The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of smokers and ex-smokers in the older diabetes population in Europe and to evaluate the relationship with various sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors. This epidemiological study used Wave 8 of the multidisciplinary and cross-national SHARE database, which includes cross-sectional data on health, socio-economic status and social and family networks of individuals aged 50 and over from 27 European countries. Among the 6,903 participants with diabetes, 12.2% were current smokers, 29.9% were former smokers and 57.9% had never smoked. Among countries' diabetes populations, the highest prevalence of ex-smokers (57.6%) with a low prevalence of smokers (9.5%) was seen in the Netherlands. The highest prevalence of never-smokers (84.2%) was found in Latvia, with the lowest prevalence of ex-smokers (7.9%). Austria had the highest prevalence of current smokers (17.9%) along with a below-average prevalence of ex-smokers (26.5%) was seen in Austria. Normal weight, being overweight, lower education, living without a partner, living in larger cities, drinking alcohol in the last 7 days, lower age, and being male were associated with a higher risk of being a current smoker. The study shows high prevalence of smoking among the older diabetes population in Europe and provides data on the association of smoking with several risk factors and country-specific differences in smoking prevalence.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Background and Objectives: There is little information on changes in the process and outcomes of intensive tobacco dependence treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following characteristics were evaluated: interest in treatment, the number of face-to-face or telephone follow-ups, the duration of pharmacotherapy use, and the success rate. The aim of our study was to compare the number of patients who entered tobacco dependence treatment programmes and evaluate the one-year success rate in patients three years before and three years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A single-site retrospective cohort study using data from patients treated at the Centre for Tobacco Dependence in Prague, Czech Republic, between 2017 and 2022 (n = 2039) was performed. The one-year abstinence rate was validated by measuring carbon monoxide in exhaled air (6 ppm cut-off). Patients were divided into two groups: the group for which treatment was initiated in 2017-2019 (i.e., before the COVID-19 pandemic, BC; n= 1221) and the group for which treatment was initiated in 2020-2022 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic, DC; n = 818). Results: No significant differences in the success rate of tobacco dependence treatment were found between the two groups (BC group, 40.5% (494/1221) vs. DC group, 42.2% (345/818)) (χ2 (1, N = 2.039) = 0.6, p = 0.440). Furthermore, differences were not found in sex, education level, age at first cigarette, the duration of pharmacotherapy use, or the number of in-person visits. In contrast, there was an increase in the number of telephone contacts between the groups (18.7% (SD = 17.5%) vs. 32.9% (SD = 18.2%), p < 0.001). Conclusions: The number of patients who started treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased by one-third compared to that during the 3-year period before the pandemic. The overall treatment success rate did not change significantly even with the increase in the number of telephone visits with the therapist.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * terapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the frequency of smoking cessation and to identify the factors affecting smoking cessation success among individuals seeking assistance at a smoking cessation centre. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,570 individuals who applied to the smoking cessation centre in Izmir, Turkey, between 2009 and 2018, and completed three follow-ups. Data were obtained from the centre's records. Factors affecting smoking cessation success were analysed using logistic regression in multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median age to start smoking was 19 (17-22), and the median number of cigarettes consumed per day was 20 (20-30). Among the participants, 59.9% exhibited a high/very high level of nicotine dependence, and 79.6% had attempted to quit smoking previously. The median number of patient follow-ups was 7 (5-10). Of the patients, 34.0% successfully quit smoking for one year. According to the multivariate analysis results, smoking cessation success increased with being married by 2.26 times (95% CI: 1.51-3.38, p < 0.001), the absence of other smokers in the household by 1.38 times (95% CI: 1.01-1.88, p = 0.04), having a low level of nicotine dependence by 1.75 times (95% CI: 1.23-2.48, p = 0.002), and more patient follow-ups by 1.61 times (95% CI: 1.52-1.72, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation success is increased by the support and follow-up provided by healthcare professionals, the absence of other smokers in the household, and a low level of nicotine dependency.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odvykání kouření * statistika a číselné údaje   metody   MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH

OBJECTIVE: While some countries of the WHO European Region are global leaders in tobacco control, the Newly Independent States (NIS) have the highest tobacco-smoking prevalence globally and a relatively low overall level of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) implementation. An abridged version of the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model has been developed to project the health impact of implementing tobacco-control policies in line with the WHO FCTC. METHODS: Data on population size, smoking prevalence, policy-specific effect sizes and formulas were applied in 11 NIS - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The aim was to project the relative reduction in smoking prevalence, number of smokers and number of smoking-attributable deaths resulting from implementing six individual and/or combined WHO FCTC measures. RESULTS: An increase in excise cigarette taxes to 75% of price yields the largest relative reduction in smoking prevalence (range 12.1-44%) for all countries. The projections show that when all six tobacco control measures are fully implemented in line with the WHO FCTC, smoking prevalence in each of the NIS countries can be reduced by at least 39% by the year 2033 (baseline 2015). CONCLUSION: The projections show that the NIS countries can expect a large number of smoking-attributable deaths just among those smokers alive today, but large reductions in smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths can be achieved if the WHO FCTC demand reduction policies are implemented. The results can be used as an advocacy tool for accelerating enforcement of tobacco control laws in NIS.

• MeSH
• daně zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obchod MeSH
• odvykání kouření statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prevence kouření zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• užívání tabáku zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zdravotní politika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Běloruská republika MeSH
• Rusko MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

S účinnosťou od 1. 7. 2013 s novelou zákona o ochrane nefajčiarov vstúpil do platnosti zákaz fajčenia v zdravotníckych zariadeniach, s výnimkou fajčiarní na psychiatrických oddeleniach. Prax nám ale ukazuje, že so zákazom sa fajčiari z nemocníc nevytratili. Prierezovo sme na 275 lôžkach deviatich somatických oddelení a 36 lôžkach psychiatrického oddelenia realizovali výskum fajčenia. Sústredili sme sa na prevalenciu fajčenia a u aktuálnych fajčiarov aj na otázky zvládania odvykacích prejavov, motivácie či bariér v ukončovaní fajčenia. Osobitne nás zaujímalo, ako vyzerá manažment fajčiarov na lôžkach (podľa ABC modelu). Výsledný súbor tvorilo 149 pacientov a sprevádzajúcich osôb somatických oddelení a 33 psychiatrických pacientov. Výskyt aktuálneho fajčenia (t. j. posledných 30 dní) sa na somatických lôžkach všeobecnej nemocnice pohybuje od 0 % do 23 % (priemer 8 %), na psychiatrickom oddelení 53 %. Časť pacientov podľa očakávania pokračuje vo fajčení aj počas hospitalizácie. Požiadavka na liečbu sa u pacientov na psychiatrickom oddelení a vo zvyšku nemocnice líši (59 % vs. 25 %). Iba časť pacientov (40 %) je na somatických lôžkach dopytovaná ohľadom fajčenia (krok A manažmentu). K ponuke ukončenia fajčenia podľa očakávania nedochádza (krok C). Pre ďalší výskum navrhujeme ako možnosť realizáciu multicentrickej štúdie, ktorá by spresnila a zovšeobecnila výsledky tohto výskumu. Pre prax navrhujeme vytvorenie a zavedenie štandardných postupov pre ambulantné aj ústavné zariadenia, ktoré nebudú problematiku fajčenia vnímať ako zlozvyk, a budú zohľadňovať odlišnú právnu situáciu pacientov psychiatrických a somatických zariadení; nutné je personálne, finančné a technické zabezpečenie, rovnako tak boj s bariérami, ktoré bránia pacientom žiadať o liečbu.

Since July 1, 2013 a ban on smoking in health care facilities became real when a new amendment of the Act on Tobacco Protection came into force, with the exception of smoking rooms in psychiatric wards. Smokers did not disappear from hospitals however, as we can see from daily routine. We conducted a cross-sectional survey research covering 275 beds of nine different departments of somatic medicine and 36 psychiatric beds. We focused on prevalence of smoking, and on questions about coping with withdrawal symptoms, motivation and barriers in smoking cessation in actual smokers. Especially we were interested about getting a real picture of the management of smokers in our hospital setting (according to the ABC model). The final sample consisted of 149 patients and accompanying persons of the somatic wards and 33 patients of the psychiatric ward. The point prevalence of actual smoking (defined as last 30 days use) ranged from O % to 23 % (average 8 %) in the somatic wards of the general hospital, 53 % in the psychiatric ward. As expected, a share of patients continues to smoke during hospitalization. There was a difference in the level of treatment demand between patients of the psychiatric and the somatic wards (59 % and 25 %, respectively). Only a minor part of the patients (40 %) is asked about smoking during hospital stay at somatic wards (step A of the ABC model of management). None of the actual smokers was offered smoking cessation support (step C). For research purposes we propose the realization of a multicentre study to add more detailed and more general information to this study. For practice we propose the development and implementation of guidelines for outpatient as well as inpatient settings, refusing the notion of smoking as a vice, and reflecting a different legal situation of patients in psychiatric and somatic facilities; a personal, financial and technical support is required, so is the tackling the barriers in the treatment demand.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   psychologie   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• kuřáci * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pacienti MeSH
• příznaky a symptomy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Most people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost-effectiveness. We examined whether early large postcessation weight gain predicts overall large weight gain. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Primary care setting-smoking cessation centre in Prague, Czech Republic. PARTICIPANTS: Out of 3537 patients treated between 2005 and 2013, 1050 were continuous abstainers (verified by carbon monoxide measurement) at 1-year follow-up and formed the cohort of the current report. 48.7% were women (n=511) with the mean age of 46 (±14.4) years. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, all patients underwent usual tobacco dependence treatment using evidence-based methods. Weight was measured prior to smoking cessation and at each visit after quitting. RESULTS: The mean weight gain in the first month (n=763) was 0.79% (±2.03%), in the second month (n=646) was 1.49% (±2.58%), for the third month (n=566) 2.33% (±3.44%) and 4.1% (±5.31%) after 1-year follow-up (n=1050). The regression coefficient per 1% rise in the first 3 months was +0.13% (95% CI -0.04% to 0.30%). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that patients gaining more than 0.98% of their baseline weight during first 3 months had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 44% for gaining 7% or more weight by 12 months. In addition, lower body mass index and an increase in appetite at 3 months after quitting were associated with greater weight gain, while using nicotine replacement therapy was associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: People who stop smoking and gain a larger amount of weight early after quitting are not more likely to gain excessively at 1 year.

• MeSH
• chuť k jídlu účinky léků   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek účinky léků   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• látky pro odvykání kouření farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha * diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nikotin farmakologie   MeSH
• odvykání kouření * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• kouření ekonomika   epidemiologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kuřáci * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• tabákové výrobky ekonomika   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH

Kontext: Zanechání kouření je potenciálně nejúčinnějším opatřením v rámci sekundární prevence a po akutním infarktu myokardu s elevacemi úseku ST (STEMI) sice zlepšuje prognózu, nicméně více než polovina pacientů po STEMI nadále kouří. Bylo prokázáno, že povědomí o závažnosti onemocnění a krátkodobý pobyt v nemocnici po zařazujícím STEMI jsou spojeny s kuřáctvím přetrvávajícím i po STEMI. Cíl: Zhodnotit paradoxní vztah mezi procenty osob, které zanechaly kouření, a skóre kvality života v souvislosti se zdravím (health-related quality of life, QOL) u nemocného se STEMI, u něhož byla provedena primární perkutánní koronární intervence (pPCI) radiálním (radial access, RA) versus femorálním přístupem (femoral access, FA). Metody: Do naší studie bylo zařazeno 138 pacientů se STEMI, u nichž byla provedena pPCI s použitím FA nebo RA. Byla stanovena procenta osob, které zanechaly kouření, a vypočítána skóre QOL. Výsledky: Pacienti ve skupině s RA (46 osob, 57 ± 9 let, 87 % mužů) měli v prvním týdnu po pPCI vyšší skóre v dotazníku European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) oproti skupině FA (92 pacientů, 57 ± 8 let, 75 % mužů [FA: medián 0,81 (0,22) vs. RA: 1 (0,22); p = 0,042]), i když při vstupním vyšetření byly hodnoty podobné (FA: medián 1 [0] vs. RA: 1 [0]; p = 0,992). Celková délka pobytu v nemocnici (RA: medián 3 [1] dny vs. FA: 4 [1]; p < 0,001) byla ve skupině RA významně kratší. Zatímco procento osob, které do jednoho roku po propuštění z nemocnice zanechaly kouření, dosáhlo ve skupině RA hodnoty 41 %, ve skupině FA to bylo 67 % (p = 0,003). Nezávislými prediktory pokračování v kouření po STEMI byly ženské pohlaví, doba od nástupu bolesti do dveří, a použití RA během pPCI. Závěr: Tato studie prokázala, že procento osob, které zanechaly kouření, je ve skupině RA ve srovnání se skupinou FA nižší. Vyšší míra pohodlí při léčbě STEMI s použitím RA může být spojena s menším povědomím o závažnosti onemocnění a nižší motivací k zanechání kouření. Proto je třeba se při každé návštěvě pacienta u lékaře pacienta dotazovat, zda kouří, zvláště u pacientů po prodělané pPCI s použitím radiálního přístupu.

Background: Smoking cessation is potentially the most effective secondary prevention measure and improves prognosis after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but more than half of the patients continue to smoke after STEMI. The awareness of the disease's severity and the short hospital stay at the index STEMI have been found to be associated with persistent smoking after STEMI. Objective: To assess whether the paradoxical relationship between smoking quitting rates and health-related quality of life (QOL) scores in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) by radial ( RA) versus femoral approach (FA). Methods: Our population is represented by 138 STEMI patients undergoing pPCI by FA or RA. The smoking cessation rates and QOL scores were evaluated. Results: Patients at RA group (46 patients,57 ± 9 years, 87% male) had a higher European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index score at post-PCI first week compared to FA group (92 patients, 57±8 years, 75% male) (FA: median 0.81 [0.22] vs. RA: 1 [0.22], p = 0.042), although it was similar at baseline (FA: median 1 [0] vs. RA: 1 [0], p = 0.992). Total hospital length of stay (RA: median 3 [1] day vs. FA: 4 [1], p < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the RA group. Whereas the smoking cessation rates at one-year post-discharge were 41% in RA group, it was 67% in FA group (p = 0.003). Female sex, pain-to-door time and RA during p-PCI were independent predictors of continued smoking after STEMI. Conclusion: This study shows that the smoking cessation was lower in RA group compared to FA group. The more comfortable conditions of STEMI management related to RA may cause a lower awareness of the disease severity and lower motivation to quit smoking. Therefore, it is important to inquire about smoking status at each clinical encounter, particularly in patients undergoing pPCI by the radial approach.

• MeSH
• arteria femoralis chirurgie   MeSH
• arteria radialis chirurgie   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu s elevacemi ST úseků mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• koronární angioplastika * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Negative health effects have been associated with the changes in lifestyles in relation with the low income of population. Consequently, in our study we investigated the frequency changes of alcohol and smoke consumption, physical activity, and quality of life in families of Marche Region in Central Italy. METHODS: In the period 2016-2017, an anonymous questionnaire has been distributed to junior highschool students of Camerino, Fabriano, and Civitanova Marche of Marche Region. The Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA), was used to assess subjective quality of life. RESULTS: Data obtained in this research were used to analyze lifestyle changes, specifically those involving alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity, and to assess perceived general quality of life. In all categories of population, an increase of frequency in alcohol consumption was observed. On the contrary, for the tobacco smoke we observed a reduction in particular in the parents category. The MANSA mean value was 4.5 with a Standard Deviation of 1.3. CONCLUSIONS: As underlighted, also, by results of the MANSA test we can hypothesize a reduction in the family income produces a change of lifestyles.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ekonomická recese * MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: In Hungary, 37% of women living in poverty were smokers in 2012. There are no valid data of pregnant women's spontaneous smoking cessation. METHODS: Our retrospective cohort study (2009-2012) targeted the most underdeveloped regions with an estimated 6-8.5% of Roma population. The sample (N = 12,552) represented 76% of the target population i.e. women in four counties in a year delivering live born babies. Chi-square probe and multivariable logistic regression model (p < 0.05) were used to assess relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and spontaneous cessation. RESULTS: Prior to pregnancy, the overall smoking rate was 36.8%. That of women in deep poverty and Roma was 49.7% and 51.1%, respectively. 70.3% of smokers continued smoking during the pregnancy. Among them 80.6% lived in deep poverty. Spontaneous quitting rate was 23.0%. Factors correlated with continued smoking included being Roma (OR = 1.95), undereducated (OR = 2.66), living in homes lacking amenities (OR = 1.48), and having regularly smoking partner (OR = 2.07). Cessation was promoted by younger age (≤ 18 years) (OR = 0.18), being married (OR = 0.50), and the first pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Tailored cessation programmes are needed for Roma, older, low-income, and multiparous women who are less likely to quit on their own. Engaging husbands/partners is essential to reduce smoking among pregnant women and second-hand smoke exposure.

• MeSH
• chudoba * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH