INTRODUCTION: The aim of study was to assess the impact of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and minimally invasive approaches on short-term outcomes in rectal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of patients that underwent open or minimally invasive rectal resections in a single institution between January 2015 and April 2020 were included in the study. An ERAS program was introduced in April 2016. The study cohort was divided into three groups: open surgery without ERAS, open surgery with ERAS, and minimally invasive surgery with ERAS. Outcome measures compared were recovery parameters, surgical stress parameters, 30-day morbidity and mortality, oncological radicality and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients were included: 43 in the open non-ERAS group, 92 in the open ERAS group and 67 in the minimally invasive ERAS group. All recovery parameters apart from postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly improved in both ERAS groups. Surgical stress parameters, prolonged postoperative ileus, and hospital stay were significantly reduced in the minimally invasive ERAS group. The overall 30-day morbidity and mortality and oncological radicality did not significantly differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive approaches and enhanced recovery care in rectal surgery improve short-term outcomes. Their combination leads to an improvement in recovery parameters and a reduction of prolonged postoperative ileus and hospital stay.
- MeSH
- chirurgie trávicího traktu * metody MeSH
- délka pobytu MeSH
- ileus * etiologie MeSH
- laparoskopie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- perioperační péče metody MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- střeva MeSH
- urychlená pooperační rehabilitace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion techniques may be used as a treatment for spondylolisthesis to alleviate back and leg pain, improve function and provide stability to the spine. Surgeons may choose an anterolateral or posterior approach for the surgery however, there remains a lack of real-world evidence from comparative, prospective studies on effectiveness and safety with relatively large, geographically diverse samples and involving multiple surgical approaches. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that anterolateral and posterior minimally invasive approaches are equally effective in treating patients with spondylolisthesis affecting one or two segments at 3-months follow-up and to report and compare patient reported outcomes and safety profiles between patients at 12-months post-surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, international, observational cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLE: Patients with degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent 1- or 2-level minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion. OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient reported outcomes assessing disability (ODI), back pain (VAS), leg pain (VAS) and quality of life (EuroQol 5D-3L) at 4-weeks, 3-months and 12-months follow-up; adverse events up to 12-months; and fusion status at 12-months post-surgery using X-ray and/or CT-scan. The primary study outcome is improvement in ODI score at 3-months. METHODS: Eligible patients from 26 sites across Europe, Latin America and Asia were consecutively enrolled. Surgeons with experience in minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion procedures used, according to clinical judgement, either an anterolateral (ie, ALIF, DLIF, OLIF) or posterior (MIDLF, PLIF, TLIF) approach. Mean improvement in disability (ODI) was compared between groups using ANCOVA with baseline ODI score used as a covariate. Paired t-tests were used to examine change from baseline in PRO for both surgical approaches at each timepoint after surgery. A secondary ANCOVA using a propensity score as a covariate was used to test the robustness of conclusions drawn from the between group comparison. RESULTS: Participants receiving an anterolateral approach (n=114) compared to those receiving a posterior approach (n=112) were younger (56.9 vs 62.0 years, p <.001), more likely to be employed (49.1% vs 25.0%, p<.001), have isthmic spondylolisthesis (38.6% vs 16.1%, p<.001) and less likely to only have central or lateral recess stenosis (44.9% vs 68.4%, p=.004). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for gender, BMI, tobacco use, duration of conservative care, grade of spondylolisthesis, or the presence of stenosis. At 3-months follow-up there was no difference in the amount of improvement in ODI between the anterolateral and posterior groups (23.2 ± 21.3 vs 25.8 ± 19.5, p=.521). There were no clinically meaningful differences between the groups on mean improvement for back- and leg-pain, disability, or quality of life until the 12-months follow-up. Fusion rates of those assessed (n=158; 70% of the sample), were equivalent between groups (anterolateral, 72/88 [81.8%] fused vs posterior, 61/70 [87.1%] fused; p=.390). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with degenerative lumbar disease and spondylolisthesis who underwent minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion presented statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements from baseline up to 12-months follow-up. There were no clinically relevant differences between patients operated on using an anterolateral or posterior approach.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle chirurgie MeSH
- bolesti zad etiologie MeSH
- fúze páteře * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- spondylolistéza * chirurgie etiologie MeSH
- stenóza MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Chirurgická léčba je nejdůležitější součástí multimodální léčby karcinomu rekta. V posledních letech je upřednostňován miniinvazivní způsob operování. Mezi miniinvazivní operace řadíme laparoskopii a nově robotickou chirurgii. Robotický operační systém byl vyvinut ve snaze eliminovat nedostatky laparoskopie, zejména paralelní postavení nástrojů a jejich omezený pohyb. Výhody robotického systému by měly být nejvíce patrny v úzkém a hlubokém prostoru, tedy v oblasti malé pánve. Cílem práce je analyzovat krátkodobé výsledky roboticky asistované operace pro nádory rekta. Metody: Jedná se o retrospektivní analýzu souboru 220 pacientů s nádory rekta operovaných roboticky asistovaně. Soubor byl analyzován z hlediska délky operace, krevní ztráty, počtu konverzí k otevřené operaci, kompletnosti TME, pozitivity distálního a cirkumferenčního resekčního okraje, délky hospitalizace a počtu 30denních rehospitalizací. Dále byla hodnocena 30denní pooperační morbidita a mortalita pomocí Clavien-Dindo skóre. Výsledky: Roboticky asistované operace trvaly průměrně 184 minut. Celkově bylo konvertováno 5 operací, tedy 2,3 %. Kompletního mezorekta bylo dosaženo u 90 % pacientů. Závažné pooperační komplikace, Clavien-Dindo skóre 3–4, bylo zjištěno u 14 % pacientů. Komplikace v anastomóze se vyskytla u 9,6 % nemocných. Délka hospitalizace byla v průměru 8,4 dne. Závěr: Robotická operace pro nádory rekta je metoda bezpečná s přijatelným množstvím komplikací. Nespornou výhodou robotického systému je zavedený způsob školení a vysoká míra standardizace operačních postupů, díky kterým je možné dosáhnout v krátkém čase velmi dobrých výsledků. V případě peroperačních a časných pooperačních výsledků robotická chirurgie v některých parametrech převyšuje laparoskopickou chirurgii.
Introduction: Surgical treatment is the most important part of multimodal management of rectal cancer. In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has been preferred. Minimally invasive procedures include laparoscopy and more recently robotic surgery. Robotic surgery has been developed to eliminate the shortcomings of laparoscopy, especially the parallel position of instruments and their limited movement. The advantages of a robotic system should be most apparent in narrow and deep spaces, i.e. the lesser pelvis. The aim of this study was to analyze the short-term results of robot-assisted surgery for rectal tumors. Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 220 patients with robotic-assisted surgery for rectal cancer. The cohort was analyzed in terms of length of surgery, blood loss, number of conversions to open surgery, completeness of TME, distal and circumferential resection margin positivity, length of hospital stays and number of 30-day rehospitalizations. In addition, 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed using the Clavien-Dindo score. Results: Robotic-assisted surgeries lasted an average of 184 minutes. In total, 5 operations were converted, i.e. 2.3%. Complete mesorectum was achieved in 90% of the patients. Severe postoperative complications, Clavien-Dindo score 3–4, were observed in 14% of the patients. Anastomotic complications occurred in 9.6% of the patients. The mean length of the hospital stay was 8.4 days. Conclusion: Robotic surgery for rectal tumors is a safe method with an acceptable rate of complications. An established training method and a high degree of standardization of the surgical procedures are indisputable advantages of robotic systems, making it possible to achieve very good results in a short time. In terms of perioperative and early postoperative outcomes, robotic surgery outperforms laparoscopic surgery in some parameters.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony metody škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- nádory rekta chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- proktektomie * metody škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- roboticky asistované výkony * metody škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking has been associated with an increased risk of complications after conventional coronary surgery. However, the impact of smoking on the risk of postoperative complications in minimally invasive coronary surgery is yet to be studied. We aimed to analyze the impact of the preoperative smoking status on the short- and long-term outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) in the context of isolated surgical revascularization or in association with percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of all patients undergoing MIDCAB at our institution between 2006 and 2020. Patients were divided into three groups: active smokers, ex-smokers who have quit smoking for at least 1 month before surgery, and non-smokers. The groups were compared using conventional statistical methods. Multivariate analysis was then performed where significant differences were found to eliminate bias. RESULTS: Throughout the study period, 541 patients underwent MIDCAB, of which 135 (25%) were active smokers, 183 (34%) were ex-smokers, and 223 (41%) were non-smokers. Smokers presented for surgery at a younger age (p < 0.0001), more frequently with a history of myocardial infarction (p < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (p < 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.0001). Using multivariate analysis, active smoking was determined to be a significant risk factor for the need of urgent revascularization (odds ratio 2.36 [1.00-5.56], p = 0.049) and the composite of pulmonary complications (including pneumothorax, respiratory infection, respiratory dysfunction, subcutaneous emphysema and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; odds ratio 2.84 [1.64-4.94], p < 0.001). Preoperative smoking status did not influence the long-term survival (p = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, active smokers presented for MIDCAB at a younger age and more often with signs of atherosclerotic disease (history of myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease). Active smoking was found to be the most significant risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications, and is also associated with a more frequent need for urgent surgery at diagnosis. Long-term postoperative survival is not affected by the preoperative smoking status.
- MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc * MeSH
- infarkt myokardu * etiologie MeSH
- koronární bypass metody MeSH
- kouření tabáku MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky MeSH
- onemocnění periferních arterií * MeSH
- pooperační komplikace etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
Cíl: Cílem sdělení je prezentovat velmi zajímavý případ 77leté ženy s protrahovanými febriliemi nejasného původu, kde 18F-FDG PET/CT vyšetření detekovalo přítomnost Dresslerova syndromu po proběhlé miniinvazivní chirurgické plastice mitrální chlopně. Metodika: 77letá pacientka podstoupila miniinvazivní chirurgickou plastiku mitrální chlopně pro těžkou mitrální insuficienci. Po 2 týdnech byla pacientka opět hospitalizována pro akutní kardiálni selhávání. V průběhu hospitalizace došlo k rozvoji febrilního stavu nejasného původu, který nereagoval na podávání antibiotik. Provedené vyšetřovací metody neodhalily příčinu febrilního stavu. Následovalo PET/CT vyšetření. Výsledky: PET/CT zobrazilo perikardiální výpotek šíře až 14 mm s intenzivní akumulací 18F-FDG před pravou srdeční komorou. Dále se zobrazilo několik lymfatických uzlin s akumulací 18F-FDG v mediastinu pretracheálně a uascendentníaorty. Nález byl hodnocen jako Dresslerův syndrom (perikarditida) s reaktivní zánětlivou lymfadenopatií v mediastinu. Následovala protizánětlivá léčba, po které došlo k odeznění febrilního stavu a regresi perikardiálního výpotku. Závěr: PET/CT zobrazilo perikardiálnívýpotek s akumulací 18F-FDG. Vzhledem k časové souvislosti s proběhlým kardiochirurgickým výkonem na mitrálni chlopni, PET/CT vyšetření správně vyslovilo podezření na Dresslerův syndrom. 18F-FDG PET/CT tudíž zkrátil dobu diagnostického procesu a zlepšilo management pacienta, což umožnilo zvolit správnou, efektivní léčbu.
