OBJECTIVES: The MOSAIC study gathered data on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its treatment in various countries worldwide. Here we summarise patient and HCV characteristics in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. METHODS: MOSAIC was an observational study that included patients with chronic HCV infection untreated at the time of enrolment. Study collected and descriptively analysed patient demographics, disease stage and viral characteristics. Data were collected between February 2014 to October 2014. RESULTS: Among 220 patients enrolled, 51.4% were treatment-naïve. The most prevalent HCV genotype was G1 (78.4%), followed by G3 (19.7%). Higher prevalence of G1 was found in treatment-experienced patients (94.3%) compared to treatment-naïve (63.4%). Most participants (67.7%) presented viral RNA load of ≥ 800,000 IU/mL. Liver cirrhosis was reported in 24.5% of patients. Higher HCV RNA load and duration of HCV infection correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis. Anti-HCV interferon-based treatments were initiated in 88.2% of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed significant changes in the HCV genotypes partition with G3 genotype rapidly increasing in both countries, with possible impact on the WHO eradication initiative and treatment selection.
- MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C epidemiologie genetika virologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- virová nálož MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis E infection is one of the most frequent acute hepatitis in the world. Currently five human genotypes with different geographical distributions and distinct epidemiologic patterns are identified. In Slovakia, only rare cases of hepatitis E have been reported in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HEV total antibodies and the main risk factors for HEV in the general population in Eastern Slovakia. METHODS: Detection of anti-HEV total antibodies samples was done by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS: Of 175 hospitalized patients included in the study, 76 (43.5%) showed positivity for anti-HEV total antibodies. No statistically significant differences were found in anti-HEV positivity between men and women or in the groups of different living areas (town/village - urban/rural). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of anti-HEV total antibodies of hospitalised patients was high. The risk factor significantly associated with antibody positivity was eating raw meat. Other factors, such as sex, age, living area and contact with animals were not associated with antibody positivity.
- MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- hepatitida - protilátky izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hepatitida E MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- virus hepatitidy E imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections. Fidaxomicin is one of the latest antibiotics used in the treatment of CDI, however, treatment cost affects recommendations for its use in several countries. We have analysed the treatment of our patients with CDI, treated by fidaxomicin since it was introduced to the market in 2018 and became available in the second biggest Slovak hospital, University Hospital of L. Pasteur. Our aim was to determine efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin in the treatment of CDI in Slovak patients. METHODS: We reviewed all courses of fidaxomicin use in our hospital (n = 60). Fidaxomicin was used for first recurrence (12 times), second recurrence (4 times), third recurrence (2 times), and fifth recurrence (1 patient). 41 patients received fidaxomicin first-line. RESULTS: Success of fidaxomicin treatment was recorded at 86.7% within the whole cohort. In the recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) subgroup, fidaxomicin was 63% effective with three patients dying (15.7%) and two patients developing subsequent rCDI. During the duration of the study, 6 patients in total died. Only one of three patients, with three or more recurrences of CDI, had no further presentations after eight weeks of completion of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The biggest benefit from fidaxomicin treatment was shown in a cohort of patients with primary CDI infection demonstrating a low recurrence rate and significant reduction of fidaxomicin effectiveness in preventing a recurrence when treating patients with multiple rCDI.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Clostridioides difficile účinky léků izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fidaxomicin terapeutické užití MeSH
- klostridiové infekce diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is most commonly transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected tick. Alimentary infection through the consumption of TBEV-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some diseases in endemic areas. The aim of the study was to emphasize the risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) by consuming raw milk and dairy products and to describe TBE epidemics in Slovakia for the period 2012-2016. METHODS: The data on epidemics were obtained from the Annual Reports for the period 2012-2016 available on the website of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic. Medical records of patients hospitalized during epidemics were provided by the Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, and the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice. RESULTS: During the period 2012-2016, 13 smaller or larger TBE epidemic outbreaks were recorded in the Slovak Republic. The two outbreaks of TBE reported in 2012 were associated with the consumption of raw goat's milk and dairy products. The first case was an outbreak involving 12 infected people in the Lučenec District. The second case was a family outbreak in the Žilina District, where 3 persons out of 4 family members were infected. In 2013, one epidemic was reported involving 5 persons following the consumption of sheep's cheese from a farm in the Prešov District. One outbreak with 11 cases was reported in 2014. The investigation confirmed its association with the consumption of sheep's cheese in a restaurant located in the Ružomberok District. In 2015, 4 epidemics were described related to the consumption of goat's/sheep's milk and cheese (Žilina District, Krupina District, Kysucké Nové Mesto District, Trenčín District). In 2016, there were 5 TBE epidemics related to the consumption of milk and dairy products. The largest TBE epidemic outbreak in the last 5 years occurred in the Košice District. In this outbreak approximately 500 people were exposed, and 44 contracted the disease. Infected persons confirmed consumption of sheep's cheese from a farm. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of milk and dairy products made only from pasteurized milk, as well as the immunization of humans and animals are the most effective preventive measures against TBE.
- MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida diagnóza epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko virologie MeSH
- ovce virologie MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis B and C prevalence in the Roma population of eastern Slovakia is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic viral hepatitis B and C among Roma living in segregated communities in eastern Slovakia. METHODS: Data from the cross-sectional HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 among Roma living in rural communities were used. Participants were tested for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBc IgG and anti-HCV. The risk factors were assessed mainly via a structured questionnaire/interview. RESULTS: Altogether 452 Roma were screened, and 11 were excluded due to missing data. A total of 441 patients were included (mean age 34.7 +/- 9.14 years; 35.2% men). 12.5% of participants were HBsAg positive, 40.4% anti-HBc IgG positive while negative for HBsAg and 47.2% of participants were negative for all serological markers of hepatitis B. Hepatitis C prevalence was very low (0.7%), while 2 out of 3 anti-HCV positive participants were coinfected with hepatitis B. Risk factors for hepatitis B infection were male sex, higher age, tattoo, and previous imprisonment. No difference was found in intravenous drug use, blood transfusions and sexual behaviour. CONCLUSION: More than half of the Roma residing in eastern Slovakia have been infected at one point in life with the hepatitis B virus, and 12.5% are HBsAg positive. Hepatitis C prevalence is very low, which is probably due to very low intravenous drug use.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatitida B krev etnologie MeSH
- hepatitida C krev etnologie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Romové etnologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotnické přehledy metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Sofosbuvir je priamo pôsobiace antivirotikum novej triedy s perorálnou aplikáciou. Účinkuje ako inhibítor RNA polymerázy NS5B vírusu hepatitídy C. Indikovaný je v liečbe chronickej hepatitídy C u dospelých pacientov v kombinácii s inými liečivami. Prínos sofosbuviru, ktorého účinnosť a bezpečnosť bola overená vo viacerých klinických štúdiách, nespočíva len vo vyššom podiele dosahovania SVR. Prvýkrát bola potvrdená možnosť úspešnej liečby hepatitídy C aj bez použitia interferónu. Prínosom je aj možnosť predísť reinfekcii štepu liečbou u pacientov čakajúcich na transplantáciu pre hepatitídu C, ale aj efektivita liečby pacientov koinfikovaných vírusom HIV a možnosť skrátenia liečby v režimoch s interferónmi, čím dochádza k zníženiu výskytu nežiaducich účinkov.
Sofosbuvir is a direct-acting antiviral medicinal product with oral application. It acts as an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA polymerase. It is intended for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus in adult patients in combination with other medicinal products. The benefit of sofosbuvir treatment, the effectiveness and safety of which has been verified in numerous clinical studies, lies not only in higher proportion of achieving SVR. For the first time, successful treatment of hepatitis C virus without the use of interferon has been confirmed. The prevention of graft reinfection in patients waiting for transplantation for hepatitis C is also an advantage, as well as the effectiveness of treatment in patients co-infected with HIV, and the possibility of shorter treatment in regimens which include interferon and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in districts of Eastern Slovakia with a diverse prevalence of Roma population. METHODS: Overall 59,279 serum samples from 9 regional departments of clinical microbiology from Eastern Slovakia were collected in the period from January 2008 till December 2009 and analysed. RESULTS: The number of HBsAg positive samples overall and during pregnancy was 1.74% and 2.12%, respectively. Comparing districts with higher (> 5%) and lower (< 5%) Roma population, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBsAg positive samples overall (1.95% vs.1.62%). However, in the subgroup of pregnant women the prevalence of HBsAg positive samples (2.72% vs. 0.95%) differs significantly (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in Eastern Slovakia did not rapidly exceed the estimated nationwide prevalence. However, in districts with higher Roma population the expected higher prevalence of HBV infection was confirmed. This indicates the need to pay special attention to the prevention of hepatitis B in these districts.
- MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hepatitida B epidemiologie etnologie virologie MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství etnologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- surveillance populace MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
