for intensive prevention and treatment of this serious disease by primary care physicians. The treatment of obesity is focused on lifestyle modifications based on physical activity and dietary measures. These interventions will be only effective with the full cooperation of a motivated patient. The text gives an overview of the current options for dietary measures and physical activity in obese patients in general practitioners' offices. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of cooperation between general practitioners and nutritional therapists.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční podpora MeSH
- obezita * dietoterapie terapie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The aim of the study is to investigate whether the mental stress resulting from the assignment of military professionals affects the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a significant risk factor for cardio-vascular diseases.The study retrospectively analyses the data obtained during extended annual preventive examinations of professional soldiers in 2012-2016. The dataset was divided into two cohorts. The first "performance" cohort included soldiers from combat units and paratroopers (aiborne). The second cohort consisted of "others", i.e. soldiers from non-combat units or airborne. The psychological burden was determined by the soldiers' assignment to a combat or airborne units.In the years 2012-2016, almost all compared parameters were better in the "performance" group. Exceptions were a higher prevalence of overweight (according to body mass index) and sporadically higher glycaemia and alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) levels. When comparing years 2012 and 2016 of the "performace" group, statistically significant better values prevailed in relation to the MetS in 2016. The exceptions were ALT and uric acid levels.The outcome of this study suggests a better status of MetS risk factors and MetS-related factors in the "performance" cohort, and psychological stress did not augment MetS manifestations in these professionals. This study has confirmed the necessity of waist circumference measurement to eliminate overestimation of obesity in individuals with developed musculature. To confirm the hepatic origin of ALT, the medical history should include an inquiry about exercise habits. Subsequently, the effect of chronic stress may also be considered for higher liver enzymes. Screening for hypercholesterolaemia and hyperuricaemia has important clinical relevance for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in younger population, particularly in those aged
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * MeSH
- ozbrojené síly MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nasazení ozbrojených sil MeSH
- ozbrojené síly * MeSH
- strava, jídlo, výživa * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Autor popisuje možnosti primární prevence formou organizovaného Dne zdraví v posádce Vyškov. Zdůrazňuje význam preventivních intervenčních programů a důležitost pravidelné pohybové aktivity v AČR. Popisuje výhody diagnostiky došlapu pomocí přístroje Diers pedoscan.
The author describes the possibilities of primary prevention in the form of an organized Health Day in Vyškov garrison. The author emphasizes the importance of preventive intervention programs and the significance of regular physical activity in the ACR. He describes the advantages of the Diers pedoscan pedometer.
- MeSH
- antituberkulotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- diagnostické techniky dýchacího ústrojí MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * etiologie MeSH
- očkovací schéma MeSH
- služby zdravotní péče o pracující metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- tuberkulóza * etiologie farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vakcíny proti tuberkulóze dějiny škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- zdravotnický personál MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Dostatečně dlouhý a kvalitní spánek je zásadní pro udržení dlouhého zdraví, schopnost učit se novým věcem a předcházení civilizačních onemocnění. Nadměrná stresová zátěž a mnoho pracovních a studijních povinností může vést k snížení množství potřebného spánku. V rámci našeho šetření jsme se rozhodli zmapovat délku spánku u studentů Univerzity obrany a zhodnotit jejich spánkové zvyklosti vzhledem k tomu, že mimo své studijní povinnosti jsou také zatížení vojenskými povinnostmi, a tato zátěž se může projevovat nevhodnými spánkovými zvyklostmi. Pro náš výzkum byly stanoveny tři otázky:1) Zjistit, jak dlouho studenti Univerzity obrany spí v pracovních a nepracovních dnech a zda se tato průměrná délka mezi sebou liší.2) Zda existují rozdíly mezi průměrnou délkou spánku mezi ženami a muži na Univerzitě obrany.3) Zda studenti spí tak dlouho, jak uvádějí, že potřebují. Data byla následně zhodnocena.
Sufficiently long and quality sleep is essential for maintaining long-term health, the ability to learn new things and prevent of civilization diseases. Excessive stress and many work and study responsibilities can lead to the reduction of sleep needed. Within our investigation, we decided to chart the length of sleep at the students of the University of Defense and asses their sleep habits considering, besides their study duties, also the loading by military duties and this load may lead to inappropriate sleep habits. Three questions were asked for our research:1) To Find out how long the University of Defense students sleep on working and non-working days and whether this average length differs.2) If there are differences between the average women ́s and men ́s length of sleep at the University of Defense.3) Whether the students sleep as long as they say they need to. The following data were subsequently evaluated.
