Stroke is despite of progressive improvements in treatment and reperfusion strategies one of the most devastating human pathology. However, as quality of acute health care improves and more people survive ischemic attack, healthcare specialists have to solve new challenges to preserve reasonable quality of life to these patients. Thus, novel approaches which prevents comorbidities of stroke and improve quality of life of stroke survivors in general has to be developed and experimentally tested. The aim of the present paper was to establish reliable rat model of middle cerebral occlusion and set of methods allowing selection of animals suitable for long-term experiments. We have compared mortality rates, cerebral blood flow and extension of ischemic lesion induced by intraluminal filament in three widely used outbred rat strains. We have additionally used an animal 18F-DG PET scans to verify its reliability in noninvasive detection of ischemic infarct in acute period (24 h after MCAO) for selecting animals eligible for long survival experiments. Our data clearly indicates that high variability between rat strains might negatively influence stroke induction by intraluminal thread occlusion of middle cerebral artery. Most reliable outbred rat strain in our hands was Sprague-Dawley where maximal reduction of cerebral blood flow and extensive ischemic lesion was observed. Contrary, Wistar rats exhibited higher mortality and Long-Evans rats significantly smaller or no ischemic region in comparison to Sprague-Dawley. Additionally, we have confirmed a positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose as suitable method to assess extension of ischemic region in acute period after the experimental arterial occlusion in rats.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• infarkt arteria cerebri media diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mozkový krevní oběh fyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Aim of the study is to define the diagnostic accuracy of selected urinary protein biomarkers in the non-invasive detection of primary and recurrent urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The urinary levels of calprotectin, CD147, APOA4 and protein deglycase DJ-1 were examined in 255 individuals, including 60 controls with non-malignant urological disease, 61 patients with a history of urinary bladder cancer with negative cytology and negative cystoscopy and 134 patients with urinary bladder cancer. Urinary concentrations of biomarkers were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). During the follow-up of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), a group of 44 patients with cancer recurrence was compared to the group of 61 patients with a history of NMIBC but with no evidence of disease. Urinary concentrations of the evaluated markers did not reveal any significant difference between these groups. During the primary diagnosis, a group of 90 patients with primary bladder cancer and 60 subjects with benign disease were compared. Urinary levels of CD147 were not significantly higher in patients with tumors. The greatest diagnostic accuracy was observed in APOA4 (sensitivity 55.6, specificity 83.3, AUC 0.75), and lesser in calprotectin (sensitivity 39.4, specificity 87.7, AUC 0.66) and in DJ-1 (sensitivity 61.1, specificity 66.7, AUC 0.64), respectively. Apolipoprotein A4 may be used potentially as a supplemental urinary marker in the diagnosis of primary bladder cancer.

• MeSH
• apolipoproteiny A moč   MeSH
• basigin moč   MeSH
• leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery moč   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře diagnóza   moč   MeSH
• PARK7 moč   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study analyzes fatty acid (FA) composition in plasma lipids and erythrocyte phospholipids while comparing septic and non-septic critically ill patients. The aim was to describe impacts of infection and the inflammatory process. Patients with severe sepsis (SP, n = 13); age-, sex- and APACHE II score-matched non-septic critically ill with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (NSP, n = 13); and age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 13) were included in a prospective case-control study during the first 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit. In both SP and NSP, lower n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) accompanied by higher proportions of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) in plasma phospholipids (PPL) was observed relative to HC. MUFA proportion was negatively correlated with n-6 PUFA, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and albumin. MUFA was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10), oxidized low density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), and conjugated dienes (CD). In both SP and NSP, inflammatory and lipid peroxidation markers were significantly higher-CRP (p < 0.001; p = 0.08), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α (p < 0.01, p = 0.06), ox-LDL, and CD while total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C albumin, and 20:4n-6/22:6n-3 and n-6/n-3 ratios were lower compared to HC. In conclusion, the changes in plasma lipid FA profile relate to the intensity of inflammatory and peroxidative response regardless of insult etiology. The lower MUFA and higher n-6 PUFA proportions in PPL were inversely correlated with cholesterol and albumin levels.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfolipidy krev   MeSH
• interleukiny metabolismus   MeSH
• kalcitonin metabolismus   MeSH
• kritický stav * MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny krev   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sepse imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Histamínová intolerancia (HIT) je ochorenie, ktoré zaraďujeme do skupiny potravinových intolerancií. V pediatrickej populácii bolo realizovaných len niekoľko štúdií, ktoré sa zaoberali danou problematikou. HIT môže vzniknúť ako následok nadmernej akumulácie histamínu v organizme a poruchy metabolizácie histamínu. Klinický obraz HIT tvorí mnoho nešpecifických príznakov a symptómov, ktoré často imitujú alergické ochorenia. Histamínová intolerancia predstavuje diagnostický problém, spoľahlivá diagnostická metóda totiž nie je k dispozícii. V klinickej praxi sa často využíva stanovenie aktivity a koncentrácie diaminooxidázy (DAO) v sére a v bioptickej vzorke z črevného epitelu, či molekulovo-genetické vyšetrenie polymorfizmov v géne pre diaminooxidázu. Avšak uvedené spektrum vyšetrení poskytuje len dodatočnú informáciu, pretože nevedie k potvrdeniu alebo vylúčeniu tohto ochorenia. Diagnóza býva obvykle stanovená klinicky na základe pozitívnej odpovede pacientov na nízkohistamínovú diétu a rozsiahlym diagnostickým vylúčením iných ochorení.

Histamine intolerance (hereinafter referred to as HIT) is a disease which belongs to food intolerance disorders. Only several studies aimed at histamine intolerance research have been carried out in paediatric environment. Reasons behind the development of HIT may be an excessive accumulation of histamine in organism and a disorder of metabolic degradation of histamine. The clinical picture of HIT consists of several non-specific signs and symptoms which are often similar to allergic reactions. HIT poses a diagnostic problem, as an effective diagnostic tool for HIT is unavailable. A frequently used clinical method is to determine activity and concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum and in biopsy sample from intestinal epithelium. It is also possible to apply molecular genetics examination of polymorphisms in gene for DAO. However, the stated types of examination function as additional information only, as they do not lead to confirmation or exclusion of the disease. Clinical diagnosis is usually determined by a positive response of patients to low histamine diet and by an extensive diagnostical exclusion of other diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• nízkohistaminová dieta,
• MeSH
• analýza potravin MeSH
• antihistaminika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dietoterapie metody   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• histamin * imunologie   MeSH
• histaminasa sekrece   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kožní manifestace MeSH
• kožní testy metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• potravinová alergie * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• pruritus MeSH
• urtikarie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The impact of repeated exposure to cold and cold adaptation on human cardiovascular health is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of cold adaptation on cardiovascular risk factors, thyroid hormones and the capacity of humans to reset the damaging effect of oxidative stress. Ten well cold-adapted winter swimmers (CA) and 16 non-adapted controls (CON) were enroled in this experiment to test whether cold adaptation could influence the parameters of lipoprotein metabolism, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), homocysteine, thyroid hormones, antioxidant defence markers (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1)) and oxidative stress markers (concentration of conjugated dienes (CD)). A decreased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio was found in the CA group (p<0.05), but other lipoprotein parameters, including CEC, did not differ significantly. Plasma homocysteine was lower in CA subjects in comparison with controls (p<0.05). Higher triiodothyronine (T3) values were observed in the CA compared to the CON (p<0.05) group, but TSH and other thyroid hormones did not differ between both groups. CA subjects had lower activity of GPX1 (p<0.05), lower concentrations of CD (p<0.05) and increased activities of PON1 (p<0.001) compared to CON subjects. A trend for decreased activity of CAT (p=0.06) in CA compared to CON groups was also observed, but GSH levels did not differ significantly. Zn concentration was higher in the CA group than in the CON group (p<0.001). Human cold adaptation can influence oxidative stress markers. Trends towards the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in cold-adapted subjects also indicate the positive effect of cold adaptation on cardio-protective mechanisms.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• ateroskleróza epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace fyziologie   MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy metabolismus   MeSH
• hormony krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• nízká teplota * MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• plavání MeSH
• zinek metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Zatiaľčo u dospelých sa ako hlavný etiologický faktor chronickej pankreatitídy uvádza nadmerná konzumácia alkoholu, u detí sa okrem anatomických anomálií pankreasu a žlčových ciest uplatňujú predovšetkým genetické faktory. Cieľ: Charakterizovať frekvenciu výskytu mutácií jednotlivých génov asociovaných so vznikom rekurentnej akútnej pankreatitídy alebo chronickej pankreatitídy u detí a následne sledovať genotypovo-fenotypové korelácie u týchto pa­cientov. Materiál a metodika: Do štúdie bolo zaradených 21 detí s dia­gnózou rekurentnej akútnej pankreatitídy/chronickej pankreatitídy nejasnej etiológie, ktoré boli v období 2008–2013 vyšetrené na II. detskej klinike LF UK a DFNsP v Bratislave. Molekulovo-genetická analýza génov PRSS1, SPINK1 a CTRC sa uskutočnila v spolupráci s Oddelením lekárskej genetiky Onkologického ústavu sv. Alžbety. Výsledky: Rodin­ná anamnéza bola pozitívna v piatich prípadoch. U dvoch pa­cientov bola dokázaná prítomnosť mutácie p.R122H génu PRSS1; jeden pa­cient je zmiešaný heterozygot pre mutácie p.G208A (PRS­S1) a p.G60G (CTRC). Mutácia p.N34S génu SPINK1 sa potvrdila u šiestich pa­cientov (dvaja homozygotní a štyria heterozygotní), z nich u štyroch bola potvrdená aj mutácia p.G60G (CTRC) v heterozygotnom stave. Jeden pa­cient je homozygot pre mutáciu p.G60G; jeden heterozygot pre p.R254W a jeden heterozygot pre mutáciu p.G214R génu CTRC. Záver: V súbore 21 detských pa­cientov s rekurentnou akútnou pankreatitídou/chronickou pankreatitídou neznámej etiológie sme zaznamenali vysoký výskyt kauzálnych mutácií asociovaných so vznikom ochorenia. Uvedené výsledky potvrdzujú dôležitosť genetického vyšetrenia u detí s idiopatickou rekurentnou akútnou pankreatitídou /chronickou pankreatitídou.

While in adults the major etiological factor of chronic pancreatitis is excessive alcohol consumption, in children, together with anatomical anomalies of the pancreas and biliary tract, genetic factors seem to be crucial. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the frequency of mutations in genes associated with the development of recurrent acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis in children and then monitor the genotype-phenotype correlations in the patients. Material and methods: Twenty-one children with recurrent acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis of unknown etiology diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 at the 2nd Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Bratislava, were enrolled in the study. Molecular genetic analysis of PRSS1, SPINK1 and CTRC genes was performed in cooperation with the Department of Medical Genetics at St. Elisabeth’s Institute of Oncology. Results: Family history was positive in five cases. In 2 out of 21 patients, the p.R122H mutation of PRSS1 gene was found; one patient was a trans-heterozygous carrier of the p.G208A (PRSS1) and p.G60G (CTRC) variants. The p.N34S mutation of SPINK1 gene was seen in six patients (two homozygous and four heterozygous), out of which four were trans-heterozygotes with the p.G60G (CTRC) variant. One patient was homozygous for p.G60G, one was heterozygous for p.R254W and one was heterozygous for p.G214R variant of the CTRC gene. Conclusion: In a group of 21 pediatric patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis/chronic pancreatitis of unknown etiology, a high prevalence of causal mutations associated with the development of the disease was found. These results confirm the importance of genetic testing in children with idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis/chronic pancreatitis. Key words: chronic pancreatitis – hereditary pancreatitis – genetic predisposition to disease – genetic analysis – pancreatitis in children The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE „uniform requirements“ for bio­­­­medical papers. Submitted: 5. 11. 2015 Accepted: 29. 11. 2015

• Klíčová slova
• hereditární pankreatitída,
• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• chronická pankreatitida * genetika   MeSH
• chymotrypsin genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• genetické testování MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA * MeSH
• pankreatitida genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• transportní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• trypsin genetika   MeSH
• trypsinogen genetika   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• testikulární nádory * diagnóza   epidemiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH