Patients with cerebellar disorder suffer from depression, limitation of cognitive activities, slowdown of reaction time, which has a significant impact on the quality of their life. The coordination between cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar circuits is important for predicting of sensory events and timing of motor response. Dystonia is caused by a failure of multiple functional circuits of basal ganglia, which leads to the dysfunction of sensorimotor integration; the cerebellum is also involved. Cerebellum plays one of the key roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The study will assess the performance of patients suffering from a known neurologic or psychiatric disorder, which allow to gain better understanding of the cerebellar dysfunction mechanisms in a predictive motor timing test. By comparing the differences and similarities in performance for different types of pathology, we can evaluate specific and common characteristics of behavioral responses and their neural correlates.

Pacienti s postižením mozečku mohou trpět depresí, úzkostí, omezením kognitivních aktivit, zpomalením reakčního času, což má významný dopad na kvalitu jejich života. Souhra kortiko-striatálních i kortiko-cerebellárních okruhů je důležitá pro odhad průběhu senzorických vjemů a časování motorické odpovědi. Schopnost odhadu, predikce a správné načasování reakcí jsou klíčové pro každodenní život člověka. Dystonie je způsobena selháním funkčních obvodů bazálních ganglií, což vede k poruše motorického programování (senzomotorické integrace), na níž se podílí i mozeček. Mozeček hraje jednu klíčových rolí v patogenezi schizofrenie. Ve studii bude možno zhodnotit výkon pacientů trpících známou neurologickou a psychiatrickou poruchou, což umožní lepší porozumění mechanismům dysfunkce cerebella v testu prediktivního časování motorické aktivity. Srovnáním odlišností a podobností výkonu u různých typů patologie bude možné vyhodnotit specifické a společné rysy behaviorální odpovědi a jejich neurální podklad.

• MeSH
• behaviorální disciplíny a činnosti MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• dystonie patofyziologie   MeSH
• extrapyramidové dráhy MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• nemoci mozečku patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• schizofrenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• škály posuzující chování MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurologie
• psychiatrie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Sensory trick is an unusual clinical feature in cervical dystonia that attenuates disease symptoms by slight touch to a specific area of the face or head. Using a semi-quantitative questionnaire-based study of 197 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia, we sought to determine probable pathophysiologic correlates, with the wider aim of examining its eventual clinical significance. The typical sensory trick, i.e., light touch, not necessitating the use of force leading to simple overpowering of dystonic activity, was present in 83 (42.1 %) patients. The vast majority of the patients required a specific sequence of sensorimotor inputs, including touch sensation on the face or different areas of the head, and also sensory and motor input of the hand itself. Deviations often led to a significant decrease in effectiveness and lack of expected benefit. Moreover, patients able to perform the maneuver reported compellingly higher subjective effect of botulinum toxin treatment (median 7 vs. 5 on a scale of 0-10; p < 0.0001) and lower depression score (median 10 vs. 14 on the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating scale; p < 0.001). Overall, the results point to marked disruption of sensorimotor networks in cervical dystonia. The mechanism of the sensory trick action may be associated with balancing the abnormal activation patterns by specific sensorimotor inputs. Its presence may be considered a positive predictive factor for responsiveness to botulinum toxin treatment.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyzikální stimulace * MeSH
• hmat * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tortikolis * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The proceedings of the workshop synthesize the experimental, preclinical, and clinical data suggesting that the cerebellum, basal ganglia (BG), and their connections play an important role in pathophysiology of various movement disorders (like Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) or neurodevelopmental disorders (like autism). The contributions from individual distinguished speakers cover the neuroanatomical research of complex networks, neuroimaging data showing that the cerebellum and BG are connected to a wide range of other central nervous system structures involved in movement control. Especially, the cerebellum plays a more complex role in how the brain functions than previously thought.

• MeSH
• autistická porucha patofyziologie   MeSH
• bazální ganglia anatomie a histologie   patologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozeček anatomie a histologie   patologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• mozková kůra anatomie a histologie   patologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervové dráhy anatomie a histologie   patologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Deficits in the execution of a sequence of movements are common in schizophrenia. Previous studies reported reduced functional activity in the motor cortex and cerebellum in schizophrenic patients with deficits in movement sequencing. The corticospinal tract (CST) and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) are fiber tracts that are involved in movement sequencing. However, the integrity of these tracts has not been evaluated in schizophrenic patients with respect to the performance of movement sequencing yet. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images (DT-MRI) were acquired from 24 patients with schizophrenia and 23 matched control subjects. Tractography was applied to reconstruct the CST and SCP and DT-MRI-specific parameters such as fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) were reported. The patient group was further subdivided based on the score of sequencing of complex motor acts subscale of the Neurological Evaluation Scale into those with deficits in sequencing motor acts, the SQ(abn) group (n = 7), and those with normal performance, the SQ(norm) group (n = 17). Schizophrenia patients of the SQ(norm) subgroup had significantly reduced FA and increased RD values in the right CST in comparison to the control group; the SQ(abn) subgroup did not differ from the controls. However, the SQ(abn) subgroup showed impaired integrity of the left SCP, whereas the SQ(norm) subgroup did not. Abnormalities in the right CST in the SQ(norm) and in the left SCP in SQ(abn) groups suggest that the patients with SQ(abn) represent subgroups with distinct deficits. Moreover, these results demonstrate the involvement of the SCP in the pathogenesis of movement sequencing in schizophrenia.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• anizotropie MeSH
• bílá hmota patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozeček patologie   MeSH
• nervové dráhy patologie   MeSH
• neurologické vyšetření MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• pohybové poruchy etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• pons patologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zobrazování difuzních tenzorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is recognized as the treatment of choice for patients with blepharospasm and facial hemispasm. We report the results of long-term BoNT-A therapy (15-20 years) in a group of patients with blepharospasm (9 patients) and hemifacial spasm (18 patients). We evaluated the number of treatment sessions, duration of therapeutic effects, side effects and their frequency during long-term therapy, and the differences between these two groups of patients. We used patient self-assessment and a patient questionnaire to evaluate the influence of the treatment on their quality of life. We have concluded that BoNT-A is an effective and safe long-term treatment of these facial dyskinesias. Despite the different pathophysiology of blepharospasm and facial hemispasm, the therapy effectiveness is comparable. The only differences were in the side effects. In patients with blepharospasm, the side effect frequency was higher and manifested by double vision or eyelid ptosis. In patients with facial hemispasm, the most frequent side effect was lower facial weakness. No association between therapy duration and side effect frequency was determined. Based on patient questionnaires, all patients believed that the treatment was safe and effective with a positive impact on their quality of life, especially in social communication.

• MeSH
• blefarospazmus farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• botulotoxiny typ A terapeutické užití   MeSH
• faciální paralýza farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• nervosvalové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although dystonia has traditionally been regarded as a basal ganglia dysfunction, recent provocative evidence has emerged of cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of this enigmatic disease. This review synthesizes the data suggesting that the cerebellum plays an important role in dystonia etiology, from neuroanatomical research of complex networks showing that the cerebellum is connected to a wide range of other central nervous system structures involved in movement control to animal models indicating that signs of dystonia are due to cerebellum dysfunction and completely disappear after cerebellectomy, and finally to clinical observations in secondary dystonia patients with various types of cerebellar lesions. We propose that dystonia is a large-scale dysfunction, involving not only cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical pathways, but the cortico-ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop as well. Even in the absence of traditional "cerebellar signs" in most dystonia patients, there are more subtle indications of cerebellar dysfunction. It is clear that as long as the cerebellum's role in dystonia genesis remains unexamined, it will be difficult to significantly improve the current standards of dystonia treatment or to provide curative treatment.

• MeSH
• dystonie etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozeček patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervové dráhy patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohybové poruchy patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Traditionally, the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia has been regarded mainly in relation to neurochemical abnormities in the basal ganglia. Recently, however, substantial evidence has emerged for cerebellar involvement. While the absence of neurological "cerebellar signs" in most dystonia patients may be considered at least provoking, there are more subtle indications of cerebellar dysfunction in complex, demanding tasks. Specifically, given the role of the cerebellum in the neural representation of time, in the millisecond range, dysfunction to this structure is considered to be of greater importance than dysfunction of the basal ganglia. In the current study, we investigated the performance of cervical dystonia patients on a computer task known to engage the cerebellum, namely, the interception of a moving target with changing parameters (speed, acceleration, and angle) with a simple response (pushing a button). The cervical dystonia patients achieved significantly worse results than a sample of healthy controls. Our results suggest that the cervical dystonia patients are impaired at integrating incoming visual information with motor responses during the prediction of upcoming actions, an impairment we interpret as evidence of cerebellar dysfunction.

• MeSH
• bazální ganglia patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické korové centrum patofyziologie   MeSH
• mozeček patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• reakční čas fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tortikolis vrozené   patofyziologie   MeSH
• vnímání času fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH