Introduction: Cultural challenges in clinical practice can directly affect the quality and effectiveness of care for patients from different cultures. Aim: To find out and compare Czech and Slovak nurses' cultural challenges in their clinical practice. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study used a non-standard questionnaire to explore cultural challenges in nurses' clinical practice in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This study followed the guidelines provided by the STROBE checklist. The statistical analysis was conducted using SASD 1.5.8 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0. Results: The study sample comprised 202 nurses from the Czech Republic and 222 nurses from Slovakia. The findings suggest that the most significant cultural challenge identified by nurses in both countries is the language barrier, which is compounded by staff shortages. It was found that nurses who are proficient in multiple languages demonstrated increased sensitivity to cultural challenges, which may indicate a correlation between multilingual ability and the perception of cultural barriers. The results suggest that factors such as gender, role within the healthcare setting, years of experience, and educational level may have an impact on the perception of cultural challenges. Conclusion: As a result, it may be important to develop targeted interventions to improve cultural competence. Interventions such as education about cultures, training, and policy adjustments could be considered to create a more equitable and effective care environment for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. This approach may lead to improved healthcare outcomes and increased patient satisfaction.

• MeSH
• komunikační bariéry MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání zdravotních sester MeSH
• kulturně kompetentní péče * MeSH
• kulturní různorodost MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřovatelská péče MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The main goal of the project consists in evaluating the safety of nurse medication administration and in identifying the risk areas of the medication process at selected wards of CZ hospitals. The prospective, multicentric, observation-intervention study will be used to determine the number of medication errors at nurse medic. administration and to propose and implement preventive and corrective interventions in practice. At the same time, the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of the interventions will be observed. About 21000 medic. administrations will be monitored during three observations. The sociological research will approach a representative sample of CZ nurses (about 1200). Its goal will consist in evaluating the most frequent causes of errors in the area of nurse medication administration. The reasons of success or failure of the implemented interventions at the cooperating wards of the selected hospitals will be monitored in form of a questionnaire survey made before and after the implementation of the interventions among 100 nurses, 300 patients.

Hlavním cílem projektu je vyhodnotit bezpečnost podávání léčiv sestrou, identifikovat rizikové oblasti medikačního procesu na vybraných lůžkových odděleních českých nemocnic. V rámci prospektivní, multicentrické observačně intervenční studie bude stanoven počet lékových pochybení při podávání léků sestrou, navrženy a do praxe implementovány preventivně nápravné intervence. Zároveň bude sledována dlouhodobá udržitelnost a efektivita těchto intervencí. Během tři observací bude sledováno přibližně 21 000 podání léků. V rámci sociologického šetření bude osloven reprezentativní vzorek sester České republiky (cca 1200). Jeho cílem bude vyhodnotit nejčastější příčiny pochybení v oblasti podávání léčiv sestrami. Důvody úspěšnosti či selhání zavedených intervencí na spolupracujících pracovištích vybraných nemocnic budou sledovány formou dotazníkového šetření provedeného před a po realizaci intervencí u 100 sester a 300 pacientů.

• Klíčová slova
• intervence, clinical pharmacy, interventions, podání léku, Sestra, Nurse, klinická farmacie, lékový problém, medication administration, drug-related problem,

• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Goals: This study aims to identify sociodemographic predictors of breastfeeding and evaluate the effect of nursing interventions on nutritional strategies in premature infants (0-6 months). Methods: A prospective monocentric longitudinal study focused on the nutritional management of 201 preterm infants. Monitoring was performed for two years at specific time intervals. Results: The mother's nationality influences the child's nutrition in the first weeks but this influence decreases with the child's age. The mother's education has a significant effect on nutritional choices. Higher education correlates with using different nutritional combinations. Strong predictors of breastfeeding include the first latch, skin-to-skin contact, and orofacial stimulation. Conclusion: The study identified vital factors influencing the nutrition of preterm infants. These findings enable better targeting of measures and support better health and development of such children. The results provide a scientific basis for the development of nutritional strategies and interventions.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• fyziologie výživy * MeSH
• kojení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• náhražky mateřského mléka MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• sociodemografické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent COVID-19 has spread world-wide and become pandemic with about 7 million deaths reported so far. Interethnic variability of the disease has been described, but a significant part of the differences remain unexplained and may be attributable to genetic factors. AIM: To analyse genetic factors potentially influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in European Roma minority. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two genetic determinants, within OAS-1 (2-prime,5-prime-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, a key protein in the defence against viral infection; it activates RNases that degrade viral RNAs; rs4767027 has been analysed) and LZTFL1 (leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1, expressed in the lung respiratory epithelium; rs35044562 has been analysed) genes were screened in a population-sample of Czech Roma (N = 302) and majority population (N = 2,559). RESULTS: For both polymorphisms, Roma subjects were more likely carriers of at least one risky allele for both rs4767027-C (p < 0.001) and rs35044562-G (p < 0.00001) polymorphism. There were only 5.3% Roma subjects without at least one risky allele in comparison with 10.1% in the majority population (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that different genetic background plays an important role in increased prevalence of COVID-19 in the Roma minority.

• MeSH
• 2',5'-oligoadenylátsynthetasa genetika   MeSH
• COVID-19 * genetika   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• neandertálci * genetika   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Romové * genetika   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

AIM: This study aimed to compare the level of cultural competence among nurses working in clinical practice in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. BACKGROUND: Demographic changes have greatly affected the health sector in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. By identifying the level of nurses' cultural competence, many of the complications encountered in caring for patients from different cultures can be avoided. However, few studies have explored the cultural competence of nurses in clinical practice in these countries. METHOD: This study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative. It followed the STROBE checklist and used the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were utilized for data analysis, using SASD 1.5.8 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0. RESULTS: The sample comprised 424 nurses, with 202 from the Czech Republic and 222 from Slovakia, primarily female. Most nurses in both countries have not received cultural diversity training. Nevertheless, nurses in both countries indicate the necessity of conducting a cultural impact assessment of patients' health. Cultural diversity training significantly increases the level of cultural competence in nurses. DISCUSSION: Lower cultural competence scores can negatively impact nursing care for patients from different cultures, leading to additional cultural challenges. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The findings highlight the need for enhanced cultural competence among nurses. Nurses need to learn and utilize cultural information to help maximize healthcare for patients from different cultures. By providing nurses with cultural knowledge and skills, they will be able to deliver more effective and culturally competent care to patients from varied cultural backgrounds.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kulturní kompetence * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Úvod: Podání léčiv hospitalizovanému pacientovi představuje kritické místo při poskytování zdravotních služeb a je spojené s výskytem různých kategorií pochybení s reálným dopadem na zdraví pacienta a náklady zdravotní péči. Cíl: Cílem práce bylo analyzovat vliv intervencí a jejich udržitelnost na prevalenci pochybení spojených s podáním léčiv sestrou hospitalizovaným pacientům. Metodika: Data pochází z observačně intervenční studie probíhající v letech 2020 až 2023 a analyzující podání léčiv sestrou v jedné z českých nemocnic. Sběr dat proběhl formou přímého pasivního pozorování týmem tvořeným sestrou a farmaceutem na interním a chirurgickém oddělení a oddělení následné péče, a to vždy tři po sobě jdoucí dny v době ranních, poledních a večerních podání léčiv. Zaznamenána byla všechna léčiva podaná v době pozorování, údaje o pacientovi, sestře podávající léčiva, vlastním podání léčiva a správném způsobu podání a zacházení s jednotlivými lékovými formami. Všechna data včetně údajů o sestrách byla anonymizovaná a standardním způsobem ochráněna. Po prvním sběru dat byly na základě získaných dat vytvořeny a implementovány komplexní intervence. Pochybení byla rozdělena na léková a procesní a pomocí statistických metod byl zhodnocen dopad a udržitelnost navržených intervencí. Výsledky: Celkem bylo pozorováno podání 3 826 léčiv podávaných 55 sestrami 222 pacientům průměrně starším 75 let. Ve více než 80 % se jednalo o pevné perorální lékové formy. Nejvyšší prevalence pochybení byla zaznamenána u těchto kategorií: nesprávný časový odstup od potravy, chybějící identifikace pacienta, absence dezinfekce rukou sestry před podáním léčiva, neprovedené kontroly užití léčiva pacientem a nepoužití čistých pomůcek pro přípravu léčiva. Ve všech těchto případech se ukázaly navržené intervence jako účinné a bylo zaznamenáno statisticky významné zlepšení v průběhu studie. Závěr: Pozitivní dopad intervencí na snížení výskytu lékových pochybení při podání léčiv sestrou ukazuje, že udržení a další posílení kultury bezpečí při poskytování zdravotní péče v nemocnici vyžaduje opakovanou edukaci zdravotnických pracovníků.

Introduction: The medication administration to hospitalized patients is critical in the delivery of healthcare services and is associated with the occurrence of various categories of errors with real impact on patient health and healthcare costs. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of interventions and their sustainability on the prevalence of errors asso­ciated with medication administration by nurses to hospitalized patients. Methods: Data were obtained from an observational intervention study conducted from 2020 to 2023 and analysing medication administration by nurses in one of the Czech hospitals. Data collection was done by direct passive observation by a team including a nurse and a pharmacist in the internal medicine, surgery, and long-term wards on three consecutive days during morning, midday, and evening administrations. All drugs administered at the time of observation, details of the patient, the nurse administering the medicine, the actual administration of the medicine, and the correct method of administration and handling of each dosage form were recorded. All data, including nurse data, were anonymised, and protected. After initial data collection, complex interventions were developed and implemented based on the data collected. Errors were divided into medication and process errors and the impact and sustainability of the proposed interventions were assessed using statistical methods. Results: A total of 3 826 drugs administered by 55 nurses to 222 patients with a mean age over 75 years were observed. More than 80 % were solid oral dosage forms. The highest prevalence of errors was incorrect timing in relation to food, lack of patient identification, lack of nurse hand disinfection prior to medication administration, failure to check if patient used administered drug, failure to use clean equipment for medication administration. In all these cases, the proposed interventions proved to be effective, and a statistically significant improvement was observed over the course of the study. Conclusion: The positive impact of the interventions on reducing the occurrence of medication errors in the administration of medicines by nurses shows that maintaining and further strengthening a safety culture in the delivery of healthcare in the hospital requires repeated education of healthcare workers.

• MeSH
• bezpečnost pacientů MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medikační omyly * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• snížení rizika poškození MeSH
• zdravotní sestry v klinické praxi výchova   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Theoretical frameworks and models provide a roadmap for clinical practice and research by explaining and predicting the processes that influence intervention outcomes. They serve as the basis for understanding, conceptualizing, and designing nursing and social science intervention studies. Yet what is often not clearly understood is how theory actually guides intervention development and testing. What do we really mean when we describe an intervention as theoretically driven and how does a research scientist go about making this happen? The purpose of this article is to provide an exemplar of how theory guided the development of an evidence-based nursing intervention developed to reduce sexual risk behaviors (The Health Improvement Project for Teens). This approach can be used as a guide or framework applicable to other intervention programs in development. We also discuss the need in the Czech Republic for more rapid integration of broader theoretical approaches to guide intervention development and continued focus on the development and testing of nursing interventions. While still in its initial stages of development, nurse and social scientists in the Czech Republic can quickly build rigorous interventions by expanding the use of the broad array of useful theories that can guide intervention development.

• MeSH
• hraní rolí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• ošetřovatelství - vzorové postupy * MeSH
• ošetřovatelství metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• psychodrama metody   MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• psychosociální intervence metody   MeSH
• rizikový sex prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sexuální chování psychologie   MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

BACKGROUND: The cultural competence of nurses is crucial in providing nursing care for patients from different cultures. The absence of cultural competence can negatively impact the entire course of care; however, implementing cultural competence in critical care unit can be complicated. AIM: This study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions regarding cultural competence in critical care units. STUDY DESIGN: This study used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) working in critical unites. Data were collected from February to June 2022 and then categorized and evaluated. Atlas.ti was used for the inductive thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Three key areas identified were as follows: (1) nurses and culturally competent care in critical care, (2) cultural challenges in practice and (3) suggestions for improving culturally competent care. The participants expressed that culturally competent care in critical care units has specific limitations because of the nature of the intensive care units (ICUs). Additional learning included opportunities to improve culturally competent care, such as raising cultural awareness, developing language skills and promoting culturally competent care. CONCLUSIONS: Providing culturally competent care in critical care units is an understudied area. Identifying barriers and cultural challenges is one strategy nurses can use to improve culturally competent ICU care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Creating cultural awareness by training nurses in their own culture, in cultural diversity, and in overcoming prejudices and stereotypes is an essential step towards increasing cultural competence. Understanding nurses' perceptions on this topic can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for providing culturally sensitive care in a critical care setting.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• kulturně kompetentní péče * MeSH
• kulturní kompetence MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřovatelská péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu * MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Sborník abstraktů prací přednesených na konferenci, která se zaměřila na dějiny Československého zdravotnictví. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lékařství MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče dějiny   MeSH
• zdravotnické služby dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Československo MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• dějiny lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• brožury

INTRODUCTION: The multifaceted benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants include enhanced neurodevelopment and immune function in preterm infants. However, more research is needed to understand the unique factors affecting breastfeeding practices in preterm infants. This study aimed to identify key social predictors of breastfeeding in preterm infants and assess the effectiveness of specific interventions on their feeding practices during the first six months postpartum. METHODS: A prospective, monocentric, longitudinal study involving a cohort of 201 preterm infants was executed at the Neonatology Department, Ceske Budejovice Hospital, Czech Republic, from January 2020 to January 2023. The STROBE guidelines were used. RESULTS: The study results elucidated a transition from breastfeeding to bottle feeding and formula within the infants' first six months. Notable social predictors of breastfeeding encompassed factors such as the number of children in the household, the mother's marital status, and the nature of housing. Certain interventions, including immediate skin-to-skin contact between mother and child, and initiation of nutritive feeding within the first half-hour post-birth, significantly influenced the probability of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The data underscored that social predictors and nursing interventions substantially shape the breastfeeding practices of preterm infants during the first six months postpartum. Inequities in health outcomes among premature infants can be effectively curbed through comprehensive care models that account for socioeconomic factors influencing breastfeeding.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH