Ciel: Hlavným cieľom našej práce bolo analyzovať vývoj dynamiky kliešťovej encefalitídy (KE) v súvislosti s klimatickými podmienkami na Slovensku v rokoch 2012–2016. Materiál a metódy: Analýzu sme realizovali na základe údajov poskytnutých Epidemiologickým informačným systémom a Slovenským hydrometeorologickým ústavom. Sledovaný súbor tvorilo 639 pacientov s potvrdenou diagnózou. Výsledky: Najvyšší výskyt KE bol zaznamenaný v roku 2016. Najvyššia štandardizovaná chorobnosť KE bola v okresoch Trenčianskeho, Žilinského a Banskobystrického kraja. Vzťah KE k teplote vzduchu ukázal, že najviac prípadov KE bolo zaznamenaných pri teplote vzduchu 10–20 °C v mesiacoch máj až október v rokoch 2012–2016. Vzťah medzi teplotou vzduchu a počtom dní so snehovou pokrývkou a počtom prípadov KE sa preukázal ako štatisticky významný (p-hodnota < 0,001). Existuje štatistický významný rozdiel v priemernom počte prípadov ochorenia podľa kategórie teploty vzduchu (p-hodnota = 0,03). Toto ochorenie sa vyskytuje najmä v okresoch s nadmorskou výškou 200–400 m n. m. Dynamika KE na Slovensku je dvojvrcholová s poklesom v auguste. Hlavná sezóna ochorenia trvá od mája do októbra, pričom vrcholí počas letných mesiacov jún a júl. Záver: Výsledky štúdie poukazujú na prognózu vývoja ochorenia v súvislosti s teplotou vzduchu. Na základe zistení, že v posledných rokoch pozorujeme na Slovensku mierne stúpajúci trend KE v dôsledku klimatických zmien, je toto ochorenie považované za pretrvávajúci problém verejného zdravia.
Objectives: The main aim of our work was to analyse the development of the dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in connection with climatic conditions in Slovakia in 2012–2016. Material and Methods: We performed the analysis based on the data provided by the Epidemiological Information System and the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. The study group consisted of 639 patients with confirmed diagnosis. Results: The highest incidence of TBE was recorded in 2016. The highest standardized incidence rate of TBE was in the districts of the Trenčín, Žilina and Banská Bystrica regions. The relation of TBE to air temperature showed that most cases of TBE were recorded at an air temperature of 10–20 °C during the months of May to October in 2012–2016. The relationship between air temperature and number of days with snow cover and the number of TBE cases proved to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). There is a statistically significant difference in the average number of disease cases according to the air temperature category (p-value = 0.03). This disease occurs mainly in districts with an altitude of 200–400 m a. s. l. The dynamics of TBE in Slovakia is two-peaked with a decline in August. The main season of the disease lasts from May to October, peaking during the summer months of June and July. Conclusion: The results of the study point to a prognosis of the development of the disease in connection with air temperature. Based on the findings that in recent years we have observed a slightly increasing trend of TBE in Slovakia due to climate change, this disease is considered a persistent public health problem.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meteorologické pojmy * MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide distributed bacterium with a significant medical and veterinary importance. It grows within the phagosome of infected neutrophils and is responsible for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), tick-borne fever (TBF) of small ruminants and cattle, canine and equine granulocytic anaplasmosis, but infects also a great variety of wildlife species. Wild ungulates and rodents are considered reservoirs of infection in natural foci. The objective of this study was to determine the spectrum of animal species involved in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum in Slovakia and to analyze the variability of obtained nucleotide sequences, in order to determine whether genotypes from Slovakia cluster according to host-species or geographical location. Several animal species and vector ticks were screened for the presence of members of the family Anaplasmataceae using PCR based methods. Additional data on the molecular evidence of Anaplasma ovis and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis are presented. These pathogens were detected in tested sheep flocks and rodents with the mean infection rates of 8.16% and 10.75%, respectively. A. phagocytophilum was genotyped by 16S rRNA and groEL gene sequencing. Bacterial DNA was confirmed in questing ixodid ticks, in domesticated canine, wild rodents and several species of wild ungulates. In European isolates, 16S rRNA gene does not seem to be an appropriate locus for the analyses of heterogeneity as it is too conservative. Similarly, 16S rRNA isolates from our study did not reveal any polymorphisms. All isolates were identical in overlapped region and showed identity with sequences from ticks, horses or ruminants previously isolated elsewhere in the world. On the other hand, the groESL heat shock operon is widely used for determination of diversity and the analyses have already revealed considerable degree of heterogeneity. Tested ungulates were infected with A. phagocytophilum to a considerable extent. High proportions of red and roe deer tested positive and the rates of infection reached over 60.0%. GroEL sequences from canine, wild ungulates and ticks from Slovakia clustered within a clade together with isolates from horses, humans, wild ungulates and ticks from Slovakia or elsewhere in the world. Sequences from rodents clustered apart from those obtained from wild ungulates, ticks and humans. These results suggest that European rodents do not harbour A. phagocytophilum strains with strong zoonotic potential such as those from United States.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- anaplasmóza MeSH
- arachnida jako vektory mikrobiologie MeSH
- hlodavci MeSH
- klíště mikrobiologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- vysoká zvěř MeSH
- zdroje nemoci mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- domácí zvířata parazitologie virologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- Ixodidae parazitologie růst a vývoj virologie MeSH
- klíšťata parazitologie růst a vývoj virologie MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kozy parazitologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko škodlivé účinky virologie MeSH
- pasterizace metody MeSH
- vakcinace metody využití MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Anaplasmoses are common tick-borne zoonotic bacterial diseases of livestock and free-living ungulates from the genus Anaplasma that are recently emerging in Central Europe. The main aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and genetic variability of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma ovis in small ruminants and questing ticks from six different sites in Slovakia and the Czech Republic using the PCR of the msp4 gene followed by the sequence analysis. At two farms from southeastern Slovakia, 66.1% small ruminants were infected with A. ovis in contrast to one positive animal from both sites in northern Slovakia. It was represented by two different genotypes. A. phagocytophilum was present in all tested flocks with the infection prevalence ranging from 0.9% to 5.7%. None of the tested questing ticks carried A. ovis. A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1.1% and 7.8% of questing Ixodes ricinus ticks collected around the farms located in southeastern and northern Slovakia, respectively. A. phagocytophilum revealed higher intraspecific diversity than A. ovis.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma ovis genetika MeSH
- Anaplasma klasifikace genetika MeSH
- anaplasmóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- membránové proteiny genetika MeSH
- nemoci koz mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci ovcí mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty mikrobiologie MeSH
- objevující se infekční nemoci mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The presence of Anaplasma spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from Eastern Slovakia were followed by serological and molecular methods. The seroprevalence for Borrelia was detected in 16.6 %, for Anaplasmataceae (APT) in 13.2 % and co-occurrence of Borrelia and APT in 7.5 %. Out of 110 ear biopsies of rodents, 5 were B. afzelii-positive. Five biopsies tested positive with the Ehr521-Ehr747 primers amplifying all the members of the family APT. A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1.8 %, 2.7 % were infected with Anaplasma-like organisms. Co-occurrence of Borrelia and Anaplasma in ear biopsies was found in 1.8 %. The circulation of both Borrelia and Anaplasma in the region of Eastern Slovakia was confirmed.
- MeSH
- Anaplasmataceae genetika imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Arvicolinae mikrobiologie MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi čeledi Anaplasmataceae MeSH
- lymeská nemoc MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Murinae mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci hlodavců diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- zevní ucho mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex patogenita MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc diagnóza imunologie patologie MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální analýza MeSH
- tvorba protilátek MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Anaplasma izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- ehrlichióza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc epidemiologie MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi imunologie MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu veterinární MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lymeská nemoc veterinární MeSH
- nemoci koz epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- nemoci ovcí epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
