INTRODUCTION: To determine the levels of granzyme A in amniotic fluid in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), based on the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI). METHODS OF STUDY: A total of 166 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM were included. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of admission and assessments of MIAC (using both cultivation and non-cultivation techniques) and IAI (interleukin-6 in amniotic fluid) were performed on all subjects. Based on the presence/absence of MIAC and IAI, the women were further divided into the following subgroups: intra-amniotic infection, sterile IAI, colonization, and absence of both MIAC and IAI. Amniotic fluid granzyme A levels were assessed using ELISA. RESULTS: Women with MIAC had lower levels of granzyme A in the amniotic fluid than women without this condition (with MIAC: median 15.9 pg/mL vs. without MIAC: median 19.9 pg/mL, p = .03). Women with sterile IAI had higher amniotic fluid granzyme A levels than women with intra-amniotic infection, colonization and women with the absence of either MIAC or IAI (intra-amniotic infection: median 15.6 pg/mL; sterile IAI: median 31.8 pg/mL; colonization: median 16.9 pg/mL; absence of both MIAC and IAI: median 18.8 pg/mL; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sterile IAI was associated with elevated levels of granzyme A in amniotic fluid.

• MeSH
• chorioamnionitida * diagnóza   MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• granzymy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody * etiologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zánět komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: To determine the amniotic fluid glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) based on the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and/or intra-amniotic inflammation. METHODS OF STUDY: A total of 142 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM between gestational ages 24 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks were included. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of admission. The assessments of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (using both cultivation and non-cultivation techniques) and intra-amniotic inflammation (amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels ≥ 3000 pg/mL) were performed on all the women. Based on the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and/or intra-amniotic inflammation, the women were further categorized into the subgroups: (i) intra-amniotic infection (the presence of both microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation); (ii) sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (the presence of intra-amniotic inflammation without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity); (iii) colonization (the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity without intra-amniotic inflammation); and (iv) negative amniotic fluid (the absence of either microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intra-amniotic inflammation). Amniotic fluid glucose levels were assessed using enzymatic reference method with hexokinase. RESULTS: There was a difference in the amniotic fluid glucose levels among the women with intra-amniotic infection, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, colonization, and those with negative amniotic fluid (p < .0001). No difference was found in the amniotic fluid glucose levels between women with intra-amniotic infection and those with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation [infection: median 11.6 mg/dL (0.7 mmol/L) vs. sterile: median 6.3 mg/dL (0.4 mmol/L); p = .41] and between women with colonization and negative amniotic fluid [colonization: median 21.6 mg/dL (1.2 mmol/L) vs. negative: median 23.4 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L; p = .67]. Women with intra-amniotic infection and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation had lower amniotic fluid glucose levels than women with colonization and with negative amniotic fluid in crude analysis as well as after adjustment for gestational age at sampling. Amniotic fluid glucose level of 10 mg/dL (0.56 mmol/L) was the optimal concentration for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with PPROM. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of intra-amniotic inflammation was associated with lower amniotic fluid glucose levels in singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM. An amniotic fluid glucose level of 10 mg/dL (0.56 mmol/L) was the optimal concentration for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation in PPROM pregnancies. In the absence of better amniotic fluid markers, amniotic glucose could be used as a marker of intra-amniotic inflammation, with very good specificity in PPROM pregnancies.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• chorioamnionitida * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda chemie   MeSH
• přátelé MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody * etiologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zánět komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: CD11b is an integrin molecule located on the surface of leukocytes. CD11b is involved in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Expression of CD11b increases during inflammation. Therefore, this study was aimed at the evaluation of concentrations of CD11b in the amniotic fluid from pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM), with respect to the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), and microbial-associated IAI (the presence of both MIAC and IAI). METHODS: Eighty women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM were included. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid CD11b concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIAC was determined by a non-cultivation approach. IAI was defined by a bedside amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration ≥745 pg/mL. RESULT: Women with MIAC or microbial-associated IAI had higher CD11b concentrations in the amniotic fluid than women without these complications (with MIAC: median 0.31 ng/mL versus without MIAC: median 0.17 ng/mL, p = .001; with microbial associated-IAI: median 0.35 ng/mL versus without microbial-associated IAI: median 0.16 ng/mL; p =.02). The presence of IAI was not associated with elevated CD11b concentrations. A weak negative correlation was found between amniotic fluid CD11b concentrations and interleukin-6 concentrations (rho = 0.26; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: MIAC and microbial-associated IAI are characterized by higher amniotic fluid CD11b concentrations in pregnancies complicated by PPROM.

• MeSH
• amniocentéza MeSH
• chorioamnionitida * metabolismus   MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda metabolismus   MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody * metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1α is a chemokine produced by various immune, epithelial, mesothelial, and fibroblast cells after exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide or pro-inflammatory molecules. The primary aim of this study was to determine MIP-1α concentrations in amniotic and cervical fluids from pregnancy with spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) with respect to the presence of intra-amniotic infection (both microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation) and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (intra-amniotic inflammation alone). The secondary aim was to assess the diagnostic indices of MIP-1α in predicting intra-amniotic infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four women with PTL were included in this study. Paired amniotic and cervical fluid samples were obtained using transabdominal amniocentesis and a Dacron polyester swab, respectively. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity was diagnosed based on a combination of culture and molecular biology methods. The concentration of IL-6 in the amniotic and cervical fluids was measured using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as an amniotic fluid IL-6 concentration of ≥3000 pg/mL. The MIP-1α concentrations in the samples were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: A difference in amniotic fluid MIP-1α was observed among women with intra-amniotic infection, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, and negative amniotic fluid (infection: median 1779.0 pg/mL; sterile, median 102.7 pg/mL; negative, median 19.9 pg/mL; p < .0001). No difference in the concentrations of MIP-1α was identified in cervical fluid after adjustment for gestational age at sampling (infection: median 77.7 pg/mL, sterile: median 152.7 pg/mL, negative: median 18.0 pg/mL; p = .30). The presence of intra-amniotic infection was associated with elevated MIP-1α concentrations in amniotic fluid (presence: 1779.0 pg/mL vs. absence: 26.3 pg/mL, p < .0001, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: In PTL pregnancies with the presence of intra-amniotic infection, the concentration of MIP-1α is elevated in amniotic fluid but not in cervical fluid. Amniotic fluid MIP-1α may provide a useful marker for intra-amniotic infection in women with PTL.

• MeSH
• chemokin CCL3 metabolismus   MeSH
• chorioamnionitida * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda metabolismus   MeSH
• předčasná porodní činnost * diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody * metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to assess the rate and load of amniotic fluid Chlamydia trachomatis DNA and their associations with intra-amniotic infection and intra-uterine inflammatory complications in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). The secondary aim was to assess the short-term morbidity of newborns from PPROM pregnancies complicated by amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA. METHODS: A retrospective study of 788 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM between 24 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation was performed. Transabdominal amniocenteses were performed at the time of admission. C. trachomatis DNA in the amniotic fluid was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using a commercial AmpliSens® C. trachomatis/Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma hominis-FRT kit, and the level of Ct DNA was quantified. RESULTS: Amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA complicated 2% (16/788) of the PPROM pregnancies and was present in very low loads (median 57 copies DNA/mL). In addition to amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA, other bacteria were detected in 62% (10/16) of the C. trachomatis DNA-complicated PPROM pregnancies. Amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA was associated with intra-amniotic infection, histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA), and funisitis in 31%, 47%, and 33%, respectively. The presence of C. trachomatis DNA accompanied by Ureaplasma species in the amniotic fluid was associated with a higher rate of HCA than the presence of amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA alone. The composite neonatal morbidity in newborns from PPROM pregnancies with amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA was 31%. CONCLUSION: The presence of C. trachomatis DNA in the amniotic fluid is a relatively rare condition in PPROM. Amniotic fluid C. trachomatis DNA in PPROM is not related to intensive intra-amniotic and intr-auterine inflammatory responses or adverse short-term neonatal outcomes.

