Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury lacks any effective treatments, often leading to chronic pain. This study tested whether the daily administration of fully characterized polyphenolic extracts from grape stalks and coffee could prevent both reflexive and non-reflexive chronic neuropathic pain in spinal cord-injured mice by modulating the neuroimmune axis. Female CD1 mice underwent mild spinal cord contusion and received intraperitoneal extracts in weeks one, three, and six post-surgery. Reflexive pain responses were assessed weekly for up to 10 weeks, and non-reflexive pain was evaluated at the study's end. Neuroimmune crosstalk was investigated, focusing on glial activation and the expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in supraspinal pain-related areas, including the periaqueductal gray, rostral ventromedial medulla, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala. Repeated treatments prevented mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and also modulated non-reflexive pain. Moreover, they reduced supraspinal gliosis and regulated CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling. Overall, the combination of polyphenols in these extracts may offer a promising pharmacological strategy to prevent chronic reflexive and non-reflexive pain responses by modifying central sensitization markers, not only at the contusion site but also in key supraspinal regions implicated in neuropathic pain. Overall, these data highlight the potential of polyphenolic extracts for spinal cord injury-induced chronic neuropathic pain.
- MeSH
- Chemokine CCL2 metabolism MeSH
- Chemokine CX3CL1 metabolism MeSH
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 metabolism MeSH
- Gliosis * drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Hyperalgesia drug therapy MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Neuralgia * drug therapy metabolism etiology prevention & control MeSH
- Polyphenols * pharmacology administration & dosage MeSH
- Spinal Cord Injuries * complications drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Receptors, CCR2 metabolism MeSH
- Plant Extracts * pharmacology administration & dosage MeSH
- Signal Transduction * drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine trend in polyphenol consumption in the Czech Republic during the last three decades. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the beneficial effects of polyphenols in several body systems. METHODS: Data from the Phenol-Explorer 3.6, a specialized database of polyphenolic substances, were assigned to the resources of the Czech Statistical Office on the consumption of food and beverages in the Czech Republic for the years 1989-2022. The average daily intake of polyphenols was determined by multiplying the average annual consumption of each type of food by the polyphenol content obtained from the database; results were given in milligrams of polyphenols per inhabitant and day. Since the food items in the data sources are not identical, it was necessary to create an extensive model of food categories. RESULTS: The current value of polyphenol intake is 1,673 mg per day per inhabitant; however, this level most likely reflects methodological underestimation. The favourable increase in dietary polyphenol intake in the Czech population - doubling, to be precise - which we observed from 1989 to 2007, has been replaced by the opposite trend in the last 15 years. The current intake of polyphenols corresponds to the level that was already achieved in 2004. Hydroxycinnamic acids (from the group of phenolic acids) are the most prevalent dietary polyphenols, followed by flavanols (from the group of flavonoids). The most frequent source of polyphenols in the Czech population are non-alcoholic beverages such as coffee, tea and juices, followed by fruits, cereals, and vegetables, respectively. CONCLUSION: Current trend of dietary polyphenol intake in the Czech population is slightly decreasing. This tendency, lasting since 2008, is indisputably negative. Plant polyphenols offer opportunities for inexpensive interventions in health promotion.
- MeSH
- Diet statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polyphenols * administration & dosage analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
SCOPE: Flavanols are important polyphenols of the human diet with extensive demonstrations of their beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. They contribute to preserve health acting on a large range of cellular processes. The underlying mechanisms of action of flavanols are not fully understood but involve a nutrigenomic regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: To further capture how the intake of dietary flavanols results in the modulation of gene expression, nutrigenomics data in response to dietary flavanols obtained from animal models of cardiometabolic diseases have been collected and submitted to a bioinformatics analysis. This systematic analysis shows that dietary flavanols modulate a large range of genes mainly involved in endocrine function, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Several regulators of the gene expression have been predicted and include transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic factors. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the complex and multilevel action of dietary flavanols contributing to their strong potential to preserve cardiometabolic health. The identification of the potential molecular mediators and of the flavanol metabolites driving the nutrigenomic response in the target organs is still a pending question which the answer will contribute to optimize the beneficial health effects of dietary bioactives.
- MeSH
- Diet * MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Nutrigenomics * MeSH
- Polyphenols administration & dosage MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
- Computational Biology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Systematic Review MeSH
Silymarin is a well-known standardized extract from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L., Asteraceae) with a pleiotropic effect on human health, including skin anticancer potential. Detailed characterization of flavonolignans properties affecting interactions with human skin was of interest. The partition coefficients log Pow of main constitutive flavonolignans, taxifolin and their respective dehydro derivatives were determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and by mathematical (in silico) approaches in n-octanol/water and model lipid membranes. These parameters were compared with human skin intake ex vivo. The experimental log Pow values for individual diastereomers were estimated for the first time. The replacement of n-octanol with model lipid membranes in the theoretical lipophilicity estimation improved the prediction strength. During transdermal transport, all the studied compounds permeated the human skin ex vivo; none of them reached the acceptor liquid. Both experimental/theoretical tools allowed the studied polyphenols to be divided into two groups: low (taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin) vs. high (silybin, dehydrosilybin, isosilybin) lipophilicity and skin intake. In silico predictions can be usefully applied for estimating general lipophilicity trends, such as skin penetration or accumulation predictions. However, the theoretical models cannot yet provide the dermal delivery differences of compounds with very similar physico-chemical properties; e.g., between diastereomers.
- MeSH
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions MeSH
- Drug Delivery Systems * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Silybum marianum chemistry MeSH
- Permeability MeSH
- Polyphenols administration & dosage chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Dermis drug effects MeSH
- Thermodynamics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Purpose: Cadmium (Cd) is a classic cumulative nephrotoxicant and literature suggests that its toxicity is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation which contribute to pathologies in various tissues. We sought to investigate whether polyphenols isolated from virgin coconut oil (VCO) would modulate nephrotoxicity and inflammation induced by Cd in rats. Methods Rats were administered polyphenols prior to and along with Cd (5 mg/kg, orally) for 7 weeks. Serum markers of renal damage, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated; renal activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were determined. Histopathologic alterations were evaluated to define kidney damage. Results Cadmium exposure induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress evident by significantly increased serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid along with remarkable depression in renal activities of antioxidant enzymes and GSH with prominent increase in MDA. Inflammatory markers – IL-6, CRP and NO were significantly increased and confirmed by histopathology. Sub-chronic administration of VCO polyphenols attenuated the Cd-induced biochemical alterations compared to Cd control with remarkably improved histopathological observations. Conclusion The findings showed that VCO polyphenol supplementation protects against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in rats.
- MeSH
- Acute Kidney Injury chemically induced blood pathology MeSH
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Antioxidants pharmacology MeSH
- C-Reactive Protein analysis MeSH
- Glomerular Filtration Rate MeSH
- Cadmium pharmacology adverse effects MeSH
- Coconut Oil pharmacology metabolism MeSH
- Oxidative Stress drug effects MeSH
- Polyphenols * administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Reactive Nitrogen Species analysis MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
In recent years, growing attention has been focused on the utilization of natural sources of antioxidants in the prevention of chronic diseases. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) represents a lesser known fruit species utilized mainly as juices, purees, jams, jellies and wine, as important food colorants or nutritional supplements. The fruit is valued as a great source of antioxidants, especially polyphenols, such as phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavanols and flavonols), particularly cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, as well as (-)-epicatechin units. The berries ofA. melanocarpa, due to the presence and the high content of these bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of positive effects, such as strong antioxidant activity and potential medicinal and therapeutic benefits (gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory activities). They could be also contributory toward the prevention of chronic diseases including metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, because of supportive impacts on lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure levels.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Chronic Disease prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Fruit chemistry MeSH
- Photinia chemistry MeSH
- Health Promotion MeSH
- Polyphenols administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Dietary Supplements * MeSH
- Plant Extracts administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- snížení spotřeby antibiotik,
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
- Antifungal Agents MeSH
- Antioxidants MeSH
- Antiviral Agents MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial MeSH
- Biotechnology * methods standards MeSH
- Immunomodulation MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Infections * diagnosis prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Advertising MeSH
- Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Plants, Medicinal * chemistry immunology drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polyphenols administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Propolis * administration & dosage history pharmacology chemistry immunology isolation & purification therapeutic use MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Recurrence MeSH
- Plant Extracts * administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
