The alteration in proteome composition induced by environmental changes and various pathologies is accompanied by the modifications of proteins by specific cotranslational and PTMs. The type and site stoichiometry of PTMs can affect protein functions, alter cell signaling, and can have acute and chronic effects. The particular interest is drawn to those amino acid residues that can undergo several different PTMs. We hypothesize that these selected amino acid residues are biologically rare and act within the cell as molecular switches. There are, at least, 12 various lysine modifications currently known, several of them have been shown to be competitive and they influence the ability of a particular lysine to be modified by a different PTM. In this review, we discuss the PTMs that occur on lysine, specifically neddylation and sumoylation, and the proteomic approaches that can be applied for the identification and quantification of these PTMs. Of interest are the emerging roles for these modifications in heart disease and what can be inferred from work in other cell types and organs.
- MeSH
- kardiomyocyty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin * analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- myokard patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci srdce metabolismus MeSH
- posttranslační úpravy proteinů * MeSH
- proteom analýza MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Nutritional quality of human and animal foodstuffs is determined by the content of essential amino acids. Barley is the fourth most important cereal of the world and the second most important cereal grown in the Czech Republic. Cereal grains such as barley contain insufficient levels of some essential amino acids, especially lysine. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase is the key enzyme involved in the regulatory step for lysine biosynthesis. Two constructs pBract214::sTPdapA and pBract214::mdapA containing the dapA gene from Escherichia coli coding for the bacterial dihydrodipicolinate synthase were used for transformation of barley. An Agrobacterium-mediated technique was used for transformation of immature embryos of spring barley cv. Golden Promise. Transgenic barley plants of the T0 and T1 generations were evaluated by PCR, real-time PCR, gel electrophoresis, and Western blot. Amino acid content was analyzed by HPLC after HCl hydrolysis. The lysine content in leaves of the T1 generation plant no. 5/5 was 50% higher than in wild-type plants; the lysine content in seeds of T2 generation plant no. 5/16 was 30% higher than in wild-type seeds of spring barley cv. Golden Promise.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- chromatografie iontoměničová MeSH
- dehydratasy biosyntéza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny chemie enzymologie genetika MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- ječmen (rod) chemie enzymologie genetika MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- lysin analýza metabolismus MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The work describes and compares different analytical approaches based on high performance separation methods developed for sensitive determination of clinically important collagen and elastin cross-links in various body fluids and tissues. As the most effective separation techniques for this reason were utilized high performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The suggested methods were validated and optimized for separation and quantitative analysis of pentosidine, pyridinolines and desmosines as one the most diagnostically useful biomarkers of connective tissue degradation. Successful application of the methods in clinical practice is documented by examples of such analyses using samples of patients with rheumatic and other metabolic diseases.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza chemie MeSH
- arginin analogy a deriváty analýza chemie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- chromatografie micelární elektrokinetická kapilární MeSH
- desmosin analýza chemie MeSH
- elastin MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kolagen MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin analogy a deriváty analýza chemie MeSH
- pojivová tkáň anatomie a histologie chemie MeSH
- produkty pokročilé glykace analýza chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The aim of this study is to determine whether and to which extent pentosidine (PEN) is influenced in the case of advanced osteoarthritis (OA) in urine and in some tissues. Reverse phase HPLC method for PEN determination with fluorescence monitoring was utilized. Urinary pentosidine (U-PEN) and pyridinoline (U-PD) were determined in the group (N=67, age 67.1+/-11.7 years) in patients with OA before and after surgery (knee or hip replacement), and in healthy age-matched controls (N=18, age 67.0+/-6.0 years). Cartilage, synovial membrane and granulation tissue were also treated. In OA group significantly higher (P<0.001) U-PEN concentrations before (7.5+/-5.1 nmol/mmol creat.) and after (4.9+/-2.6 nmol/mmol creat.) surgery were found. U-PD was not significantly different between the groups (62.5+/-33.0 and 55.0+/-29.51 nmol/mmol creat., respectively), but differed significantly (P<0.0002 and P<0.01) from healthy subjects (40.2+/-16.5 nmol/mmol creat.). In the newly formed granulation tissue, PEN concentrations are significantly lower than in cartilage and in synovial tissues.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza moč MeSH
- arginin analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- biologické markery analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- granulační tkáň chemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- osteoartróza chirurgie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná analýza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- synoviální tekutina chemie MeSH
- tělesné tekutiny chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- arginin analogy a deriváty analýza krev MeSH
- artróza kolenních kloubů krev metabolismus radiografie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix - proteiny analýza MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- glykoproteiny analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin analogy a deriváty analýza krev MeSH
- synoviální tekutina chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- chuť MeSH
- konzervace potravin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin analýza MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- arginin analýza MeSH
- běloši genetika MeSH
- DNA genetika MeSH
- faktor VIII genetika MeSH
- glutamáty analýza MeSH
- hemofilie A epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- kyselina glutamová MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin analýza MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- MeSH
- arginin * analýza MeSH
- běloši * genetika MeSH
- DNA genetika MeSH
- faktor VIII * genetika MeSH
- glutamáty * analýza MeSH
- hemofilie A epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- kyselina glutamová MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin * analýza MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- MeSH
- arginin analýza MeSH
- buněčné jádro MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- histidin analýza MeSH
- histony analýza MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- kyselina chlorovodíková MeSH
- ledviny MeSH
- lysin analýza MeSH
- myši embryologie MeSH
- nádorová transformace buněk MeSH
- nádorové proteiny analýza MeSH
- Polyomavirus růst a vývoj MeSH
- proteiny analýza MeSH
- thymus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- křečci praví MeSH
- myši embryologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