• MeSH
• Chlamydia trachomatis MeSH
• chorioamnionitida * epidemiologie   MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To determine the IgGFc-binding protein (FcgammaBP) concentration in amniotic and cervical fluids in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) and to assess the diagnostic indices of FcgammaBP to predict intra-amniotic infection (the presence of both microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation). In this study, we included 170 and 79 women with PPROM and PTL, respectively. Paired cervical and amniotic fluid samples were obtained using a Dacron polyester swab and transabdominal amniocentesis, respectively. The FcgammaBP concentrations in the samples were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of intra-amniotic infection was associated with elevated FcgammaBP concentrations in pregnancies with PPROM and PTL [PPROM-presence: 86 ng/mL vs. absence: 13 ng/mL, p < 0.0001, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.94; PTL-presence: 140 ng/mL vs. absence: 22 ng/mL, p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.86]. In cervical fluid, the concentrations of FcgammaBP were elevated in the presence of intra-amniotic infection in pregnancies with PPROM only (presence: 345 ng/mL vs. absence: 60 ng/mL, p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.93). FcgammaBP in amniotic fluid might be a marker of intra-amniotic infection in women with both PPROM and PTL However, in cervical fluid, it is only observed in women with PPROM.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infekční komplikace v těhotenství metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze metabolismus   MeSH
• plodová voda metabolismus   MeSH
• předčasný porod metabolismus   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) and the cervical prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis DNA in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM). METHOD: In total, 405 women with singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM were included. Cervical fluid and amniotic fluid samples were collected at the time of admission. Bacterial and G. vaginalis DNA were assessed in the cervical fluid samples using quantitative PCR technique. Concentrations of interleukin-6 and MIAC were evaluated in the amniotic fluid samples. Loads of G. vaginalis DNA ≥ 1% of the total cervical bacterial DNA were used to define the cervical prevalence of G. vaginalis as abundant. Based on the MIAC and IAI, women were categorized into four groups: with intra-amniotic infection (both MIAC and IAI), with sterile IAI (IAI without MIAC), with MIAC without IAI, and without either MIAC or IAI. RESULTS: The presence of the abundant cervical G. vaginalis was related to MIAC (with: 65% vs. without: 44%; p = 0.0004) but not IAI (with: 52% vs. without: 48%; p = 0.70). Women with MIAC without IAI had the highest load of the cervical G. vaginalis DNA (median 2.0 × 104 copies DNA/mL) and the highest presence of abundant cervical G. vaginalis (73%). CONCLUSIONS: In women with PPROM, the presence of cervical G. vaginalis was associated with MIAC, mainly without the concurrent presence of IAI.

• MeSH
• cervix uteri mikrobiologie   MeSH
• chorioamnionitida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Gardnerella vaginalis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• interleukin-6 analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plodová voda chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Introduction: We aimed to compare the amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations measured using the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method and ELISA, and to establish an IL-6 concentration cut-off value for intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), which can be used in the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method.Materials and methods: A total of 120 women with PPROM were included in this study. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained through transabdominal amniocentesis. IL-6 concentrations were assessed using both the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method and ELISA, the current gold standard. IAI was defined as an amniotic fluid IL-6 concentration of ≥2600 pg/mL measured using ELISA.Results: A correlation between both assays was found (Spearman's rho = 0.97; p < .0001). Based on the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the identification of IAI (area under the curve = 0.99), a cut-off value of ≥3000 pg/mL was selected for the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method with a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 99%, positive predictive value of 97%, negative predictive value of 96%, and likelihood ratio of 76.Conclusions: For amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations assessed using the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method, a cut-off value of 3000 pg/mL was indicated for diagnosing IAI in women with PPROM.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chorioamnionitida diagnóza   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky metody   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunoanalýza metody   MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plodová voda metabolismus   MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody patofyziologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is frequently complicated by intraamniotic inflammatory processes such as intraamniotic infection and sterile intraamniotic inflammation. Antibiotic therapy is recommended to patients with PPROM to prolong the interval between this complication and delivery (latency period), reduce the risk of clinical chorioamnionitis, and improve neonatal outcome. However, there is a lack of information regarding whether the administration of antibiotics can reduce the intensity of the intraamniotic inflammatory response or eradicate microorganisms in patients with PPROM. OBJECTIVE: The first aim of the study was to determine whether antimicrobial agents can reduce the magnitude of the intraamniotic inflammatory response in patients with PPROM by assessing the concentrations of interleukin-6 in amniotic fluid before and after antibiotic treatment. The second aim was to determine whether treatment with intravenous clarithromycin changes the microbial load of Ureaplasma spp DNA in amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study included patients who had (1) a singleton gestation, (2) PPROM between 24+0 and 33+6 weeks, (3) a transabdominal amniocentesis at the time of admission, and (4) intravenous antibiotic treatment (clarithromycin for patients with intraamniotic inflammation and benzylpenicillin/clindamycin in the cases of allergy in patients without intraamniotic inflammation) for 7 days. Follow-up amniocenteses (7th day after admission) were performed in the subset of patients with a latency period lasting longer than 7 days. Concentrations of interleukin-6 were measured in the samples of amniotic fluid with a bedside test, and the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity was assessed with culture and molecular microbiological methods. Intraamniotic inflammation was defined as a bedside interleukin-6 concentration ≥745 pg/mL in the samples of amniotic fluid. Intraamniotic infection was defined as the presence of both microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intraamniotic inflammation; sterile intraamniotic inflammation was defined as the presence of intraamniotic inflammation without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. RESULTS: A total of 270 patients with PPROM were included in this study: 207 patients delivered within 7 days and 63 patients delivered after 7 days of admission. Of the 63 patients who delivered after 7 days following the initial amniocentesis, 40 underwent a follow-up amniocentesis. Patients with intraamniotic infection (n = 7) and sterile intraamniotic inflammation (n = 7) were treated with intravenous clarithromycin. Patients without either microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intraamniotic inflammation (n = 26) were treated with benzylpenicillin or clindamycin. Treatment with clarithromycin decreased the interleukin-6 concentration in amniotic fluid at the follow-up amniocentesis compared to the initial amniocentesis in patients with intraamniotic infection (follow-up: median, 295 pg/mL, interquartile range [IQR], 72-673 vs initial: median, 2973 pg/mL, IQR, 1750-6296; P = .02) and in those with sterile intraamniotic inflammation (follow-up: median, 221 pg/mL, IQR 118-366 pg/mL vs initial: median, 1446 pg/mL, IQR, 1300-2941; P = .02). Samples of amniotic fluid with Ureaplasma spp DNA had a lower microbial load at the time of follow-up amniocentesis compared to the initial amniocentesis (follow-up: median, 1.8 × 104 copies DNA/mL, 2.9 × 104 to 6.7 × 108 vs initial: median, 4.7 × 107 copies DNA/mL, interquartile range, 2.9 × 103 to 3.6 × 107; P = .03). CONCLUSION: Intravenous therapy with clarithromycin was associated with a reduction in the intensity of the intraamniotic inflammatory response in patients with PPROM with either intraamniotic infection or sterile intraamniotic inflammation. Moreover, treatment with clarithromycin was related to a reduction in the load of Ureaplasma spp DNA in the amniotic fluid of patients with PPROM <34 weeks of gestation.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• chorioamnionitida etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interleukin-6 analýza   MeSH
• klarithromycin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klindamycin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• penicilin G terapeutické užití   MeSH
• plodová voda chemie   MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Ureaplasma genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and the presence of Lactobacillus crispatus- or Lactobacillus iners-dominated cervical microbiota in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane. Next, to assess the relationship between the presence of L. crispatus- or L. iners-dominated cervical microbiota and short-term neonatal morbidity. METHOD: A total of 311 women were included. Cervical samples were obtained using a Dacron polyester swab and amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis. Bacterial DNA, L. crispatus, and L. iners in the cervical samples were assessed by PCR. Cervical microbiota was assigned as L. crispatus- or L. iners-dominated when the relative abundance of L. crispatus or L. iners was ≥50% of the whole cervical microbiota, respectively. RESULTS: Women with MIAC showed a lower rate of L. crispatus-dominated cervical microbiota (21% vs. 39%; p = 0.003) than those without MIAC. Lactobacillus crispatus-dominated cervical microbiota was associated with a lower rate of early-onset sepsis (0% vs. 5%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of L. crispatus-dominated cervical microbiota in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane was associated with a lower risk of intra-amniotic complications and subsequent development of early-onset sepsis of newborns.

• MeSH
• amniocentéza metody   MeSH
• cervix uteri mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Chlamydia trachomatis MeSH
• chorioamnionitida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Lactobacillus crispatus * MeSH
• Lactobacillus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• Mycoplasma hominis MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• předčasná porodní činnost MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody mikrobiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Ureaplasma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH