This longitudinal study investigated the effect of experience with tactile stimulation on infants' ability to reach to targets on the body, an important adaptive skill. Infants were provided weekly tactile stimulation on eight body locations from 4 to 8 months of age (N = 11), comparing their ability to reach to the body to infants in a control group who did not receive stimulation (N = 10). Infants who received stimulation were more likely to successfully reach targets on the body than controls by 7 months of age. These findings indicate that tactile stimulation facilitates the development of reaching to the body by allowing infants to explore the sensorimotor correlations emerging from the stimulation.
- MeSH
- hmat fyziologie MeSH
- hmatová percepce * fyziologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj dítěte * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Accurately predicting contact between our bodies and environmental objects is paramount to our evolutionary survival. It has been hypothesized that multisensory neurons responding both to touch on the body, and to auditory or visual stimuli occurring near them-thus delineating our peripersonal space (PPS)-may be a critical player in this computation. However, we lack a normative account (i.e., a model specifying how we ought to compute) linking impact prediction and PPS encoding. Here, we leverage Bayesian Decision Theory to develop such a model and show that it recapitulates many of the characteristics of PPS. Namely, a normative model of impact prediction (i) delineates a graded boundary between near and far space, (ii) demonstrates an enlargement of PPS as the speed of incoming stimuli increases, (iii) shows stronger contact prediction for looming than receding stimuli-but critically is still present for receding stimuli when observation uncertainty is non-zero-, (iv) scales with the value we attribute to environmental objects, and finally (v) can account for the differing sizes of PPS for different body parts. Together, these modeling results support the conjecture that PPS reflects the computation of impact prediction, and make a number of testable predictions for future empirical studies.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of exercise targeting proper trunk stabilization and segmental spinal movement in back pain and sensory perception among cross-country skiers. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors. SETTING: University Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty elite cross-country skiers aged 17 to 27 years. INTERVENTIONS: Ten cross-country skiers integrated 3 types of exercise targeting segmental motion in mid-thoracic spine into their routine training practice for 2 months. The 10 controls performed routine athletic training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Young Spine Questionnaire to measure intensity and frequency of back pain was completed at the start and end of study. Tactile sensory perception using 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, thermic perception using TIP THERM device, graphesthesia assessed by a touch monitor pencil, 2-point discrimination assessed by a digital caliper, and vibration perception assessed by a 128-Hz tuning fork measured in mid-thoracic spine 5 times. RESULTS: No significant group differences in pain and sensory perception were identified at baseline. Over the 2-month study interval, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the experimental group improved significantly relative to the control group on pain intensity (P = 0.005 for cervical, P = 0.004 for thoracic, and P = 0.014 for lumbar) and frequency of pain in the thoracic area only (P = 0.011). Improvements were also observed in the experimental relative to control group on graphesthesia (P < 0.001), vibration perception (P = 0.002), and 2-point discrimination (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise targeting the mid-thoracic spine may decrease back pain and improve sensory perception in cross-country skiers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Original research, level I.
- MeSH
- bolesti zad patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmatová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- hrudní obratle fyziologie MeSH
- kondiční příprava metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lyžování zranění fyziologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- percepce bolesti fyziologie MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Mental imagery related to the recent death of a loved one is associated with intense sadness and distress. Social relations, such as with one's significant other, can regulate negative emotions and provide comfort, but the neural correlates of social comfort are largely unknown. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined brain responses to sad mental imagery and how these are modulated by holding hands with one's romantic partner. We found that mental imagery of a recently deceased loved one was associated with increased reactivity in the dorsal striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and cerebellum. Holding hands with one's partner as compared to being alone or holding hands with a stranger provided subjective comfort and reduced neural reactivity in the dorsal striatum without affecting the vividness of the imagery. Our findings indicate an important role for the dorsal striatum in sad mental imagery and social comfort and suggest that tactile social support by one's romantic partner regulates subjective distress through other processes than mere distraction from the mental imagery.
- MeSH
- cingulární gyrus diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmatová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- imaginace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozeček diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- neostriatum diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- prefrontální mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- připoutání k objektu * MeSH
- sexuální partneři MeSH
- smutek fyziologie MeSH
- sociální opora * MeSH
- thalamus diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Social touch seems to modulate emotions, but its brain correlates are poorly understood. Here, we investigated if frontal power band activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during aversive mental imagery is modulated by social touch from one's romantic partner and a stranger. We observed the highest theta and beta power when imaging alone, next so when being touched by a stranger, with lowest theta and beta activity during holding hands with the loved one. Delta power was higher when being alone than with a stranger or a partner, with no difference between the two. Gamma power was highest during the stranger condition and lower both when being alone and with the partner, while alpha power did not change as a function of social touch. Theta power displayed a positive correlation with electrodermal activity supporting its relation to emotional arousal. Attachment style modulated the effect of touch on the EEG as only secure but not insecure partner bonding was associated with theta power reductions. Because theta power was sensitive to the experimental perturbations, mapped onto peripheral physiological arousal and reflected partner attachment style we suggest that frontal theta power might serve as an EEG derived bio-marker for social touch in emotionally significant dyads.
- MeSH
- afekt fyziologie MeSH
- arousal fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmatová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- imaginace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkové vlny fyziologie MeSH
- připoutání k objektu * MeSH
- sociální interakce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Taktilní systém je důležitý pro emocionální stabilitu jedince, pro správné motorické plánování, jemnou motoriku, motoriku úst, také pro schopnost vytvářet sociální vazby, objevovat, učit se a správně vnímat své tělo. Tento článek se zabývá taktilním systém dětí s onkologickým onemocněním, které prodělaly onkologickou léčbu. Představuje výzkum, který byl prováděn u dvou skupin dětí, a to u dětí s onkologickým onemocněním, které prodělaly onkologickou léčbu, a u dětí zdravých, které nevykazují známky žádného fyzického či psychického onemocnění. Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, zda mají děti s onkologickým onemocněním, které si prošly léčbou, odchylky v taktilním systému. Stav taktilního systému byl zjišťován pomocí zkrácené verze dotazníku „Short Sensory Profile“, jehož autorkou je Winnie Dunn (1999), a který vyplňovaly rodiče 30 vybraných dětí. Ve výsledcích v dotazníku vyšlo, že děti s onkologickým onemocněním, které prodělaly onkologickou léčbu, nemají významnou odchylku v taktilním systému, neboť ve dvou ze tří kategorií se pohybují v pásmu fyziologické odpovědi, pouze ve třetí kategorii vykazují známky jednoznačné odchylky. Proto bychom tuto oblast při práci s tímto typem dětí neměli zanedbávat, a měli bychom jim dopřávat co nejvíce podnětů pro stimulaci taktilního systému.
Tactile system is important for human emotional stability, for good motor planning, fine motor skills, mouth motor, and also for good social relationships, the ability of learning, discovering and feeling good in your own body. The article is about tactile system of children with oncological disease which have undergone the oncological treatment. Does the treatment have some side effect on tactile system? Research includes 30 respondents divided into two groups. The focus group and the control group. The focus group includes children with oncological disease which have undergone the oncological treatment and the control group includes healthy children without any physical or psychical diseases. The aim of the research was to find out whether the children with oncological disease have some problems with their tactile system. The condition of tactile system was detected by short version of questionnaire "Short Sensory Profile", written by Winnie Dunn (1999). This questionnaire was filled out by parents of 30 children. The results of the questionnaire show that children with oncological disease which have undergone the oncological treatment don't have some significant deviation in their tactile system, because in two of three categories were their answers in the part of physiological response. In the third category were their answers in part of unequivocal deviation. So we should offer them so many tactile stimulation so it's possible.
- Klíčová slova
- senzorická integrace, taktilní systém,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hmatová percepce * fyziologie MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * terapie MeSH
- poruchy senzitivity * diagnóza MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Social touch may modulate emotions, but the neurobehavioral correlates are poorly understood. Here, we investigated neural responses to a picture of a deceased close person and if neural activity and connectivity are modulated by social touch from one's romantic partner. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found altered reactivity in several brain areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula in response to the personal picture compared to a picture of an unfamiliar person. Hand holding with the romantic partner, compared to being alone, reduced reactivity in the ACC and cerebellum and provided subjective comfort. To separate physical touch from the emotional effect of partner presence, we evaluated hand holding with the partner relative to a stranger and found reduced reactivity in the anterior insula. Connectivity between the anterior insula and the ACC was reduced during partner touch, and the connectivity strength was negatively related to attachment security, with higher reported partner security associated with weaker connectivity. Overall, holding hands with one's partner attenuates reactivity in emotional brain areas and reduces between-region connectivity.
- MeSH
- cingulární gyrus fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- hmat MeSH
- hmatová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- mozková kůra fyziologie MeSH
- sexuální partneři psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Reaching to target locations on the body has been studied little despite its importance for adaptive behaviors such as feeding, grooming, and indicating a source of discomfort. This behavior requires multisensory integration given that it involves coordination of touch, proprioception, and sometimes vision as well as action. Here we examined the origins of this skill by investigating how infants begin to localize targets on the body and the motor strategies by which they do so. Infants (7-21 months of age) were prompted to reach to a vibrating target placed at five arm/hand locations (elbow, crook of elbow, forearm, palm, and top of hand) one by one. To manually localize the target, infants needed to reach with one arm to the other. Results suggest that coordination increases with age in the strategies that infants used to localize body targets. Most infants showed bimanual coordination and usually moved the target arm toward the reaching arm to assist reaching. Furthermore, intersensory coordination increased with age. Simultaneous movements of the two arms increased with age, as did coordination between vision and reaching. The results provide new information about the development of multisensory integration during tactile localization and how such integration is linked to action.
- MeSH
- hmat fyziologie MeSH
- hmatová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- propriocepce fyziologie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study focuses on how the body schema develops during the first months of life, by investigating infants' motor responses to localized vibrotactile stimulation on their limbs. Vibrotactile stimulation was provided by small buzzers that were attached to the infants' four limbs one at a time. Four age groups were compared cross-sectionally (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-month-olds). We show that before they actually reach for the buzzer, which, according to previous studies, occurs around 7-8 months of age, infants demonstrate emerging knowledge about their body's configuration by producing specific movement patterns associated with the stimulated body area. At 3 months, infants responded with an increase in general activity when the buzzer was placed on the body, independently of the vibrator's location. Differentiated topographical awareness of the body seemed to appear around 5 months, with specific responses resulting from stimulation of the hands emerging first, followed by the differentiation of movement patterns associated with the stimulation of the feet. Qualitative analyses revealed specific movement types reliably associated with each stimulated location by 6 months of age, possibly preparing infants' ability to actually reach for the vibrating target. We discuss this result in relation to newborns' ability to learn specific movement patterns through intersensory contingency. Statement of contribution what is already known on infants' sensorimotor knowledge about their own bodies 3-month-olds readily learn to produce specific limb movements to obtain a desired effect (movement of a mobile). infants detect temporal and spatial correspondences between events involving their own body and visual events. what the present study adds until 4-5 months of age, infants mostly produce general motor responses to localized touch. this is because in the present study, infants could not rely on immediate contingent feedback. we propose a cephalocaudal developmental trend of topographic differentiation of body areas.
- MeSH
- chování kojenců fyziologie MeSH
- fyzikální stimulace MeSH
- hmatová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- končetiny fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- vibrace MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
