Background: Coordinated rehabilitation plays a crucial role in helping patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) to return to active lives. Cooperation between occupational therapists (OTs) and social workers (SWs) is very important during the hospital-to-home transition. Aim: The primary objective of the project was to map the coordinated rehabilitation of individuals after ABI within their social environment, aiming to help patients reclaim their lives despite the limitations of ABI. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the impact of medical-social rehabilitation relative to interprofessional cooperation between OTs and SWs in the patient's home environment. The focus is on identifying the critical elements needed to maximize specialist collaboration. Methods: The research was designed as an experimental qualitative study with auxiliary quantitative indicators in 17 case studies. The study included semi-structured interviews. In addition, the FIM system® and WHODAS 2.0 were used to objectify patient status monitored over time in individual cases. Results: Five critical elements of cooperation were identified: (1) Quality of life, (2) Self-sufficiency, (3) Evaluation of the home, physical, and social environment, (4) Indication of aids, barrier-free modifications, and their financing, (5) Connection of health and social areas. After coordinated intervention, patients reported a gradual increase in their quality of life and self-sufficiency. The next continuity of rehabilitation services is very desirable, at least for maintaining the effect. Conclusion: Specialist cooperation prevents patients from getting lost in the complicated systems of health and social services. It maximizes access to and effectiveness of these services, including the availability of financial aid and psychological support.
This scoping review examines the legal recognition of children with a different mother tongue, focusing on how educational and legal systems can better accommodate their unique needs. Legal recognition, distinct from legal awareness, involves acknowledging the rights of linguistically diverse children and adapting systems to uphold these rights. The review explores current gaps in research and policy, emphasizing the need for more inclusive frameworks that support bilingual education, especially for indigenous and immigrant populations. The findings highlight the challenges that children with different mother tongues face in existing legal and educational structures, and offer recommendations for improving inclusivity. This study aims to inform policy changes that will ensure a more equitable and supportive environment for all children, regardless of their linguistic background.
Úvod: Článek poukazuje na důležitost komunitních služeb pro osoby po získaném poškození mozku a na chybějící návaznost rehabilitace při jejich propuštění do domácího prostředí, které je často nevyhovující vzhledem k nastalé disabilitě. Odborné zhodnocení a vedení odborníky z rehabilitace ve spolupráci s rodinou je nezastupitelné. Cíl: Cílem sdělení je předložit výsledky ergoterapeutické intervence v rámci koordinované komunitní rehabilitace. Hlavním cílem je řešení disabilních situací osob po získaném poškození mozku v domácím prostředí, které souvisejí zejména s evaluací bytu a indikací facilitačních prostředků. Metody: Byla použita metodologická triangulace s převahou kvalitativní části v rámci akčního výzkumu 3měsíční koordinované interprofesní rehabilitace v domácím prostředí. Technikami sběru dat jsou rozhovory s klienty a jejich rodinnými příslušníky, pozorování v domácím prostředí, analýza dokumentů a využití standardizovaných testů (FIM, WHODAS 2.0) pro hodnocení vývoje soběstačnosti, funkčního stavu a subjektivního vnímání kvality života probandů. Výsledky: Do finálního zpracování výsledků se zaměřením na ergoterapeutickou intervenci bylo zařazeno celkem 17 osob z Jihočeského kraje a doplňkově 6 osob z oblasti Praha a Středočeský kraj. Celkově převažuje diagnóza cévní mozková příhoda. V rámci identifikace bariér a facilitátorů výrazně zaznívá rodina klienta. Zároveň většina klientů potřebovala menší úpravy či drobné pomůcky indikované ergoterapeutem, tedy zejména finančně méně náročné facilitátory, které jsou ale zásadní z hlediska soběstačnosti a bezpečnosti v provádění běžných denních aktivit. U osob s tetraplegií či těžší hemiparézou byly indikovány zásadnější úpravy jako např. bezbariérový výtah, instalace rampy, plošiny, schodolezu či řešení bezbariérové koupelny se sprchovým koutem. Zde se jeví jako velice žádoucí spolupráce se sociálním pracovníkem ohledně financování. Závěr: Klienti vnímají pozitivní přínos intervence, chybí jim ale další návazná rehabilitace. Ergoterapeut je v týmu nenahraditelný. Z analýzy rozhovorů je patrná potřeba péče rodiny o klienta, ale nelze zanedbávat ani péči o rodinu a její vedení. Obě potřeby by měly být pro odborníky apelem na kvalitní interprofesní přístup, kdy je rodina s klientem plnohodnotnou součástí týmu.
Aim: The aim of the article is to present the results of occupational therapy intervention in the framework of coordinated community rehabilitation. The main aim is to address the disabling situations of people after acquired brain injury in the home setting, which are mainly related to the evaluation of housing and the indication of facilitation resources. Methods: A methodological triangulation was used with a predominantly qualitative component in an action research study of a 3-month coordinated interprofessional rehabilitation in a home setting. The data collection techniques are interviews with clients and their family members, observations in the home environment, document analysis and the use of standardized tests (FIM, WHODAS 2.0) to assess the development of self-sufficiency, functional status and subjective perception of the probands quality of life. Results: A total of 17 people from the South Bohemia region and 6 additional people from the Prague and Central Bohemia region were included in the final processing of the results focusing on occupational therapy intervention. Overall, the predominant diagnosis was stroke. As part of the identification of barriers and facilitators, the client‘s family plays a significant role. Most of the clients needed minor adjustments or minor aids indicated by the occupational therapist after the stroke, i.e. especially financially less demanding facilitators, which are essential in terms of independence and safety in performing normal daily activities. For people with tetraplegia or more severe hemiparesis, more substantial modifications were indicated, such as a wheelchair lift or installation of a ramp, platform, stair lift, or a wheelchair accessible bathroom with shower. Here, cooperation with a social worker regarding funding seems to be highly desirable. Conclusion: Clients perceive the positive benefits of the intervention but lack further follow-up rehabilitation. The occupational therapist is irreplaceable in the team. From the analysis of the interviews, the need for family care for the client is evident, but the care and guidance of the family cannot be neglected. Both needs should be an appeal to professionals for a quality interprofessional approach, where the family and the clients are a full part of the team.
- MeSH
- domácí životní podmínky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ergoterapie * metody MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění mozku * rehabilitace MeSH
- rehabilitace po cévní mozkové příhodě metody MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- samostatný způsob života statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sběr dat metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Team neurorehabilitation care after a cerebrovascular accident (CVA/ stroke) in acute and inpatient facilities is at a very high level. However, models suitable for subsequent rehabilitation in home environments are less known. A review of the literature published between 2013–2023 was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. The search for relevant articles used three electronic databases, i.e., Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Twenty-three articles were initially selected for review. This study summarizes the physiotherapeutic methods and approaches available to stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation in the home environment. The study also characterizes home rehabilitation programs in terms of content, duration, frequency of visits, availability, and use of self-therapy materials, interactions with the therapist, exercise record keeping, tools used to assess the functional status of stroke patients, and whether or what kind of an interprofessional team was involved in home rehabilitation. The goal of successful community rehabilitation is to have an interprofessional neurorehabilitation program specific to each stroke patient, and a program focused on the patient’s current needs and goals relative to their rehabilitation environment.
Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability, impacting both the affected person and informal caregivers. As the number of stroke patients rises, it is increasingly important to recognize that informal stroke caregivers have needs that require support and interventions. Objectives: The aim was to create an overview of studies where informal caregivers express their specific needs related to providing care for stroke patients in the home environment and summarize the described needs into particular categories. Methods: A review of the literature published between 2013-2023 was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. The search for relevant articles used electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. 21 articles met the entry criteria. Results: Our analysis revealed 10 domains of needs of informal caregivers taking care of stroke patients in the home environment: the need to obtain information, the need to learn the life aspects of the patient after stroke, the need for a new family dynamic, the need to manage practical matters/non-care tasks, the need to communicate with the patient, the need for closeness, the need for physical health, the need for mental health, social needs, and the need for formal and informal support. Conclusion: The burden on informal caregivers has been confirmed by a wealth of research, including this study. As challenges faced by stroke patients and their caregivers evolve, their needs must be regularly reviewed to ensure appropriate interventions, treatments, and support to improve overall care after a stroke.
Objectives: The article points out the importance of coordinated rehabilitation in the personal social environment of people with acquired brain injury (ABI) after discharge from the treating medical facility. We compared the client’s/patient’s subjective perception of their quality of life and special needs several years after ABI to those same items immediately after the coordinated rehabilitation period. Methods: The research was designed as a qualitative pilot study with auxiliary quantitative indicators. It was a longitudinal six-year study, concluded in April 2021 with a computer- assisted telephone interview (CATI) to determine the status and needs of participants. There were 17 client/patient participants. Results: Research suggests that if therapy after ABI is not continued, clients/patients often reverse the gains made during 3-month coordinated interventions and, according to WHODAS 2.0, can return to pre-intervention levels within a year. Three or more years after ABI, clients/ patients subjectively perceive that improvement in their condition has stagnated or has only slightly improved, and most reported a deterioration in their quality of life. Conclusion: While participants were coping with their ABI, it was clear that long-term follow-up involving rehabilitation or at least longer-term professional help and support was desperately needed to help clients/patients maintain their initial improvements.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the article is to indicate how selected socioeconomic factors contribute to the selected characteristics of the subjectively perceived health of seniors 65+ living in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Data collection took place in the Czech Republic from 27 January 2020 to 14 February 2020. The total number of interviews carried out in the research was 1,172, from a representative quota sample of seniors from the senior population living in the Czech Republic. Questionnaires were distributed in the form of PAPI interviews. RESULTS: The assessment of subjective social status increases with education and employment (these three aspects are closely linked), and the assessment transferred to the senior years. CONCLUSION: The accumulation of advantages and disadvantages should encourage the Government of the Czech Republic, as well as other European states, to focus on those who, based on their low levels of education and social status, have very low assessments of their subjective health. Prevention (in both health and social fields), which includes access to information and the subsequent better life decisions, must be implemented throughout a person's lifetime (so as to reduce the disadvantages that accumulate from the cradle to the grave).
- MeSH
- disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This article aims to provide information about cultural and social differences as an obstacle to integrating foreign staff working in research and higher education institutions in the Czech Republic. The theory was based on the individual concept of the social-ecological perspective, which is disadvantaged by an unfamiliar environment, and the intention of internationalizing tertiary education in the Czech Republic. This questionnaire-based quantitative research was supplemented with open- ended questions to increase its validity. The questions were processed using open coding without counting frequencies. The reason for this was to find out aspects of integration without radical generalization. It mainly dealt with capturing an accurate picture of the respondents’ feelings. The answers brought fresh insights into the integration of foreign scientists and academics. The respondents reported on cultural differences and their view of society. Also, they drew attention to problems and barriers in integration at the workplace and everyday life in the Czech Republic. The results revealed the need for standardized support in the form of coordinated integration services to help remove cultural, social, and other barriers arising when working in an intercultural environment.