Aim: To present a rare case report of a 77-year-old woman presenting with a cardiac failure and fever of unknown origin after micro-invasive mitral valve surgery. Subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed increased pericardialtracer uptake corresponding to Dressier syndrome. Method: 77-year-old woman suffering from mitral regurgitation underwent micro-invasive mitral valve surgery. Two weeks later, she was admitted to the hospital due to cardiac failure. During hospitalization, a fever of unknown origin developed and did not respond to antibiotics. However, no diagnosis was made after an intensive workup. Due to recurrent fevers and an antibiotic treatment failure the whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed. Results: The PET/CT examination revealed increased 18F-FDG uptake in the pericardial effusion (thickness: 14 mm) and in mediastinal lymph nodes. Considering the previous micro-invasive mitralvalve surgery, the PET/CT findings were concluded as a Dressier syndrome with the reactive inflammatory changes in mediastinal lymph nodes. Inflammatory markers normalized after anti-inflammatory treatment (NSAID, corticosteroid and colchicine). Conclusion: The 18F-FDG PET/CTimaging correctly detected Dressier syndrome following micro-invasive mitralvalve surgeryin a patient with fever of unknown origin. The examination improved a patient management and allowed a subsequent successful treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- Dresslerův syndrom,
- MeSH
- celotělové zobrazování metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 * terapeutické užití MeSH
- horečka etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenopatie diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- perikardiální efuze diagnostické zobrazování etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- perikarditida * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- PET/CT metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční selhání etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Na českém a zahraničním trhu jsme doslova zavaleni možnostmi, jak rychle a jednoduše vypnout pleť a vrátit tak několik let zpátky. Vedle široké škály přístrojů a technik tak lze narazit i na širokou škálu účinnosti od nulové až po významné. Nejenom pro pacienty, ale i pro odborníky začíná být těžké se vyznat, která metoda je skutečně účinná a „ta pravá“. Předpoklady pro funkční metodu na omlazení jsou: minimální invazivita, rychlá rekonvalescence, bezpečnost ověřená klinickými studiemi, efektivita ověřená klinickými studiemi a samozřejmě cena. Autorka představuje kazuistiku s novou metodou Endolift®, jejímž hlavním účinkem je vypnutí kůže pomocí neokolagenogeneze, aktivace metabolických funkcí extracelulární matrix a rozpouštění tukových depozit. Toto lékařské ošetření je prováděno pomocí speciálních laserových mikrooptických vláken, která se zavedou pod kůži. Tím se přesouvá klasické laserové ošetření o vlnové délce 1 470 nm přímo do podkoží, kde vykoná svou nejlepší funkci: laserový paprsek zde specificky interaguje s vodou a tukem.
Currently, we are literally overwhelmed with the possibilities on the market of how to quickly and easily tighten the skin and turn back several years. In addition to a wide range of devices and techniques, there is also a wide range of in/efficiencies. It is becoming more and more difficult for patients and even professionals to understand which method is effective and "the right one". Preconditions for a functional method for rejuvenation are: minimal invasiveness, rapid recovery, safety verified by clinical studies, effectiveness verified by clinical studies and, of course, the cost. The author presents here a case report with the new Endolift® method, the main effect of which is skin tightening by neocolagenogenesis, activation of metabolic functions of the extracellular matrix and dissolution of fat deposits. This medical treatment is performed using special laser micro-optical fibers, which are temporarily inserted under the skin. This removes the classic laser treatment with a wavelength of 1,470 nm directly into the subcutaneous tissue, where it performs its best function: the laser beam specifically interacts with water and fat here.
- MeSH
- laserová terapie metody přístrojové vybavení škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lasery polovodičové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lasery klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipolýza MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony metody přístrojové vybavení škodlivé účinky MeSH
- omlazení MeSH
- optická vlákna MeSH
- rytidoplastika * metody přístrojové vybavení škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To identify the available evidence on aerosol viral transmission risk during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and evaluate its impact on guidelines development and clinical activity worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: We performed a scoping review on PubMed, Cochrane, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Clinical Trial Register, and the Grey Literature Repository databases, to identify reports on viral transmission via surgical smoke or aerosolisation. A systematic review of all available national and international guidelines was also performed to report their recommendations. Additionally, a worldwide transdisciplinary survey was performed to capture the actual compliance to dedicated guidelines and their impact on MIS activity. RESULTS: Based on a selection of 17 studies, there was no evidence to support the concerns of an intraoperative viral transmission via pneumoperitoneum aerosolisation. Most national surgical and urological societies either did address this topic or referred to international guidelines. The guidelines of the American College of Surgery, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section, recommended an avoidance of MIS due to an increased risk of intraoperative aerosol-enhanced transmission. The results of the survey completed by 334 respondents, from different surgical abdominal specialties, suggested a lack of compliance with the guidelines. CONCLUSION: There seems to be a dissonance between contemporary guidelines and ongoing surgical activity, possibly due to the perceived lack of evidence. Recommendations regarding changes in clinical practice should be based on the best available research evidence and experience. A scoping review of the evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms together with a survey showed that laparoscopic procedures do not seem to increase the risk of viral transmission. Nevertheless, the few publications and low quality of existing evidence limits the validity of the review.
- MeSH
- aerosoly * MeSH
- COVID-19 epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- dodržování směrnic * MeSH
- kontrola infekce * MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- peroperační doba MeSH
- přenos infekce z pacienta na zdravotnického pracovníka prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- pooperační ileus,
- MeSH
- epidurální analgezie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- gastrointestinální intubace MeSH
- ileus * etiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky MeSH
- opioidní analgetika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * etiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- střevní obstrukce etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY MIPO (Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis) technique is currently a commonly used method to treat fractures of the distal third of tibia diaphysis. At the same time, it is just like other methods accompanied by a relatively high complication rate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of this technique at our department is effective and whether the complication rate does not differ considerably from values reported by literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the period 2014-2016, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis was performed in a total of 42 patients, who had suffered a fracture of the distal third of tibia diaphysis. They sustained a low-energy trauma. The mean age of patients was 50 years (range 27-86 years) and the mean follow-up period was 11.8 months (range 1.5-38 months). All the patients were treated with a minimally invasive technique with the use of subcutaneous LCP. In 41 patients (98%) it was inserted via anteromedial approach. In one patient only (2%), the LCP was inserted via anterolateral approach due to the unfavourable local finding on the medial side of the distal lower limb. RESULTS Of the total number of operated patients, 35 patients (83%) underwent surgery within 24 hours of injury, including two patients in whom an external fixator was used. The mean operative time was 61 minutes (range of 30-150 minutes). The primary healing occurred in 93% of patients with radiological signs of healing within 5.6 months on average (range of 1.5-16 months). Time to full weight bearing was 4.2 months on average (range of 1.5-16 months). Delayed healing was observed in four patients. In three patients, a non-union developed, necessitating revision surgery. Infectious complications were reported in seven patients, in three of whom deep wound infection developed. In one case, the chronic infection resulted in a lower limb amputation. In five patients mal-union occurred. DISCUSSION The outcomes achieved by the authors in treating fractures of the distal third of tibia diaphysis with a minimally invasive technique do not considerably differ from the outcomes reported by other authors in literature. In terms of the outcomes and the complication rate, the MIPO method is comparable to the treatment of these fractures with the use of nails. Limiting for fracture healing is the vascular supply. Therefore, in treating these injuries it is necessary to proceed with minimum invasiveness and carefulness and to seek to limit any additional trauma to soft tissues, thus also to vascular supply. In case of syndesmosis failure, the concurrent treatment of distal fibula fractures is clearly indicated. In case of intact syndesmosis, fibular osteosynthesis and the sequence of procedures are to be decided by the surgeon. At present, rigid osteosynthesis is being abandoned for potential slower healing up to development of non-unions. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of fractures of the distal third of tibia diaphysis remains an unsolved issue despite the development of stateof-the art materials, implants and surgical techniques. The MIPO technique can be considered an effective method of treatment of these types of fractures, achieving a high success rate of healing and acceptable rate of complications. Key words: minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), distal third of tibia diaphysis, locking compression plate (LCP).
- MeSH
- diafýzy chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fraktury tibie chirurgie MeSH
- hojení fraktur MeSH
- kostní destičky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vnitřní fixace fraktury škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
