BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have reported adipose tissue reduction after the application of the High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) field technology, yet cellular level evidence of the mechanisms has remained scarce. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to verify or refute previous single-study histological evidence and further investigates the proposed mechanism of apoptotic induction. METHODS: The thigh of two Large White pigs was treated with HIFEM for 30 minutes. Fat punch biopsies were collected from the application area before, immediately after, and 8 hours post-treatment. Control samples were taken from the abdomen immediately after and 8 hours post-treatment. Samples were analyzed for pro-apoptotic DNA markers (BAX, BCL-2, TXNIP, MMP9, TNF-α), the levels of free fatty acids (FFA), and the pH levels of the adipose tissue. RESULTS: The levels of FFA in the treated adipose tissue increased on average by 127.1% immediately post-treatment and by 134.1% 8 hours post-treatment, indicating a rapid breakdown of lipids. The average recorded adipose pH changed from 7.30 ± 0.12 at baseline to 6.60 ± 0.07 immediately post-treatment (P = .001) and to 7.19 ± 0.12 8 hours post-treatment. The levels of BAX, TXNIP, MMP9, and TNF-α increased post-treatment while BCL-2 decreased. Control samples showed constant levels of pH and pro-apoptotic markers. The FFAs in the control samples were increased by 41.6%-51.4%. CONCLUSION: The changes in the levels of the pro-apoptotic markers conformed to the previously reported elevated fat apoptosis post-HIFEM treatments. These effects were accompanied by an increase in FFA levels, and by reduced pH levels, due to the increased acidity in the adipose tissue. Further research is required to explore the potential of nonthermal induction of apoptosis.
- MeSH
- apoptóza fyziologie MeSH
- body contouring metody MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza MeSH
- magnetoterapie metody MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- podkožní břišní tuk chemie cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- tukové buňky fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dyslipidemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- niacin * aplikace a dávkování dějiny farmakokinetika farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- zrudnutí chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We studied the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) activation on serum concentrations and tissue expression of resistin, adiponectin, and adiponectin receptor-1 and -2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNA in normal mice and mice with insulin resistance induced by lipogenic, simple-carbohydrate diet (LD). Sixteen weeks of LD feeding induced obesity with liver steatosis and increased insulin levels but did not significantly affect circulating adiponectin or resistin. Treatment with PPAR-alpha agonist fenofibrate decreased body weight and fat pad weight and ameliorated liver steatosis in LD-fed mice with concomitant reduction in blood glucose, free fatty acid, triglyceride, serum insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment index values. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp demonstrated the development of whole-body and liver insulin resistance in LD-fed mice, which were both normalized by fenofibrate. Fenofibrate treatment markedly increased circulating resistin levels on both diets and adiponectin levels in chow-fed mice only. Fat adiponectin mRNA expression was not affected by fenofibrate treatment. Resistin mRNA expression increased in subcutaneous but not gonadal fat after fenofibrate treatment. In addition to fat, a significant amount of adiponectin mRNA was also expressed in the muscle. This expression markedly increased after fenofibrate treatment in chow- but not in LD-fed mice. Adipose tissue expression of AdipoR1 mRNA was significantly reduced in LD-fed mice and increased after fenofibrate treatment. In conclusion, PPAR-alpha activation ameliorated the development of insulin resistance in LD-fed mice despite a major increase in serum resistin levels. This effect could be partially explained by increased AdipoR1 expression in adipose tissue after fenofibrate treatment.
- MeSH
- adiponektin genetika krev MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- exprese genu účinky léků MeSH
- fenofibrát aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- glykemický clamp MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek účinky léků MeSH
- inzulin farmakologie krev MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- játra chemie účinky léků MeSH
- kosterní svaly chemie MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza MeSH
- lipidy biosyntéza MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obezita etiologie krev patofyziologie MeSH
- PPAR alfa agonisté fyziologie MeSH
- receptory adiponektinu MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu genetika MeSH
- resistin genetika krev MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- tuková tkáň chemie patologie MeSH
- velikost orgánu účinky léků MeSH
- ztučnělá játra etiologie farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- cholesterol analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- pití alkoholu metabolismus MeSH
- triglyceridy analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- MeSH
- dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů metabolismus MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza krev MeSH
- novorozená zvířata genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hypertriglyceridemie metabolismus MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza krev metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids of high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids and their relationships to the HDL-cholesterol level were compared in hypo- and hyperalphalipoproteinemic subjects. Both groups did not differ in the level of serum cholesterol. However, hypoalphalipoproteinemia was associated with hypertriglyceridemia, higher HDL-triacylglycerol level, and higher proportion of HDL-18:1 (oleic acid) and lower proportions of HDL-18:2 (linoleic acid) and 20:4 (arachidonic acid) than hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The HDL-20:4 was the only fatty acid correlating (negatively) with HDL-cholesterol. However, HDL-18:1 correlated positively and HDL-18:2 negatively with HDL-triacylglycerols, lipids related to the fall of HDL-cholesterol. These results suggest 1) an antagonism of 20:4 and 18:2 as structural components of HDL lipids in relation to the HDL-cholesterol level, and 2) an association of replacement of HDL 18:2 by 18:1 with the disorder of plasma triacylglycerol metabolism.
- MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- hyperlipoproteinemie krev MeSH
- hypolipoproteinemie krev MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny HDL krev chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- fyziologický stres prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyselina pantothenová aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné neesterifikované analýza MeSH
- mozek - chemie MeSH
- pyridoxin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- vitamin E aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
