Ag-NOR Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- extraverze (psychologie) MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- neurotické poruchy MeSH
- osobnostní dotazník MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tělesná výchova MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- statistiky MeSH
The genus Holoaden includes three species described so far, but the only published cytogenetic data is from Holoaden bradei, with the karyotype 2n = 18, based on conventional staining. In the present paper we report, for the first time, data on chromosomes of H. luederwaldti, which presented 2n = 18 and a case of natural triploidy, with 2n = 3x = 27. In this sample, another karyotypic variation was observed due to the occurrence of two types of chromosome 8, which present submetacentric or subtelocentric morphologies. Homomorphic subtelocentric or heteromorphic condition was observed among the diploid specimens, whereas the triploid had one submetacentric and two subtelocentric chromosomes 8. In all specimens, Ag-NOR was located in the long arms of chromosomes 8, at the interstitial region when subtelocentric, or in the proximal region when submetacentric, confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization with the HM123 probe. The C bands showed centromeric distribution and distribution at Ag-NOR site. The centromeric heterochromatin was fluorescent with DAPI staining, whereas the Ag- NOR displayed bright fluorescence with CMA3. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using a telomeric probe labelled exclusively the telomere regions. Although the same 2n = 18 chromosome numbers have been observed in H. luederwaldti and H. bradei, some differences in both karyotypes can be visualized, mainly with regard to the morphology of the last chromosome pairs.
In this report, voltammetry with linear scan and chronopotentiometric stripping (CPS) with constant current were used for the analysis of doxorubicin (DOX) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). CPS was used for the study of DOX in situ electrochemical reduction in adsorbed state and for ex situ (adsorptive transfer) analysis of the drug. For the first time, CPS was used to study the reversible reduction of the DOX quinine moiety at –0.45 V (vs Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl) as well as electrode processes giving rise to an irreversible signal around –1.45 V at the HMDE in 0.2 M acetate or Britton–Robinson buffers at different pH values. The dependence of the latter signal on pH revealed involvement of protonation equilibria; however, neither CV nor CPS data confirmed the catalytic character of the electrode reaction previously suggested by other authors. The CPS method was also applied to monitor the DOX interaction with double- (ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA. In the presence of dsDNA, more pronounced changes in DOX signal intensity were observed, in agreement with a strong intercalation of the DOX redox centre into the DNA double helix.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kontraceptiva orální terapeutické užití MeSH
- kontraceptiva ženská terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- menstruace analýza účinky léků MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- norethindron terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- děložní krvácení prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- klimakterium MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mestranol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- norethindron aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- kontraceptiva orální hormonální aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menstruace účinky léků MeSH
- norethindron aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- perimenopauza účinky léků MeSH
- postmenopauza účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- anabolika aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dietní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- injekce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nandrolon metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci jater metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The massive production and use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have led to their increasing release into the environment. Even though the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of native nanoparticles have been well studied, the environmental impacts of transformation products such as silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) have not been elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the toxicity of Ag2S NPs and silver nitrate (AgNO3), as a source of Ag, to the earthworm Eisenia andrei using a nominal concentration of 5 mg Ag kg-1 soil. We used the OECD guidelines to assess effects on weight loss and mortality for 14 days. After exposure, we also extracted the immune effector cells (coelomocytes) and conducted a battery of biomarker tests. To ensure the quality of the toxicological results, the structural changes of NPs during the experiment and the uptake of silver by the earthworms were monitored. During the experiment, mortality effects were not detected, but a weight loss was observed in the earthworms exposed to Ag2S NPs. Altough Ag2S NPs were engulfed by E. andrei cells, neither phenoloxidase activity nor lipid peroxidation differed from the untreated control group. Cells from earthworms treated with Ag2S NPs exerted very broad value range of nitric oxide (NO) generation, suggesting an imbalance in the NO metabolism. Overall, this study suggests minimal risks associated with Ag2S NPs exposure to earthworms. However, further studies are needed to assure no immunotoxicological or chronic effects on a wider range of terrestrial organisms.
- MeSH
- dusičnan stříbrný toxicita MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * chemie toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * toxicita MeSH
- Oligochaeta * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny stříbra MeSH
- stříbro metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
