A series of conformationally constrained uridine-based nucleoside phosphonic acids containing annealed 1,3-dioxolane and 1,4-dioxane rings and their "open-structure" isosteres were synthesized and evaluated as potential multisubstrate-like inhibitors of the human recombinant thymidine phosphorylase (TP, EC 2.4.2.4) and TP obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). From a large set of tested nucleoside phosphonic acids, several potent compounds were identified that exhibited Ki values in the range of 0.048-1 μM. The inhibition potency of the studied compounds strongly depended on the degree of conformational flexibility of the phosphonate moiety, the stereochemical arrangement of the sugar-phosphonate component, and the substituent at position 5 of the pyrimidine nucleobase.

• MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• pyrimidinové nukleosidy farmakologie   MeSH
• thymidinfosforylasa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANP) are virostatics effective against viruses like hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Our previous reports indicated immunomodulatory activities of ANP in mouse and human innate immune cells. Recently, evidence has increased that hepatocytes may play an active role in immune regulation of the liver homeostasis or injury. In this study we investigated possible immunomodulatory effects of ANP on rat hepatocytes and macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) production and secretion of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF) were analyzed under in vitro conditions. Test compounds included: 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA; adefovir); 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP); (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine [(R)-PMPA; tenofovir] and [(S)-PMPA]; 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine [(R)-PMPDAP] and [(S)-PMPDAP]. The group of test compounds also included their N(6)-substituted derivatives. Some of ANP which are able to induce NO production and cytokine secretion in cultured macrophages possess the same immunobiological activity in isolated hepatocytes. The extent of responses is in range of LPS/IFN-γ stimulation in both types of cells. The effects of active ANP on NO expression and cytokine secretion are dose- and time-dependent. Interestingly, the spectrum of detected cytokines induced by ANP is broader in hepatocytes. The results also confirm immunomodulatory effects of some ANP on rodent macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time immunobiological reactivity of primary rat hepatocytes induced by exogenous ANP compounds. The potential of hepatocytes to synthesize cytokines can contribute to better understanding of liver immune function and can serve for pharmacological intervention in liver diseases.

• MeSH
• cytokiny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatocyty účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• makrofágy účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nukleotidy cyklické imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ II imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The mode of inhibition of endplate currents by four esters of 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl phosphonic acid with different lipophilicities and molecule lengths were estimated by mathematical modeling based on previous electrophysiological data supplemented by several experiments with rhythmic stimulation. The aim was to discriminate between their receptor and non-receptor effects. It was shown that all esters have a two-component mechanism of depression: inhibition of the receptor open channel and allosteric modulation of the receptor-channel complex. The ratio of both functional components depends on the length and lipophilicity of the esters. Short and less lipophilic esters mostly act as open channel inhibitors and the rate of inhibition substantially depends on the rate of stimulation, i. e. probability of the receptor-channel opening. As the length of the ester radicals and their lipophilicity increased, these compounds were more active as allosteric receptor inhibitors, probably hindering the function of nAChRs from the lipid annulus.

• MeSH
• alosterická regulace účinky léků   MeSH
• cholinergní antagonisté farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité farmakologie   MeSH
• membránové potenciály účinky léků   MeSH
• nervosvalová ploténka účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Rana pipiens MeSH
• Ranidae fyziologie   MeSH
• receptory cholinergní metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A series of new monophosphates of 1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkyl]thymines, such as PMPTp(,) 3-MeO-PMPTp, HPMPTp, and FPMPTp, were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit human thymidine phosphorylase. Kinetic measurements of enzyme activity were performed using thymidine and inorganic phosphate as the substrates. The data show that some monophosphates provide a considerable increase of the multisubstrate inhibitory effect. The highest inhibitory potency was found with (R)-FPMPTp 4c (K (i) (dT) = 4.09 ± 0.47 μM, K (i)(P(i)) = 2.13 ± 0.29 μM) and (R) 3-MeO-PMPTp 4d (K (i) (dT) = 5.78 ± 0.71 μM, K (i)(P(i)) = 2.71 ± 0.37 μM).

• MeSH
• Cricetulus MeSH
• fosfáty MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• křečci praví MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemická syntéza   chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• thymidin MeSH
• thymidinfosforylasa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• thymin analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• křečci praví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Novel compounds termed lipophosphonoxins were prepared using a simple and efficient synthetic approach. The general structure of lipophosphonoxins consists of four modules: (i) a nucleoside module, (ii) an iminosugar module, (iii) a hydrophobic module (lipophilic alkyl chain), and (iv) a phosphonate linker module that holds together modules i-iii. Lipophosphonoxins displayed significant antibacterial properties against a panel of Gram-positive species, including multiresistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the best inhibitors were in the 1-12 μg/mL range, while their cytotoxic concentrations against human cell lines were significantly above this range. The modular nature of this artificial scaffold offers a large number of possibilities for further modifications/exploitation of these compounds.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• erytroidní prekurzorové buňky cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• fetální krev MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• nukleosidy chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The antiviral effect of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate tenofovir (R)-PMPA on double-stranded DNA Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in Brassica pekinensis plants grown in vitro on liquid medium was evaluated. Double antibody sandwich ELISA and PCR were used for relative quantification of viral protein and detecting nucleic acid in plants. (R)-PMPA at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/l significantly reduced CaMV titers in plants within 6-9 weeks to levels detectable neither by ELISA nor by PCR. Virus-free plants were obtained after 3-month cultivation of meristem tips on semisolid medium containing 50 mg/l (R)-PMPA and their regeneration to whole plants in the greenhouse. Studying the metabolism of (R)-PMPA in B. pekinensis revealed that mono- and diphosphate, structural analogs of NDP and/or NTP, are the only metabolites formed. The data indicate very low substrate activity of the enzymes toward (R)-PMPA as substrate. The extent of phosphorylation in the plant's leaves represents only 4.5% of applied labeled (R)-PMPA. In roots, we detected no radioactive peaks of phosphorylated metabolites of (R)-PMPAp or (R)-PMPApp.

• MeSH
• adenin analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• antivirové látky metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• Brassica metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• Caulimovirus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA virů analýza   MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• virová nálož MeSH
• virové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Multimodal imaging-therapeutic nanoprobe TiO(2)@RhdGd was prepared and successfully used for in vitro and in vivo cell tracking as well as for killing of cancer cells in vitro. TiO(2) nanoparticles were used as a core for phosphonic acid modified functionalities, responsible for contrast in MRI and optical imaging. The probe shows high (1)H relaxivity and relaxivity density values. Presence of fluorescent dye allows for visualization by means of fluorescence microscopy. The applicability of the probe was studied, using mesenchymal stem cells, cancer HeLa cells, and T-lymphocytes. The probe did not exhibit toxicity in any of these systems. Labeled cells were successfully visualized in vitro by means of fluorescence microscopy and MRI. Furthermore, it was shown that the probe TiO(2)@RhdGd can be changed into a cancer cell killer upon UV light irradiation. The above stated results represent a valuable proof of a principle showing applicability of the probe design for diagnosis and therapy.

• MeSH
• afinitní značky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• gadolinium MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• komplexní sloučeniny chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• léky antitumorózní - screeningové testy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanočástice MeSH
• T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• titan chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Series of novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) with various nucleobases and 2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl (PEE) chain bearing various substituents in β-position to the phosphonate moiety were prepared. The influence of structural alternations on antiviral activity was studied. Several derivatives exhibit antiviral activity against HIV and vaccinia virus (middle micromolar range), HSV-1 and HSV-2 (lower micromolar range) and VZV and CMV (nanomolar range), although the parent unbranched PEE-ANPs are inactive. Adenine as a nucleobase and the methyl group attached to the PEE chain proved to be a prerequisite to afford pronounced antiviral activity.

• MeSH
• antivirové látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• herpes simplex farmakoterapie   MeSH
• HIV infekce farmakoterapie   MeSH
• HIV účinky léků   MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nukleosidy chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Simplexvirus účinky léků   MeSH
• vakcínie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• virové nemoci farmakoterapie   MeSH
• virus vakcinie účinky léků   MeSH
• viry účinky léků   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

An efficient method for the synthesis of N(9)-[3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] (FPMP) derivatives of purine bases has been developed. Both (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of the N(6)-substituted FPMP derivatives of adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine were prepared and their anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) activity was evaluated. Whereas none of the 6-substituted FPMPA derivatives showed any antiviral activity, several FPMPDAP derivatives had a moderate antiretroviral activity. Moreover, the data obtained from the study of the substrate activity of the active derivatives towards N(6)-methyl-AMP aminohydrolase support the notion that the studied N(6)-substituted FPMPDAP derivatives act as prodrugs of the antiretroviral FPMPG analogues.

• MeSH
• 2-aminopurin analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• adenin analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• antivirové látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buňky 3T3 MeSH
• HIV-1 účinky léků   MeSH
• HIV-2 účinky léků   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Moloneyho virus myšího sarkomu účinky léků   MeSH
• myši inbrední C3H MeSH
• myši MeSH
• puriny chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Structurally diverse, sugar-modified, thymine-containing nucleoside phosphonic acids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit thymidine phosphorylase (TP, EC 2.4.2.4) purified from spontaneous T-cell lymphomas of an inbred Sprague-Dawley rat strain. From a large set of tested compounds, among them a number of pyrrolidine-based derivatives, 10 nucleotide analogues with IC(50) values below 1 microM were selected. Out of them, four compounds strongly inhibited the enzyme with IC(50) values lying in a range of 11-45 nM. These most potent compounds might be bi-substrate analogues.

• MeSH
• inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyseliny fosforité chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfom T-buněčný enzymologie   MeSH
• nukleosidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• thymidinfosforylasa antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH