Novým osobním ochranným prostředkem je obličejová maska vybavená nanovlákenným filtrem s enkapsulovaným jodovaným povidonem, která byla vyvinuta a otestována při klinické zkoušce. Filtr s funkcionalizovanými nanovlákny se vyznačuje nízkým průtokovým (vdechovým) odporem, umožňuje tudíž pohodlné dýchání a minimalizuje vdechování vzduchu procházejícího mimo filtr. Filtr je díky přítomnosti aktivní látky vhodný i pro aplikaci po nechráněné virové expozici. Uskutečněná zkouška prokázala, že testovaný nanovlákenný filtr s jodovaným povidonem se vyznačuje pomalým uvolňováním jódu, které minimalizuje vedlejší účinky, ale zachovává dezinfekční účinnost. Z výsledků naší klinické zkoušky provedené na 207 pozitivně testovaných pacientech se SARS-CoV-2, kteří nosili osobní ochranné prostředky po dobu 4–8 hodin denně po dobu 1 až 4 dnů, vyplynulo, že i množství jódu pouhých 0,00028 ppm postačovalo k významnému snížení reprodukčního čísla a také k ochraně před závažným průběhem onemocnění.
The novel personal protection equipment based on a face mask equipped with a nanofiber filter functionalized with povidone iodine has been developed and tested in a clinical trial. This nanofiber filter was characterized with a low flow resistance and, thus, allowed comfortable breathing. The performed study proved that the novel nanofiber filter with incorporated povidone-iodine was characterized with a slow release of iodine which minimized side effects but kept disinfection efficiency. Our clinical study performed on 207 positively tested SARS-CoV-2 patients wearing the PPE for 4–8 hours daily for 1 to 4 days has shown that even the iodine amount as low as 0.00028 ppm was sufficient to significantly decrease the reproduction number and, very importantly, to protect against severe course of disease.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation and in mechanisms of cancer growth and metastases. In this light, miRNAs could be promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers in clinical practice. Therefore, we investigated if specific miRNAs and their target genes contribute to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) development. We found a significant decrease of miR-449a in LSCC patients with nodal metastases (63.3%) compared with patients without nodal involvement (44%). The AmpliSeq Transcriptome of HNO-210 miR-449a-transfected cell lines allowed the identification of IL6-R as a potential target. Moreover, the downregulation of IL6-R and the phosphorylation reduction of the downstream signaling effectors, suggested the inhibition of the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway. These biochemical effects were paralleled by a significant inhibition of invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, supporting an involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings indicate that miR-449a contributes to suppress the metastasization of LSCC by the IL-6 trans-signaling block and affects sensitivity to external stimuli that mimic pro-inflammatory conditions.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The skin is the primary tissue affected by wounds and aging, significantly impacting its protective function. Natural products are widely used in cosmetics, representing a new approach to preventing age-related damage. Nanomedicine combines nanotechnology and traditional treatments to create innovative drugs. The main targets of nanotechnological approaches are wound healing, regeneration, and rejuvenation of skin tissue. The skin barrier is not easily permeable, and the creation of modern nanodevices is a way to improve the passive penetration of substances. In this study, Helichrysum italicum oil (HO) was combined with different types of electrospun nanofibers to study their protective activity on the skin and to evaluate their future application for topical treatments. In the present research, we used biodegradable polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). All results show a positive trend in cell proliferation and viability of human skin stem cells (SSCs) and BJ fibroblasts pre-treated with combined nanofibers and then exposed to UV stress. Gene expression analysis revealed the activation of a molecular rejuvenation program in SSCs treated with functionalized nanofibers before UV exposure. Understanding the mechanisms involved in skin changes during aging allows for the future application of nanomaterials combined with HO directly to the patients.
- MeSH
- biologické přípravky * farmakologie MeSH
- hojení ran MeSH
- kůže MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanovlákna * MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol MeSH
- stárnutí kůže * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women worldwide. It proliferates rapidly and can metastasize into farther tissues at any stage due to the gradual invasiveness and motility of the tumor cells. These crucial properties are the outcome of the weakened intercellular adhesion, regulated by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which hydrolyze to the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. We investigated the inactivating effect of ARHGAP1 on Rho GTPases involved signaling pathways after treatment with a high dose of doxorubicin. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the proteome isolated from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, treated with 1 μM of doxorubicin, identified RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA GTPases that were inactivated by the ARHGAP1 protein. Upregulation of the GTPases involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway initiated epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. These findings demonstrate a key role of the ARHGAP1 protein in the disruption of the cell adhesion and simultaneously allow for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the reduced cell adhesion leading to the subsequent metastasis. The conclusions of this study corroborate the hypothesis that chemotherapy with doxorubicin may increase the risk of metastases in drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
- MeSH
- cdc42 protein vázající GTP metabolismus MeSH
- doxorubicin farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- proteiny aktivující GTPasu * metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- rac1 protein vázající GTP metabolismus MeSH
- rho proteiny vázající GTP * metabolismus MeSH
- rhoA protein vázající GTP metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nanodiamonds are innovative nanocrystalline carbon particles able to deliver chemically conjugated miRNAs. In oncology, the use of miRNA-based therapies may represent an advantage, based on their ability to simultaneously target multiple intracellular oncogenic targets. Here, nanodiamonds were tested and optimized to deliver miR-34a, a miRNA playing a key role in inhibiting tumor development and progression in many cancers. The physical-chemical properties of nanodiamonds were investigated suggesting electrical stability and uniformity of structure and size. Moreover, we evaluated nanodiamond cytotoxicity on two breast cancer cell models and confirmed their excellent biocompatibility. Subsequently, nanodiamonds were conjugated with miR-34a, using the chemical crosslinker polyethyleneimine; real-time PCR analysis revealed a higher level of miR-34a in cancer cells treated with the different formulations of nanodiamonds than with commercial transfectant. A significant and early nanodiamond-miR-34a uptake was recorded by FACS and fluorescence microscopy analysis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, nanodiamond-miR-34a significantly inhibited both cell proliferation and migration. Finally, a remarkable anti-tumor effect of miR-34a-conjugated nanodiamonds was observed in both heterotopic and orthotopic murine xenograft models. In conclusion, this study provides a rationale for the development of new therapeutic strategies based on use of miR-34a delivered by nanodiamonds to improve the clinical treatment of neoplasms.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
8., upravené vydání 175 stran ; 21 cm
Příručka pro střední školy, která obsahuje otázky z fyziky, které se zaměřují na přijímací zkoušky na vysokou školu.
- Konspekt
- Fyzika
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- fyzika, biofyzika
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice středních škol
- testy
- otázky a odpovědi
Protection against water- and air-borne bacteria as well as their detection at very low levels is a big challenge for the health care profession. The study’s main goal was to prepare bacterial filters with a tunable trapping effectivity. We revealed that the trapping efficiency of Escherichia coli estimated from the optical density of bacteria passed through the filter was exponentially dependent on the surface density of the polyacrylonitrile nanofibre membranes. This log/linear regression profile was proven for bacterial trapping efficiency higher than 99.9% which opens a door for easy and tunable constructions of ultrasensitive filters and/or nanosensors as well as for the standardization and quality control of nanofibre membranes.
Biosensors are dynamically developing analytical devices for the detection of substrates or other bioactive substances. They can be used for quick gas or liquid analyses and the construction of sensitive detection systems. This review highlights the advances and development of biosensors suitable for human and veterinary medicine and, namely, a novel contribution of nanotechnology for ultrasensitive diagnosis and personalized medicine. The synergic effect of nanotechnology and biosensors opens a new dimension for effective treatment and disease detection at their early stages.
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of gene expression, controlling different biological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The relationships between miRNA expression and the onset and progression of different diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and neurological disorders, are well known. A nanotechnology-based approach could match miRNA delivery and detection to move beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Different kinds of nanotechnologies can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNA-related diseases such as cancer. Developing novel methodologies aimed at clinical practice represents a big challenge for the early diagnosis of specific diseases. Within this context, nanotechnology represents a wide emerging area at the forefront of research over the last two decades, whose potential has yet to be fully attained. Nanomedicine, derived from nanotechnology, can exploit the unique properties of nanometer-sized particles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Through nanomedicine, specific treatment to counteract only cancer-cell proliferation will be improved, while leaving healthy cells intact. In this review, we dissect the properties of different nanocarriers and their roles in the early detection and treatment of cancer.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA * metabolismus MeSH
- nádory * diagnóza genetika terapie MeSH
- nanomedicína MeSH
- nanotechnologie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
