Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci. The obtained isolates were confirmed as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using PCR. Antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence genes including enterotoxin encoding genes, and spa typing were performed. Among pre-clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 45.2% and on the fingerprints in 10.6% of the participants. Among clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 42.0% and on the fingerprints in 25.4%. Only one MRSA isolate was obtained. Genes seg and sei were the most frequently detected in both student groups, with their presence in over 40% of isolates among clinical students. The eta and etb genes were mainly detected from the nose in both student groups. In pre-clinical students, S. aureus carrying eta gene occurred in 6.4% and etb in 8.5%. In clinical students, the occurrence was 5.1% for eta and 8.5% for etb. The tst gene was identified only in the nose and fingerprints of the clinical student group. The most frequently observed resistance was to clindamycin and erythromycin. In total 58 different spa types were identified. High rates of asymptomatic MSSA carriage were observed in both groups of medical students. Detected MSSA strains showed a high degree of genetic variability, with a number of them carrying the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Although students do not exhibit increased risk to their patient's, increased hygiene is required in asymptomatic carriage personnel. The overall prevalence of MRSA was low, with a minimal risk of spread.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktory virulence * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika izolace a purifikace účinky léků klasifikace MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- přenašečství * mikrobiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * mikrobiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus * genetika izolace a purifikace účinky léků klasifikace MeSH
- studenti lékařství * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Infections caused by antibiotic-drug-resistant microorganisms are a major global health concern, and they result in millions of deaths every year. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of such drug-resistant microbial strains, and new and effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to combat infections caused by MRSA. In the search for effective anti-MRSA agents, the leaves of Citrus grandis (Rutaceae), also known as C. maxima, were investigated. Implementing a bioassay-guided approach, sinensetin (2), which is a polymethoxyflavone, was isolated as a promising anti-MRSA compound, showing inhibitory activity against three (EMRSA-15, MRSA340802 and MRSA274819; MIC values 128-256 μg/mL) of five MRSA strains tested in the present study. Five other flavonoids 6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (1), cirsilineol (3), nobiletin (4), 5-desmethylsinensetin (5) and hesperidin (6) were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of this plant. They displayed varied levels of antimicrobial activities against the tested microbial strains, Micrococcus luteus NCTC 7508, Escherichia coli NCTC 12241 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 12903, and a fungal strain, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, but not against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12981. Sinensetin (2) also exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the fungal strain C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.0625 mg/mL. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were unequivocally elucidated by spectroscopic means (1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS). The present study revealed sinensetin (2) as a potential structural template for generating structural analogues and developing anti-MRSA agents and provided scientific evidence supporting the traditional uses of C. grandis in the treatment of microbial infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- Citrus * chemie MeSH
- flavonoidy * farmakologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- listy rostlin * chemie MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Polymicrobial biofilms, the reason for most chronic wound infections, play a significant role in increasing antibiotic resistance. The in vivo effectiveness of the new anti-biofilm therapy is conditioned by the profound evaluation using appropriate in vitro biofilm models. Since nutrient availability is crucial for in vitro biofilm formation, this study is focused on the impact of four selected cultivation media on the properties of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. To reflect the wound environment, Tryptic soy broth, RPMI 1640 with and without glucose, and Lubbock medium were supplemented with different amounts of host effector molecules present in human plasma or sheep red blood cells. The study demonstrates that the Lubbock medium provided the most appropriate amount of nutrients regarding the biomass structure and the highest degree of tolerance to selected antimicrobials with the evident contribution of the biofilm matrix. Our results allow the rational employment of nutrition conditions within methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans dual-species biofilm formation in vitro for preclinical research. Additionally, one of the potential targets of a complex antibiofilm strategy, carbohydrates, was revealed since they are prevailing molecules in the matrices regardless of the cultivation media.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy * účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Candida albicans * účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kultivační média * farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- živiny metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Staphylococcus aures (S. aureus) je grampozitívny fakultatívne anaeróbny kok, ktorý je schopný vyvolať infekčné ochorenie zvierat aj ľudí. Zvlášť nebezpečné sú multirezistentné formy s nižšou, alebo aj žiadnou odpoveďou na dostupnú liečbu. Ciele: Cieľom práce je overiť vplyv enzybiotík v hojení S. aureus infikovaných kožných rán na exprimentálnom modeli prasiat. Metodika: Do pokusu boli zaradené dve prasatá, ktorým boli na chrbtovej oblasti vyrezané rany (10x/1prasa) o veľkosti 5x5 cm s 2 cm odstupmi. Rany boli infikované methicilin (Oxacilin) a amoxicilin resistentným kmeňom S. aureus baktérie (MRSA). Experimentálne skupiny pozostávali z jednotlivých rán, ktoré boli infikované jedným sekvenčným typom baktérie S. aureus v koncentrácii 2x10 9 CFU/ml. Dve rany ostali neliečené (N), štyri rany boli liečené hydrogélom doplneným lyzostatínom (L) a štyri boli liečené hydrogélom doplneným lyzostatínom a endolyzínom (LE). Následne boli na štvrtý, siedmy, jedenásty a štrnásty deň odoberané vzorky z jednotlivých rán. Materiál bol spracovaný štandardnou histologickou technikou formou parafinových bločkov a rezy boli farbené hematoxylínom-eozínom. Výsledky: Z výsledkov vyplýva, že ide o defekty s celým spektrom reparačných zmien s reepitelizáciou so striedaním úsekov nekróz a novovytvoreného granulačného tkaniva s doprevádzajúcim guľatobunečným zápalovým infiltrátom na podklade edematózneho tkaniva a povrchovými chrastami. Na povrchu rán a tiež v menších skupinkách v novovytvorenom granulačnom tkanive sú viditeľné kokovitné útvary charakteru S. aureus. V hydrogélových krytoch, ktoré obsahujú lyzostafín, alebo kombináciu lyzostafínu s endolyzínom sa porovnaním s neliečenými ranami zachytávajú väčšie množstvá kolónie S. aureus kokov, ktoré tu vo veľkej miere následne odumierajú. Záver: Enzybiotiká môžu mať potenciál v topickej terapii MRSA infikovaných kožných rán.
