Chlorogenic acid
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
A novel fully automated in-vitro oral dissolution test assay as a front-end to liquid chromatography has been developed and validated for on-line chemical profiling and monitoring of temporal release profiles of three caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, namely, 3-CQA,4-CQA and 5-CQA, known as chlorogenic acids, in dietary supplements. Tangential-flow filtration is harnessed as a sample processing approach for on-line handling of CQA containing extracts of hard gelatin capsules and introduction of protein-free samples into the liquid chromatograph. Oral bioaccessibility/dissolution test assays were performed at 37.0±0.5°C as per US Pharmacopeia recommendations using pepsin with activity of ca. 749,000 USP units/L in 0.1mol/L HCl as the extraction medium and a paddle apparatus stirred at 50rpm. CQA release rates and steady-state dissolution conditions were determined accurately by fitting the chromatographic datasets, namely, the average cumulative concentrations of bioaccessible pools of every individual isomer monitored during 200min, with temporal resolutions of ≥10min, to a first-order dissolution kinetic model. Distinct solid-to-liquid phase ratios in the mimicry of physiological extraction conditions were assessed. Relative standard deviations for intra-day repeatability and inter-day intermediate precision of 5-CQA within the 5-40µg/mL concentration range were <3.4% and <5.5%, respectively. Trueness of the automatic flow method for determination of 5-CQA released from dietary supplements in gastric fluid surrogate was demonstrated by spike recoveries, spanning from 91.5-104.0%, upon completion of the dissolution process. The proposed hyphenated setup was resorted for evaluating potential differences in dissolution profiles and content of the three most abundant chlorogenic acid isomers in dietary supplements from varied manufacturers.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody MeSH
- isomerie MeSH
- káva chemie MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová aplikace a dávkování analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- on-line systémy MeSH
- potravní doplňky analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Solanum melongena L., also known as eggplant, is a widely consumed vegetable and it is well-known for its beneficial antioxidant properties, due to phenolic compounds. In this work, the influence of different cooking procedures on the content of chlorogenic acid was evaluated on eggplant samples of different geographic origin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An easy and quick extraction procedure with 50% methanol as the extraction solvent was optimized for the first time by means of a design-of-experiment and applied to heat treated samples of eggplant. The antioxidant capacity of eggplant extracts was also evaluated by using the ABTS assay and it was correlated with the data obtained by the HPLC method. The content of chlorogenic acid was different in each heat-treated eggplant sample and it depended on the temperature applied during the cooking procedure. In particular, an increase of chlorogenic acid content with rising temperature was observed. Conversely, a very high temperature (250 °C) caused a decrease of chlorogenic acid amount. The influence of storage on the content of chlorogenic acid was also monitored. While the level of chlorogenic acid in fresh samples decreased during four weeks of storage, an increase in its content in heat treated eggplant was observed within the same period. Multivariate data analysis was used to classify eggplant samples into different groups, according to the country of origin and heat treatment procedure. This study provides new insights to preserve the antioxidant properties of eggplant phenolics during different thermal and storage treatments in order to highlight their health promoting effects.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method using internal standard for the determination and stability study of ascorbic acid was developed. HILIC method was very fast and simple using the following analytical conditions: ZIC HILIC (150 x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm) chromatographic column and mobile phase composed of ACN and 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.8 (78:22 v/v). Diode array detection was performed and chromatograms were processed at 268 nm, the maximum wavelength of absorbance of ascorbic acid. An extensive stability study of ascorbic acid as a function of various factors including temperature, stabilizing agents, oxygen presence and its concentration in solution was performed in order to gain information about the quantitative influence of individual stability factors. Low temperature and stabilizing agents (o-phosphoric acid and oxalic acid) were found to be key factors enabling substantial enhancement of the stability of ascorbic acid.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody normy MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- indikátory a reagencie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyselina askorbová analýza metabolismus normy MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová analýza normy MeSH
- kyslík MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
- stabilita léku MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- změna skupenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The physicochemical properties of the wine pigments catechyl-pyranomalvidin-3-O-glucoside (PA1) and guaiacyl-pyranomalvidin-3-O-glucoside (PA2) are extensively revisited using ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and quantum chemistry density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In mildly acidic aqueous solution, each cationic pigment undergoes regioselective deprotonation to form a single neutral quinonoid base and water addition appears negligible. Above pH = 4, both PA1 and PA2 become prone to aggregation, which is manifested by the slow build-up of broad absorption bands at longer wavelengths (λ ≥ 600 nm), followed in the case of PA2 by precipitation. Some phenolic copigments are able to inhibit aggregation of pyranoanthocyanins (PAs), although at large copigment/PA molar ratios. Thus, chlorogenic acid can dissociate PA1 aggregates while catechin is inactive. With PA2, both chlorogenic acid and catechin are able to prevent precipitation but not self-association. Calculations confirmed that the noncovalent dimerization of PAs is stronger with the neutral base than with the cation and also stronger than π-π stacking of PAs to chlorogenic acid (copigmentation). For each type of complex, the most stable conformation could be obtained. Finally, PA1 can also bind hard metal ions such as Al(3+) and Fe(3+) and the corresponding chelates are less prone to self-association.
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny chemie MeSH
- barva MeSH
- biologické pigmenty chemie MeSH
- chelátory železa chemie MeSH
- chemická precipitace MeSH
- dimerizace MeSH
- hliník chemie MeSH
- katechin chemie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kvantová teorie MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová chemie MeSH
- molekulární konformace MeSH
- protony * MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- víno analýza MeSH
- železo chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Functional foods are of interest because of their significant effects on human health, which can be connected with the presence of some biologically important compounds. In this study, we carried out complex analysis of 239 apricot cultivars (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivated in Lednice (climatic area T4), South Moravia, Czech Republic. Almost all previously published studies have focused only on analysis of certain parameters. However, we focused on detection both primary and secondary metabolites in a selection of apricot cultivars with respect to their biological activity. The contents of thirteen biogenic alpha-L-amino acids (arginine, asparagine, isoleucine, lysine, serine, threonine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, proline and alanine) were determined using ion exchange chromatography with UV-Vis spectrometry detection. Profile of polyphenols, measured as content of ten polyphenols with significant antioxidant properties (gallic acid, procatechinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, ferrulic acid and quercetrin), was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrometric/electrochemical detection. Moreover, content of total phenolics was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined using five independent spectrophotometric methods: DPPH assay, DMPD method, ABTS method, FRAP and Free Radicals methods. Considering the complexity of the obtained data, they were processed and correlated using bioinformatics techniques (cluster analysis, principal component analysis). The studied apricot cultivars were clustered according to their common biochemical properties, which has not been done before. The observed similarities and differences were discussed.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- aminokyseliny chemie MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie MeSH
- benzothiazoly chemie MeSH
- bifenylové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- genový pool MeSH
- kyseliny sulfonové chemie MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- pikráty chemie MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- slivoň chemie MeSH
- volné radikály chemie MeSH
- výpočetní biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Phytochemical investigations of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) stated the presence of several compounds with an established therapeutic and antioxidant potential. The chamomile non-enzymatic antioxidant system includes low molecular mass compounds, mainly polyphenols such as cinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system after stimulation by ethylene in tetraploid chamomile plants. Seven days of ethylene treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which influenced the biosynthesis of protective polyphenols in the first step of their biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, considerable enhanced levels of phenolic metabolites with a substantial antioxidant effect (syringic, vanillic and caffeic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, daphnin, and herniarin) were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. The minimal information on the chlorogenic acids function in chamomile led to the isolation and identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. It is accumulated during normal conditions, but after the excessive effect of abiotic stress, its level significantly decreases and levels of other caffeoylquinic acids enhance. Our results suggest that ethephon may act as a stimulant of the production of pharmaceutically important non-enzymatic antioxidants in chamomile leaves and thus, lead to an overall change in phytochemical content and therapeutic effects of chamomile plants, as well.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biosyntetické dráhy fyziologie MeSH
- ethyleny metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- fenylalaninamoniaklyasa metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres fyziologie MeSH
- heřmánek, heřmánkovec, rmen, rmenec metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina chinová analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny kávové metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Matricaria metabolismus MeSH
- polyfenoly metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, biochemical profile of fruits of 9 Sorbus genotypes was analyzed. The content of total sugars ranged from 69.7 g/kg ('Titan') to 217.5 g/kg (Sorbus torminalis) and total organic acids from 17.7 g/kg ('Businka') to 40.2 g/kg (S. torminalis). The highest content of total anthocyanins had 'Burka' (871 mg/kg FW) and 'Businka' (856 mg/kg FW). Quercetin derivatives represented more than 95% of total flavonols. 'Alaja krupnaja' had 3.5- to 29-fold higher rutin content than other analyzed genotypes. S. torminalis fruits had the greatest diversity of isorhamnetin and kaempferol derivatives. Chlorogenic acid was the major hydroxycinnamic acid and its share was 33% to 73% of total analyzed hydoxycinnamic acid derivatives. The richest in chlorogenic acid were 'Krasavica' and 'Alaja krupnaja' fruits. Cultivar 'Businka' had the highest content of epicatechin (40.7 mg/kg) and neochlorogenic acid (1061 mg/kg). Different procyanidin oligomers were detected among flavanols in Sorbus fruits. The highest content of total flavanols was measured in 'Alaja Krupnaja' fruits. Cultivars 'Krasavica' (84.5 mg/kg) and 'Burka' (85.1 mg/kg) had 1.2- to 6.9-fold higher amount of total carotenoids. 'Businka' was highlighted as the richest in total tannin and phenolic contents (3768 mg GAE/kg) and consequently, it had the highest antioxidant activity (57.6 mM TE/kg FW). Being abundant in polyphenolics, some extracts of Sorbus genotypes, for example, 'Businka,' 'Burka,' and 'Alaja krupnaja' could serve as valuable resource of bioactive compounds to food and pharmaceutical industries.
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny analýza MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- biflavonoidy analýza MeSH
- fenoly analýza MeSH
- flavonoly analýza MeSH
- genotyp * MeSH
- karotenoidy analýza MeSH
- katechin analýza MeSH
- kempferoly analýza MeSH
- kyselina chinová analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- polyfenoly analýza MeSH
- proantokyanidiny analýza MeSH
- quercetin analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- Sorbus chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- cinnamáty aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyseliny kávové aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- nemoci srdce prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ochranné látky farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