- MeSH
- délka spánku * MeSH
- jet lag syndrom MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- spánek MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The article deals with occupational health protection and identification of health risks in the work environment of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the Czech Republic (CR). It focuses on the assessment of the incidence of occupational diseases (OD) in high-risk and risk-free occupational categories in the years 2010-2019 and compares them with data from the civilian sector. It identifies the differences between military staff and civilian employees of the MoD. METHODS: From the records of OD at the Department of Occupational Diseases of the Central Military Hospital in Prague, the data on acknowledged OD from the years 2010 to 2019 were obtained and then a retrospective analysis focusing on the classification of work at risk was performed. The obtained data were compared with the data from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases (NROD), which are published annually by the National Institute of Public Health. RESULTS: In the years under review, 191 OD were confirmed at the area of MoD, 26% of all OD occurred in employees classified in the occupational risk category. Compared with the data in the NROD, where 50% of OD were found to have been caused by high-risk work, the incidence of OD caused by high-risk work in professional soldiers is lower. Only 1.6% of all OD occurred in professional soldiers whose work was classified as high-risk one. In civilian employees of MoD 24.6% of all OD were connected with high-risk work. On the contrary, the proportion of OD occurring in professional soldiers working in risk-free categories was 57.6%, in civilian employees of MoD was the ratio much lower - 16.2%. CONCLUSION: Work at the Ministry of Defence was not adequately categorized, therefore, in 2020 a new categorization of work was introduced, which together with preventive measures could contribute to reducing the incidence of OD at the Ministry of Defence.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie MeSH
- ozbrojené síly * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- zaměstnání MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in University of Defence members. BACKGROUND: Vaccination is the most important method of prevention against COVID-19 and achieving sufficient vaccination rate is thus essential to maintain the military capability. METHODOLOGY: An online questionnaire was distributed electronically to 2,408 respondents in autumn 2021. The survey was designed to collect demographic predictors of vaccination, data on motivation and reasons for refusing vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 626 completed questionnaires were analyzed, of which 557 (89 %) were vaccinated and 69 (11 %) were unvaccinated respondents. The most significant predictors of vaccine acceptance were: concern about COVID-19 (OR 2.44, p < 0.001), history of COVID-19 (OR 0.39, p = 0.001). The most frequently cited motives for vaccination were health protection (74.7 %) and an easier social life (69.1 %), while concerns about vaccine safety and vaccine adverse effects (79.1 %) followed by lack of confidence in vaccine efficacy (68.7 %) were the main reasons for vaccine refusal. CONCLUSION: To increase the vaccination rate it is necessary to target the younger population and increase awareness of vaccine safety and efficacy. If these measures are not sufficient to encourage voluntary vaccine acceptance, consideration should be given to making vaccination mandatory for selected professional groups (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 25).
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mínění MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- nemoci z povolání prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- odmítnutí očkování psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- úzkost epidemiologie MeSH
- vakcinace * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdraví vojáků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in University of Defence members. BACKGROUND: Vaccination is the most important method of prevention against COVID-19 and achieving sufficient vaccination rate is thus essential to maintain the military capability. METHODOLOGY: An online questionnaire was distributed electronically to 2,408 respondents in autumn 2021. The survey was designed to collect demographic predictors of vaccination, data on motivation and reasons for refusing vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 626 completed questionnaires were analyzed, of which 557 (89 %) were vaccinated and 69 (11 %) were unvaccinated respondents. The most significant predictors of vaccine acceptance were: concern about COVID-19 (OR 2.44, p < 0.001), history of COVID-19 (OR 0.39, p = 0.001). The most frequently cited motives for vaccination were health protection (74.7 %) and an easier social life (69.1 %), while concerns about vaccine safety and vaccine adverse effects (79.1 %) followed by lack of confidence in vaccine efficacy (68.7 %) were the main reasons for vaccine refusal. CONCLUSION: To increase the vaccination rate it is necessary to target the younger population and increase awareness of vaccine safety and efficacy. If these measures are not sufficient to encourage voluntary vaccine acceptance, consideration should be given to making vaccination mandatory for selected professional groups (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 25).
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- odkládání očkování * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