POZOR! při kopírování abstrakt kontrolovat slova na konci řádků originálu!!!
- MeSH
- enzymoterapie * metody MeSH
- hojení ran * účinky léků MeSH
- infekční nemoci kůže * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie zranění MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus * patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) represent a significant healthcare challenge, particularly in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the efficacy of a novel therapeutic approach combining bacteriophage (phage) therapy with a gum Karaya (GK)-based hydrogel delivery system in a porcine model of deep staphylococcal SSTIs. The study exploits the lytic activity and safety of the Staphylococcus phage 812K1/420 of the Kayvirus genus, which is active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The GK injectable hydrogels and hydrogel films, developed by our research group, serve as effective, non-toxic, and easy-to-apply delivery systems, supporting moist wound healing and re-epithelialization. In the porcine model, the combined treatment showed asynergistic effect, leading to a significant reduction in bacterial load (2.5 log CFU/gram of tissue) within one week. Local signs of inflammation were significantly reduced by day 8, with clear evidence of re-epithelialization and wound contraction. Importantly, no adverse effects of the GK-based delivery system were observed throughout the study. The results highlight the potential of this innovative therapeutic approach to effectively treat deep staphylococcal SSTIs, providing a promising avenue for further research and clinical application in the field of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
- MeSH
- fágová terapie * metody MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely * aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- infekce v ráně * terapie mikrobiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- rostlinné gumy chemie MeSH
- stafylokokové bakteriofágy MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * terapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis which is highly contagious, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Strep. pyogenes. The prevalence is highest among the little children attending daycare centers, the peak incidence is during summer and fall. Treatment of non-complicated infections involves topical antibiotics, in cases of systemic signs of infection, systemic oral antibiotic treatment is used. Impetigo is often self-limiting and resolves without scarring, the most common complication, especially during summer, is hyperpigmentation of the skin.
- MeSH
- aminoglykosidy terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- beta-laktamová antibiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologické markery analýza krev MeSH
- grampozitivní bakteriální infekce MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- způsoby aplikace léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Antibiotic resistance (ATBR) is increasing every year as the overuse of antibiotics (ATBs) and the lack of newly emerging antimicrobial agents lead to an efficient pathogen escape from ATBs action. This trend is alarming and the World Health Organization warned in 2021 that ATBR could become the leading cause of death worldwide by 2050. The development of novel ATBs is not fast enough considering the situation, and alternative strategies are therefore urgently required. One such alternative may be the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), a well-established antimicrobial agent actively used in a growing number of medical fields. Despite its efficiency, NTP alone is not always sufficient to completely eliminate pathogens. However, NTP combined with ATBs is more potent and evidence has been emerging over the last few years proving this is a robust and highly effective strategy to fight resistant pathogens. This minireview summarizes experimental research addressing the potential of the NTP-ATBs combination, particularly for inhibiting planktonic and biofilm growth and treating infections in mouse models caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The published studies highlight this combination as a promising solution to emerging ATBR, and further research is therefore highly desirable.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- biofilmy * účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši MeSH
- plazmové plyny * farmakologie MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce mikrobiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Antimicrobial resistance remains a global issue, hindering the control of bacterial infections. This study examined the antimicrobial properties of 2,3-N,N-diphenyl quinoxaline derivatives against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Mycobacterium species. Two quinoxaline derivatives (compounds 25 and 31) exhibited significant activity against most strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis tested, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/L. These compounds also showed effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium/E. faecalis (VRE) strains. They demonstrated comparable or superior activity to four current antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, and linezolid) against a wide range of clinically relevant isolates. Additionally, they were more effective in preventing S. aureus and E. faecalis biofilm formation compared to several other antibiotics. In summary, these two quinoxaline derivatives have potential as new antibacterial agents.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy * účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- chinoxaliny * farmakologie MeSH
- Enterococcus faecalis * účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí MeSH
- infekce získané v komunitě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- molekulární epidemiologie metody MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce dějiny etnologie genetika MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
