3D architecture
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3D microscopy and image analysis provide reliable measurements of length, branching, density, tortuosity and orientation of tubular structures in biological samples. We present a survey of methods for analysis of large samples by measurement of local differences in geometrical characteristics. The methods are demonstrated on the structure of the capillary bed in a rat brain.
- MeSH
- arteriae cerebrales cytologie MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie metody MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody MeSH
- kapiláry cytologie MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie metody MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- vylepšení obrazu metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
V dnešní době moderní pokrok v biomedicíně umožňuje lépe pochopit funkci temporomandibulárního kloubu (TMK) a to pomocí zobrazovacích metod. Zpracování získaných dat pomocí moderních programů vytváří nový pohled na rekonstrukci TMK, dále usnadňuje diagnostickou a terapeutickou fázi. K zobrazení TMK jsou k dispozici různé zobrazovací metody. Mezi ně patří základní rtg snímky (např. ortopantomogram, tomogramy TMK), ultrasonografie, MRI, spirální a 3D-počítačová tomografie. Na základě těchto metod lze snímat požadované úseky čelistního kloubu v různých rovinách a ze získaných dat vytvořit model TMK ve 3D rekonstrukci. To přináší zkvalitnění diagnostického procesu. Cílem naší studie je ukázka využití zobrazovacích metod při sledování pacientky během 1 roku. V této studii se zabýváme analýzou matematického a počítačového 3D modelu TMK. U pacientky sledujeme léčebný plán krok za krokem od konzervativní terapie, chirurgické terapie TMK, až k procesu hojení. 3D-CT modelace nám umožňuje sledovat jednotlivé fáze léčby u pacientky s radikulární cystou dolní čelisti. Zpracováním matematického a počítačového modelu TMK do 3D-CT modelu TMK analyzujeme stav kloubu před chirurgickým zákrokem a rok po zavedení subtotální náhrady TMK. Modelace zobrazuje stabilitu subtotální náhrady TMK. Matematické modelování a matematická simulace náhrady čelisti a/nebo TMK může být využito v plánování zhotovení kloubní náhrady. Tato studie prokazuje praktické využití 3D-CT snímků při terapii TMK. Další aplikace matematického modelování čelisti může být využito k zobrazení změn po ortognátní operaci, k hodnocení vlivu okluzních dlah na zatížení TMK, stejně jako k hodnocení u nádorových stavů a cyst. Ačkoliv mnoho z poruch čelistního kloubu a souvisejících struktur může být diagnostikováno klinicky na základě anamnézy a fyzikálního vyšetření, je mnoho poruch TMK, které můžeme diagnostikovat jen na základě zobrazovací techniky pro přesnou diagnózu a určení rozsahu postižení. Zobrazení tvrdých a měkkých tkání čelistního kloubu může být použito nejen pro léčbu, plánování, ale také pro hodnocení dlouhodobé léčby.
Utilization of procedural knowledge in the form of organizational processes and formalized medical guidelines can be useful in decision support systems (DSSs) in health care domain. The problem of using this form of knowledge arises when a multi-agent paradigm is to be applied in a DSS due to differences in specification of behavioural models of agents and process formalisms. In this work we continue in enhancing a novel process-based multi-agent architecture and demonstrate its integration into an existing DSS (K4care) focused on home care. We analysed available documentation of the complex system K4Care and identified possible mutual common functionalities of implemented multi-agent system with the new architecture. These were the entry points, using which we further enhanced the K4Care platform with respect to the process-based multi-agent architecture. The analysis proved that the integration is not only possible, but thanks to the general design of the process-based multi-agent architecture can be done with only small changes in the existing K4Care model. Immediate improvements in supporting human experts were identified and possible further improvements of the system were discussed. Adopting the process-based multi-agent architecture can be beneficial even for existing DSSs and can open new possible features emerging from the multi-agent paradigm.
- Klíčová slova
- maxilofaciální chirurgie, subtotální náhrada TMK, 3D-CT, magnetická rezonance,
- MeSH
- artroplastiky kloubů MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody využití MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stomatochirurgické výkony MeSH
- stomatologie MeSH
- temporomandibulární kloub chirurgie patofyziologie radiografie MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
In the rapidly evolving landscape of cell biology and biomedical research, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has contributed not only to the diversification of experimental tools available but also to their improvement toward greater physiological relevance. 3D cell culture has emerged as a revolutionary technique that bridges the long-standing gap between traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and the complex microenvironments found in living organisms. By providing conditions for establishing critical features of in vivo environment, such as cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, 3D cell culture enables proper tissue-like architecture and differentiated function of cells. Since the early days of 3D cell culture in the 1970s, the field has witnessed remarkable progress, with groundbreaking discoveries, novel methodologies, and transformative applications. One particular 3D cell culture technique has caught the attention of many scientists and has experienced an unprecedented boom and enthusiastic application in both basic and translational research over the past decade - the organoid technology. This book chapter provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of 3D cell culture including organoids, an overview of 3D cell culture techniques, and an overview of methodological- and protocol-oriented chapters in the book 3D Cell Culture.
3D cell culture is an invaluable tool in developmental, cell, and cancer biology. By mimicking crucial features of in vivo environment, including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, 3D cell culture enables proper structural architecture and differentiated function of normal tissues or tumors in vitro. Thereby 3D cell culture realistically models in vivo tissue conditions and processes, and provides in vivo like responses. Since its early days in the 1970s, 3D cell culture has revealed important insights into mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and cancer, and accelerated translational research in cancer biology and tissue engineering.
- MeSH
- biomimetika MeSH
- bioprinting MeSH
- buněčné kultury metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The complex architecture of the liver biliary network represents a structural prerequisite for the formation and secretion of bile as well as excretion of toxic substances through bile ducts. Disorders of the biliary tract affect a significant portion of the worldwide population, often leading to cholestatic liver diseases. Cholestatic liver disease is a condition that results from an impairment of bile formation or bile flow to the gallbladder and duodenum. Cholestasis leads to dramatic changes in biliary tree architecture, worsening liver disease and systemic illness. Recent studies show that the prevalence of cholestatic liver diseases is increasing. The availability of well characterized animal models, as well as development of visualization approaches constitutes a critical asset to develop novel pathogenetic concepts and new treatment strategies.
- MeSH
- cholestáza diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací metody MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- žlučové cesty diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- žlučové ústrojí diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This paper deals with the new concept of network based virtual collaborative environment to support clinical applications of 3D models of human tissues, created from CT/MR data. It is a topic lying between 3D tissue modeling and PACS systems. Designed system allows clinical realizations of 3D applications as a service to clinical workplaces, provided by specialized 3D laboratory, even over great distances. Problem lies within the need of doing necessary consultations, corrections and verifications distantly. This is solved by our system in the form of virtual collaborative environment. This system is built upon three-layer client-server architecture. Our application is focused on 3D tissue modeling. Generally it can be used as a basis for other similar applications.
This article focuses on the problems of consultation virtual collaborative environment, which is designed to support 3D medical applications. This system allows loading CT/MR data from PACS system, segmentation and 3D models of tissues. It allows distant 3D consultations of the data between technicians and surgeons. System is designed as three-layer client-server architecture. Communication between clients and server is done via HTTP/HTTPS protocol. Results and tests have confirmed, that today's standard network latency and dataflow do not affect the usability of our system.
This paper is focused on the virtual collaborative consultation system which is intended for support of 3D geometrical modelling applications in the field of clinical human medicine. The system allows uploading the CT/MR data and 3D tissue geometry models (prepared in advance). The data define a 3D scene, which allows for viewing of the data and consulting them between technicians and physicians over the medium of computer network. The system is conceived as a three layer client-server architecture. For communication between the server and a client, the HTTPS protocol is used. Test results in Czech republic and the world-wide tests as well confirm, that the system is practically applicable and beneficial.
- MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová grafika MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- protézy a implantáty MeSH
- technologie trendy MeSH
- telemedicína trendy MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In the last decade, organoids became a tremendously popular technique in developmental and cancer biology for their high pathophysiological relevance to in vivo models with the advantage of easier manipulation, real-time observation, potential for high-throughput studies, and reduced ethical issues. Among other fundamental biological questions, mammary organoids have helped to reveal mechanisms of mammary epithelial morphogenesis, mammary stem cell potential, regulation of lineage specification, mechanisms of breast cancer invasion or resistance to therapy, and their regulation by stromal microenvironment. To exploit the potential of organoid technology to the fullest, together with optimal organoid culture protocols, visualization of organoid architecture and composition in high resolution in three dimensions (3D) is required. Whole-mount imaging of immunolabeled organoids enables preservation of the 3D cellular context, but conventional confocal microscopy of organoid cultures struggles with the large organoid sample size and relatively long distance from the objective to the organoid due to the 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the organoid. We have overcome these issues by physical separation of single organoids with their immediate stroma from the bulk ECM. Here we provide a detail protocol for the procedure, which entails single organoid collection and droplet-based staining and clearing to allow visualization of organoids in the greatest detail.
- MeSH
- barvení a značení MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organoidy * MeSH
- prsy MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: It is clear that in developed countries more women die annually from ovarian cancer than from all other gynecologic malignancies combined. Objective: The aim of this article is to analyze current possibilities and propose adequate measures which can help the development of effective screening methods/assays for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer. Results and Discussion: This article updates the status of ovarian cancer screening and addresses most relevant studies published during the last five years. The developments that followed the review are best summarized in reference to the screening tests, target populations and newly published trials. The possible role of 3D ultrasound technology, especially 3D power Doppler imaging, in early and accurate detection of ovarian malignancy is discussed. We described our new ovarian cancer screening trial, which started in January 2001. Improvements in ultrasound technology such as 3D volume acquisition and 3D power Doppler imaging may have clinical utility in a more reliable identification of an abnormal ovarian vascularity and architecture. 3D volume acquisition allows for careful evaluation of the internal surfaces of cyst walls for excrescences otherwise not appreciated by 2D ultrasound. Conclusion: While the addition of 3D power Doppler provides a new tool for measuring the quality of ovarian tumor angiogenesis, improving accurate diagnosis of ovarian malignancies, its clinical value for the early detection of ovarian carcinoma has yet to be determined.
- MeSH
- antigen CA-125 analýza MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- diagnostické techniky porodnicko-gynekologické MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysofosfolipidy analýza MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- multimodální zobrazování MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH