- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring * instrumentation MeSH
- Radon analysis toxicity MeSH
- Community Participation * MeSH
- Air Pollution, Indoor MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Track-etched detectors are commonly used also for radiation monitoring onboard International Space Station. To be registered in track-etched detectors, the particle needs to meet several criteria-it must have linear energy transfer above the detection threshold and strike the detector's surface under an angle higher than the so-called critical angle. Linear energy transfer is then estimated from calibration curve from the etch rate ratio V that is calculated from parameters of individual tracks appearing on the detector's surface after chemical etching. It has been observed that V can depend on the incident angle and this dependence can vary for different detector materials, etching and evaluating conditions. To investigate angular dependence, detectors (Harzlas TD-1) were irradiated at HIMAC by several ions under angles from 0° to 90°. The correction accounting not only for critical angle but also for dependence of V on the incident angle is introduced and applied to spectra measured onboard International Space Station.
- MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Ions MeSH
- Calibration MeSH
- Spacecraft * MeSH
- Cosmic Radiation MeSH
- Space Flight instrumentation MeSH
- Linear Energy Transfer MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation methods MeSH
- Thermoluminescent Dosimetry instrumentation methods MeSH
- Heavy Ions * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The Exradin W1 plastic scintillator (Standard Imaging) was examined for measurement suitability in high-energy photon beams, high-energy electron beams and tomotherapy in terms of dose to water for reference fields. For photon beams, pulse repetition rate dependence, calibration stability, noise from the photodiode enclosure, detector motion during treatment, output factors, off-axis doses and percentage depth doses were tested. For electron and tomotherapy beams, energy non-dependence was verified. All features make the detector suitable in small and non-standards fields, and for electron beams.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation methods standards MeSH
- Plastics chemistry MeSH
- Radiotherapy instrumentation MeSH
- Scintillation Counting instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The extraction of dissolved radon from water to gas is the most common way to measure radon concentration in water continuously. The response delay of continuous radon-in-water detection system (continuous monitor + equilibrator) is influenced by the response time of the continuous monitor and a rate of an establishment of equilibrium in the equilibrator (exchanger unit). Two types of equilibrators were used in performed experiments to compare the response time of various detection systems-RAD AQUA that uses water spraying and equilibrator with ACCUREL® PP membrane that enables radon diffusion. Each of these was connected to the continuous monitor RAD7 or RM-3. The response delay after turning on the water flow through the equilibrator was determined. The fastest detection system was RAD7 + RAD AQUA that was subsequently tested during the insitu measurement of thermal water in the healing spa and water sources near Cheb and České Budějovice.
- MeSH
- Laboratories standards MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation methods MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis MeSH
- Radon analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) is a phenomenon that enhances radiation background on the ground related to thunderstorm activity and charge structure of the thundercloud. On the other hand, the rise of gamma background is connected with precipitation by the washout of radon progeny from the atmosphere. In our analysis, we examined known enhancements of gamma background, previously attributed solely to radon progeny, using data from the Czech Radiation Monitoring Network (RMN) to investigate the enhancements with respect to thunderstorms and TGE phenomena. We also used radar precipitation data and data from the lightning location network to analyze their influences on the radiation background enhancement during three thunderstorm events that occurred in summer 2016 over the Czech Republic (Central Europe). We state that the RMN might have detected TGE over the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Atmosphere MeSH
- Radon Daughters analysis MeSH
- Rain * MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation methods MeSH
- Weather * MeSH
- Radon analysis MeSH
- Seasons MeSH
- Gamma Rays MeSH
- Geography MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using detectors based on LaBr3(Ce) scintillation crystal as part of gamma spectrometry systems for field use and possibly as part of a monitoring network around nuclear power plants, i.e. whether LaBr3(Ce) detectors can follow the classical scintillation detectors based on NaI (Tl). For this purpose, the Monte Carlo simulation of the IPROL-1 probe response was performed in the simplified geometry of the radionuclides-contaminated atmosphere. A study shows that a LaBr3(Ce)-based probe is usable for this purpose and results are at least comparable to those with a conventional NaI (Tl)-based probe.
- MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Fukushima Nuclear Accident MeSH
- Nuclear Power Plants * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Monte Carlo Method MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation methods MeSH
- Computer Simulation * MeSH
- Radiation Exposure analysis MeSH
- Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis MeSH
- Gamma Rays MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The article discusses an autonomous and flexible robotic system for radiation monitoring. The detection part of the system comprises two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors: one of these is collimated to allow directionally sensitive measurements and the other is used to calculate the dose rate and provides sufficient sensitivity. Special algorithms for autonomous operation of an unmanned ground vehicle were developed, utilizing radiation characteristics acquired by the implemented detection system. The system was designed to operate in three modes: radiation mapping, localization of discrete sources and inspection of a region of interest. All of the modes were verified experimentally. In the localization mode, the time required to localize ionizing radiation sources was reduced by half compared to the field mapping mode exploiting parallel trajectories; the localization accuracy remained the same. In the inspection mode, the desired functionality was achieved, and the changes in the sources arrangement were detected reliably in the experiments.
- MeSH
- Algorithms * MeSH
- Radiation, Ionizing * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation MeSH
- Robotics methods MeSH
- Scintillation Counting instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
This paper reports on the structure of the autonomous station for monitoring artificial gamma activity in surface water bodies for the purposes of emergency preparedness of the Czech Republic. A simple design based on the NaI(Tl) submersible detector powered by a combined solar and wind source has been employed. Data transfer is provided by a satellite connection. The detection capabilities of the device have been tested for various unfavourable conditions, and the detection limits have been lowered by using the noise adjustment singular value decomposition (NASVD) method. The detection capabilities of the device fulfil the legal requirements for emergency monitoring, and are almost equal to the detection capabilities of other available devices with a more complicated and less versatile structure.
The determination of the presence of artificial radionuclides in the air is mainly accomplished by using gamma spectrometry analysis of filter samples. This work suggests very fast, reliable and efficient methods for tentative quantitative determination of the activity of artificial nuclides such as transuranic elements, strontium, yttrium, etc. in the air based only on the gross alpha and beta volume activity. The main aspect of these methods is to provide information about approximate results for the gross alpha and beta activity of air filters, thus it is convenient as a triage technique. Unlike gamma spectrometry, the methods are not qualitative but it allows the preliminary estimation of the presence of non-natural radionuclides. The influence of increment of the dust layer on self-absorption of alpha/beta particles was also studied. The methods are particularly suitable for screening situations where radionuclide identification is not necessary.
The evaluation of different components of secondary radiation (charged fragments and neutrons) onboard ISS is described. Solid-state nuclear track detectors CR-39™ were applied for the measurements of short-range nuclear fragments, while the measurements of neutrons were carried out by means of thermo-luminescent dosimeters with various concentrations of 6Li and 7Li. The flux of charged secondaries and the gamma-equivalent neutron dose are presented in function of the low-LET dose in various modules of the Russian segment of ISS.
