Iodine is a milk micronutrient whose concentration is highly variable and depends on several factors. The aim of this work was to monitor the prevailing concentration of iodine in raw goat (n = 71) and sheep (n = 68) milk from farms in the Czech Republic, to assess the variation in iodine levels and evaluate them with farming practices, herd size, breed and season. Iodine was determined by a spectrophotometric method according to Sandell-Kolthoff. The mean prevailing iodine concentration in goat and sheep milk was 249.73 and 264.21 μg/L, respectively. In addition to inter-species variability, we found statistically significant differences depending on the both sheep and goat herd size. The differences between conventional and organic farming were relatively minor and without statistical significance.
The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
The study focused on the effects of traditional (benzoate-sorbate and triphosphates) and alternative (nisin, Laktocid, Defence JB, and Galimax Flavor) food preservatives on the microbiological quality and sensory properties of pasteurized liquid whole eggs (LWE). The LWE samples with the addition of a test preservative and a control were stored at 4°C for 45 D. The selected microbiological parameters, sensory attributes, and color space parameters were determined. The results were statistically analyzed by means of factorial ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The multivariate method of principal component analysis based on the correlation matrix was employed to assess the relationships between pH and sensory characteristics of LWE. Total plate counts at the end of storage differed significantly, being the lowest in samples with benzoate-sorbate (1.69 ± 0.12 log cfu.g-1) and Laktocid (2.12 ± 0.12 log cfu.g-1). The final counts of lactic acid bacteria on day 45 were lower in the samples with benzoate-sorbate, triphosphates, nisin, and Laktocid (maximum 1.01 ± 1.44 log cfu.g-1). The amounts of yeasts at the end of storage did not differ among samples with different preservatives; none were detected in any samples with the exception of Defence JB (1.28 ± 1.90 log cfu.g-1). The lowest final mold count was observed in LWE with Laktocid (0.92 ± 1.29 log cfu.g-1). In conclusion, Laktocid showed great potential as a preservative; it had however a negative impact on pH value and the sensory properties of LWE.
Milk and dairy products constitute an important source of energy and nutrients for humans. Food preferences may significantly influence the actual consumption (and thus nutrition) of people at the population level. The objective of the present large-scale survey was to specify current preferences for milk and dairy products with regard to age and sex. The study was conducted across the Moravia region, Czech Republic, on a sample of 451 individuals divided into 4 age groups: children, adolescents, young adults, and elderly people. A graphic scale questionnaire was administered, with respondents rating their degree of preference for each food item by drawing a mark on a 35 mm line. Out of the 115 items in the questionnaire, 11 items represented dairy products. Data was analysed by means of a general linear model using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Preference for milk was lower in the elderly group than the other groups (P < 0.01). In children, the most preferred dairy product was cream, which was in contrast with the elderly group. Significant sex differences were only found with low-fat yoghurt (P < 0.01). The overall preference for dairy products (21.6) was lower than the average preference for all foods on the list (22.5). The cross-sectional study revealed intergenerational differences in preferences for specific dairy products, which were most marked in case of cream, processed cheese, blue cheese, and buttermilk. The knowledge of these differences might help promote more focused action at the community level directed at increasing the overall consumption of dairy products in the population.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mléčné výrobky * MeSH
- mléko * MeSH
- potraviny klasifikace MeSH
- preference v jídle * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Heavy metals with their potential haematotoxic effect can contribute to the risks of anaemia in children in the Central Asian Republics (CAR), where burden and exposure to these metals is still not sufficiently known and reported. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was performed in Central Asian countries in hospitals in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan with the aim to investigate the potential contribution of heavy metals to anaemia in children. In each country, 20 children were recruited, all were hospitalised with diagnosed anaemia. A sample of hair was taken from each child to assess the hair concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury. RESULTS: Relatively high levels of hair lead were observed, particularly in Kyrgyzstan. While lead and cadmium concentrations did not differ significantly among countries, mercury was lower in Kazakhstan than in Kyrgyzstan (p < 0.05) and Uzbekistan (p < 0.001). Hair lead and cadmium levels were significantly positively correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.51, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed higher than expected levels of hair lead, cadmium and mercury in anaemic children. Because iron deficiency anaemia is a major public health problem in CAR, further investigation of the extent of exposure to heavy metal and its contribution in iron deficiency anaemia in the region would be recommended.
- MeSH
- anemie z nedostatku železa epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hemoglobiny MeSH
- kadmium analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- olovo analýza MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rtuť analýza MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- vlasy, chlupy chemie MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- střední Asie MeSH
The aim of this study was to assess the quality of raw cow's milk from an automatic milking system. Samples of milk (48) were analyzed chemically and microbiologically and the somatic cell count, freezing point and inhibitor residues were determined. For comparison purposes, milk analysis data from two farms using conventional machine milking and 2008 milk analysis report data for the Czech Republic were used. All physical and chemical characteristics of the study samples were within the established limits. The average content (%) of chemical indicators was following: fat 3.79 ± 0.18, protein 3.46 ± 0.06, casein 2.67 ± 0.09, lactose 4.82 ± 0.04 and NFS 8.96 ± 0.11. The values for freezing point and somatic cells count were 221 ± 46.103·ml-1 and -0.521 ± 0.003 °C respectively. No inhibitor residue was detected in any of the samples. Microbiological values were lower than the limits: the total microbial count (2.3·104 CFU·ml-1), psychrotrophic count (6.3·103 CFU·ml-1), coliform count (2.4·101 CFU·ml-1), Escherichia coli count (3.2·101 CFU·ml-1), enterococci count (8.5·101 CFU·ml-1) and Staphylococcus aureus count (1.1·101 CFU·ml-1). The study provides a comprehensive view on the quality of milk produced by robotic milking. The automatic milking system seems to be excellent in terms of milking and milk hygiene
- Klíčová slova
- robotické dojení, somatické buňky,
- MeSH
- analýza potravin MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko * chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- tranzitní teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable method for determination of tablet coating thickness. Tablets were coated with polymeric Pharmacoat® 606 in a laboratory coater. The coating thickness was measured by near-IR absorption of the coating material using calibration. The calibration and validation results afforded the following parameters: determination coefficient R2 > 0.97, the number of factors 6 and the standard error of crossvalidation 5.4 ?m at the coating thickness 25–125 ?m. The obtained results confirmed suitability of the method for evaluation of coating quality.
Cílem této studie bylo vyvinout off-line metodu pro stanovení tloušťky obalu. Na povrch tvrdých hypromelosových tobolek se nanesly polymerní obaly Eudragit® L 12.5 a Eudragit® S 12.5 v obalovacím zařízení se spodním nástřikem typu Wurster. Referenční hodnoty tloušťky obalu pro kalibrační vzorky se získaly mikroskopickou analýzou. Kalibrační model byl vytvořen pomocí chemometrických metod (PLS algoritmus). Na základě výsledků kalibrace a validace byly získány následující parametry: koeficienty determinace R2 byly větší než 0,98 a chyba křížové validace byla 6,6 µm (pro tloušťky obalu v rozsahu 15–235 µm) pro EL film a 8,3 µm (pro tloušťky obalu v rozsahu 30–230 µm) pro ES film. Získané výsledky potvrzují vhodnost blízké infračervené spektroskopie při kontrole kvality procesu obalování ve farmaceutickém průmyslu.
The aim of this study was to develop the method for off-line determination of hard capsules coating thickness. The polymer films studied were Eudragit® L 12.5 and Eudragit® S 12.5 applied on hypromellose capsules surface in a bottom-spray fluid-bed coater equipped with a Wurster column. The coating thickness reference values for calibration were obtained from microscopic analysis. Calibration model was created using partial least squares regression with six factors for Eudragit® L film and five factors for Eudragit® S film. The calibration and validation results led to following parameters: determination coefficients R2 were more than 0.98 and standard error of cross validation was 6.6 µm (coat thickness range was 15–235 µm) for Eudragit® L film and 8.3 µm (coat thickness range was 30–230 µm) for Eudragit® S film, respectively. Obtained results confirmed suitability of near infrared spectroscopy for coating process quality control in pharmaceutical industry.
- MeSH
- imunologické faktory chemie MeSH
- laktoferrin chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
This study explores the biological validation of markers of acute stress in pigs subjected to transportation for slaughter. The stress markers selected for monitoring were neopterin and cortisol. Their levels in pig serum were measured for two porcine stress syndrome genotypes, NN and Nn, after a 30-min transport to a slaughterhouse. Blood samples were withdrawn before transport (control group) and immediately after the animals' arrival (experimental group). The values of neopterin and cortisol measured before the transport were 5.60±1.65 nmol/l and 273.54±66.17 nmol/l respectively. After the transfer, the concentration of cortisol rose significantly compared to the control (355.69±85.13 nmol/l, p<0.01). Neopterin concentrations in the serum (8.25±1.60 nmol/l) were also significantly higher (p<0.01) after transportation. The elevated concentrations of both analytes were found to be independent of the genotype. These results document the stimulation of the endocrine system and the immune system that develops in animals undergoing transportation for slaughter.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- doprava metody MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- fyziologický stres krev patofyziologie MeSH
- hydrokortison imunologie krev MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- jatka MeSH
- neopterin imunologie krev MeSH
- prasata krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
