Background: All diagnostic procedures of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in diabetic foot (DF) are complicated due to diabetes mellitus and its late complications.The aim of our study is to enhance diagnosis of PAD using a novel transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2) stimulation test. Methods: The study comprised patients with mild-to-moderate PAD(WIfI-I 1 or 2) and baseline TcPO2 values of 30-50 mmHg.TcPO2 was measured across 107 different angiosomes. Stimulation examination involved a modification of the Ratschow test. All patients underwent PAD assessment (systolic blood pressures (SBP), toe pressures (TP), the ankle-brachial indexes (ABI) and toe-brachial indexes (TBI), duplex ultrasound of circulation). Angiosomes were divided into two groups based on ultrasound findings: group M(n=60) with monophasic flow; group T(n=47) with triphasic flow. Large vessel parameters and TcPO2 at rest and after exercise (minimal TcPO2, changes in TcPO2 from baseline (Δ,%), TcPO2 recovery time) measured during the stimulation test were compared between study groups. Results: During the TcPO2 stimulation exercise test, group M exhibited significantly lower minimal TcPO2 (26.2 ± 11.1 vs. 31.4 ± 9.4 mmHg; p<0.01), greater Δ and percentage decreases from resting TcPO2 (p=0.014 and p=0.007, respectively) and longer TcPO2 recovery times (446 ± 134 vs. 370 ± 81ms;p=0.0005) compared to group T. SBPs, TPs and indexes were significantly lower in group M compared to group T. Sensitivity and specificity of TcPO2 stimulation parameters during PAD detection increased significantly to the level of SBP, ABI, TP and TBI. Conclusion: Compared to resting TcPO2, TcPO2 measured during stimulation improves detection of latent forms of PAD and restenosis/obliterations of previously treated arteries in diabetic foot patients. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov [https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009V7W&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005381&ts=2&cx=3j24u2], identifier NCT04404699.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• diabetická noha komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dolní končetina krevní zásobení   MeSH
• duplexní dopplerovská ultrasonografie MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• onemocnění periferních arterií diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• prsty nohy krevní zásobení   MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tlakový index kotník-paže MeSH
• transkutánní měření krevních plynů metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The use of Hazomalania voyronii, popularly known as hazomalana, to repel mosquitoes and resist against insect attacks is handed down from generation to generation in Madagascar. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from the stem wood, fresh and dry bark of H. voyronii to keep important mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus) away, as well as their toxicity on three insect species of agricultural and public health importance (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica and Spodoptera littoralis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydrodistillation was used to obtain EOs from stem wood, fresh and dry bark. The chemical compositions were achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicity assays using stem wood and bark EOs were performed on larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis, and adults of M. domestica by WHO and topical application methods, respectively. Mosquito repellent activity of the most effective EO, i.e. the bark one, was determined on human volunteers by arm-in-cage tests, and results were compared with that of the commercial repellent N,N-ddiethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). RESULTS: The H. voyronii EOs were characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes with perilla aldehyde (30.9-47.9%) and 1,8-cineole (19.7-33.2%) as the main constituents. The fresh and dry bark EOs were the most active on Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis larvae, respectively, with LC50/LD50 of 65.5  mg L-1, and 50.5  μg larva-1; the EOs from wood and fresh bark displayed the highest toxicity on M. domestica (LD50 values 60.8 and 65.8 μg adult-1, respectively). Repellence assay revealed an almost complete protection (>80%) from both mosquito species for 30 min when pure fresh bark EO was applied on the volunteers' arm, while DEET 10% repelled >80% of the mosquitoes up to 120 min from application. CONCLUSION: The traditional use of the bark EO to repel insects has been demonstrated although an extended-release formulation based on H. voyronii EOs is needed to increase the repellent effect over time. A wide spectrum of insecticidal activity has been provided as well, suggesting a possible use of H. voyronii EOs in the fabrication of green repellents and insecticides useful to control mosquito vectors and agricultural pests.

• MeSH
• Aedes účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• Culex účinky léků   embryologie   MeSH
• diethyltoluamid farmakologie   MeSH
• dřevo * chemie   MeSH
• Hernandiaceae * chemie   MeSH
• kůra rostlin * chemie   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• moskyti - kontrola * MeSH
• moucha domácí účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• oleje prchavé izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• repelenty proti hmyzu izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• Spodoptera účinky léků   embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Polyploidy is one of the major forces of plant evolution and widespread mixed-ploidy species offer an opportunity to evaluate its significance. We therefore selected the cosmopolitan species Urtica dioica (stinging nettle), examined its cytogeography and pattern of absolute genome size, and assessed correlations with bioclimatic and ecogeographic data (latitude, longitude, elevation). We evaluated variation in ploidy level using an extensive dataset of 7012 samples from 1317 populations covering most of the species' distribution area. The widespread tetraploid cytotype (87%) was strongly prevalent over diploids (13%). A subsequent analysis of absolute genome size proved a uniform Cx-value of core U. dioica (except for U. d. subsp. cypria) whereas other closely related species, namely U. bianorii, U. kioviensis and U. simensis, differed significantly. We detected a positive correlation between relative genome size and longitude and latitude in the complete dataset of European populations and a positive correlation between relative genome size and longitude in a reduced dataset of diploid accessions (the complete dataset of diploids excluding U. d. subsp. kurdistanica). In addition, our data indicate an affinity of most diploids to natural and near-natural habitats and that the tetraploid cytotype and a small part of diploids (population from the Po river basin in northern Italy) tend to inhabit synanthropic sites. To sum up, the pattern of ploidy variation revealed by our study is in many aspects unique to the stinging nettle, being most likely first of all driven by the greater ecological plasticity and invasiveness of the tetraploid cytotype.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• délka genomu MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace genetika   MeSH
• genom rostlinný * MeSH
• karyotypizace MeSH
• ploidie * MeSH
• selekce (genetika) MeSH
• Urtica dioica klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• západní Asie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Polyploidy has played an important role in the evolution of ferns. However, the dearth of data on cytotype diversity, cytotype distribution patterns and ecology in ferns is striking in comparison with angiosperms and prevents an assessment of whether cytotype coexistence and its mechanisms show similar patterns in both plant groups. Here, an attempt to fill this gap was made using the ploidy-variable and widely distributed Cystopteris fragilis complex. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to assess DNA ploidy level and monoploid genome size (Cx value) of 5518 C. fragilis individuals from 449 populations collected over most of the species' global distributional range, supplemented with data from 405 individuals representing other related species from the complex. Ecological preferences of C. fragilis tetraploids and hexaploids were compared using field-recorded parameters and database-extracted climate data. KEY RESULTS: Altogether, five different ploidy levels (2x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 8x) were detected and three species exhibited intraspecific ploidy-level variation: C. fragilis, C. alpina and C. diaphana. Two predominant C. fragilis cytotypes, tetraploids and hexaploids, co-occur over most of Europe in a diffuse, mosaic-like pattern. Within this contact zone, 40 % of populations were mixed-ploidy and most also contained pentaploid hybrids. Environmental conditions had only a limited effect on the distribution of cytotypes. Differences were found in the Cx value of tetraploids and hexaploids: between-cytotype divergence was higher in uniform-ploidy than in mixed-ploidy populations. CONCLUSIONS: High ploidy-level diversity and widespread cytotype coexistence in the C. fragilis complex match the well-documented patterns in some angiosperms. While ploidy coexistence in C. fragilis is not driven by environmental factors, it could be facilitated by the perennial life-form of the species, its reproductive modes and efficient wind dispersal of spores. Independent origins of hexaploids and/or inter-ploidy gene flow may be expected in mixed-ploidy populations according to Cx value comparisons.

• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• kapradiny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ploidie MeSH
• polyploidie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The literature suggests that small genomes promote invasion in plants, but little is known about the interaction of genome size with other traits or about the role of genome size during different phases of the invasion process. By intercontinental comparison of native and invasive populations of the common reed Phragmites australis, we revealed a distinct relationship between genome size and invasiveness at the intraspecific level. Monoploid genome size was the only significant variable that clearly separated the North American native plants from those of European origin. The mean Cx value (the amount of DNA in one chromosome set) for source European native populations was 0.490 ± 0.007 (mean ± SD), for North American invasive 0.506 ± 0.020, and for North American native 0.543 ± 0.021. Relative to native populations, the European populations that successfully invaded North America had a smaller genome that was associated with plant traits favoring invasiveness (long rhizomes, early emerging abundant shoots, resistance to aphid attack, and low C:N ratio). The knowledge that invasive populations within species can be identified based on genome size can be applied to screen potentially invasive populations of Phragmites in other parts of the world where they could grow in mixed stands with native plants, as well as to other plant species with intraspecific variation in invasion potential. Moreover, as small genomes are better equipped to respond to extreme environmental conditions such as drought, the mechanism reported here may represent an emerging driver for future invasions and range expansions.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• lipnicovité genetika   MeSH
• mšice * MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• zavlečené druhy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Severní Amerika MeSH

Mosquitoes are known to be vectors of numerous diseases leading to human morbidity and mortality at large scale in the world. Insecticide resistance has become a serious concern in controlling the insect vectors of public health importance. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide used to control different insect pests including mosquitoes. Biological parameters of susceptible, unselected, and dimethoate-selected strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say were studied in the laboratory to recognize resistance development potential and associated fitness cost. The dimethoate-selected strain showed 66.48-fold resistance to dimethoate compared with the susceptible strain after three continuous selections of generations. Realized heritability estimates of dimethoate resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus yielded a value of 0.19. In dimethoate-selected strain, the biological traits including larval weight, survival from first instar to pupae, fecundity, number of next-generation larvae, relative fitness, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and biotic potential were significantly reduced as compared with the unselected strain. However, adult longevity, mean relative growth rate, weight of egg raft, female ratio, pupal duration, and emergence rate of the dimethoate-selected strain did not differ significantly compared with that of the unselected strain. This study provides useful information to devise retrospective management strategy for dimethoate resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus.

• MeSH
• Culex účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• dědičnost * MeSH
• dimethoát farmakologie   MeSH
• genetická zdatnost * MeSH
• insekticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• kukla účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rezistence k insekticidům * MeSH
• selekce (genetika) * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent a key threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. Eco-friendly control tools are a priority. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles is rapid and cost-effective. Here we biosynthesized poly-dispersed silver nanocrystals (AgNPs) using a cheap aqueous leaf extract of Adiantum raddianum. AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The acute toxicity of A. raddianum extract and biosynthesized AgNPs was evaluated against larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, AgNPs showed higher toxicity against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 10.33, 11.23 and 12.19 μg/ml, respectively. Biosynthesized AgNPs were found safer to non-target organisms Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri and Gambusia affinis, with respective LC50 values ranging from 517.86 to 635.98 μg/ml. Overall, this study firstly shed light on the potential of A. raddianum as a potential bio-resource for rapid, cheap and effective nanosynthesis of novel mosquitocides.

• MeSH
• Adiantum chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců metody   MeSH
• filarióza prevence a kontrola   přenos   MeSH
• infekce přenášené vektorem * MeSH
• malárie prevence a kontrola   přenos   MeSH
• moskyti - kontrola metody   MeSH
• nanočástice využití   MeSH
• nanotechnologie metody   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

The genus Anthoxanthum (sweet vernal grass, Poaceae) represents a taxonomically intricate polyploid complex with large phenotypic variation and its evolutionary relationships still poorly resolved. In order to get insight into the geographic distribution of ploidy levels and assess the taxonomic value of genome size data, we determined C- and Cx-values in 628 plants representing all currently recognized European species collected from 197 populations in 29 European countries. The flow cytometric estimates were supplemented by conventional chromosome counts. In addition to diploids, we found two low (rare 3x and common 4x) and one high (~16x-18x) polyploid levels. Mean holoploid genome sizes ranged from 5.52 pg in diploid A. alpinum to 44.75 pg in highly polyploid A. amarum, while the size of monoploid genomes ranged from 2.75 pg in tetraploid A. alpinum to 9.19 pg in diploid A. gracile. In contrast to Central and Northern Europe, which harboured only limited cytological variation, a much more complex pattern of genome sizes was revealed in the Mediterranean, particularly in Corsica. Eight taxonomic groups that partly corresponded to traditionally recognized species were delimited based on genome size values and phenotypic variation. Whereas our data supported the merger of A. aristatum and A. ovatum, eastern Mediterranean populations traditionally referred to as diploid A. odoratum were shown to be cytologically distinct, and may represent a new taxon. Autopolyploid origin was suggested for 4x A. alpinum. In contrast, 4x A. odoratum seems to be an allopolyploid, based on the amounts of nuclear DNA. Intraspecific variation in genome size was observed in all recognized species, the most striking example being the A. aristatum/ovatum complex. Altogether, our study showed that genome size can be a useful taxonomic marker in Anthoxathum to not only guide taxonomic decisions but also help resolve evolutionary relationships in this challenging grass genus.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• buněčné jádro chemie   MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• diploidie MeSH
• distribuce rostlin MeSH
• DNA rostlinná genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• genom rostlinný * MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• lipnicovité klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• polyploidie MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• vznik druhů (genetika) MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Práca hodnotí zmeny vybraných funkčných parametrov na bežeckom spiroergometri a súpažnom spiroergometri u skupiny bežcov na lyžiach. Deväť dorastencov (9 mužov, 0 žien) podstúpilo spiroergometrické vyšetrenie na bežeckom respektíve na súpažnom lyžiarskom trenažéri. Zaznamenávaná bola maximálna spotreba kyslíka (VO2max) a maximálna srdcová frekvencia (SFmax) pomocou športtestera POLAR RS 800 CX. Výsledky ukázali významne (p=0,038) nižšie hodnoty VO2max na súpažnom lyžiarskom ergometri ako na bežiacom páse (52.0 ± 5.03 ml.kg-1.min-1; 65.9 ± 3.02 ml.kg-1.min-1). Na druhej strane sa nepreukázali významné rozdiely (p=0.778) medzi SFmax dosiahnutou na bežiacom páse a na súpažnom lyžiarskom ergometri (192.4 ± 8.6 n.min-1; 187.9 ± 7.5 n.min-1). Na základe výsledkov odporúčame realizovať funkčné vyšetrenie VO2max u bežcov na lyžiach pomocou bežeckého trenažéra.

The study evaluates changes in selected functional parameters on cross country skiing treadmill in ski runners. Nine juniors (9 male, 0 female) underwent spiroergometric examination on treadmill and cross country treadmill, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) using by sporttester POLAR RS 800 CX were evaluated. Results showed significant (p=0,038) lower values of VO2max on cross country treadmill than on treadmill (52.0 ± 5.03 ml.kg-1.min-1; 65.9 ± 3.02 ml.kg-1.min-1). On the other hand, no significant difference (p=0.778) in HRmax achieved on treadmill and on cross country treadmill (192.4 ± 8.6 n.min-1; 187.9 ± 7.5 n.min-1) was found. Based on results, we can recommend evaluate the functional testing of VO2max in ski runners on treadmill than on cross country treadmill. Sport-specific testing is crucial to effectively monitor training programs and individual fitness.

• MeSH
• běh * MeSH
• ergometrie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lyžování * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• spirometrie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• sportovní výkon MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku * fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

Occipitocervical fixation and spondylodesis is indicated in various cases of occipitocervical instability. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of occipitocervical fixation at our institutions. MATERIAL Between 1997 and 2007, a total of 57 patients underwent occipitocervical fixation (OC) there were 25 men and 32 women, from four to 77 years of age, with an average of 58.7 years. The patients were allocated to two groups according to the method of OC fixation used: tying wires or cables (group 1) screw-rod or screw-plate systems (group 2). Indications for OC fixation included trauma in 15, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 28, destruction due to psoriasis in one, tumour in eight, and congenital anomalies of the cervico-cranial junction in five patients. In five patients with tumour, OC fixation was completed with a transoral or transmandibular procedure. The C0-T 1 or C0-T 2 segments were fixed in 22 patients, C0-C2 segments in 14, C0-C3 segments in six, C0-C4 segments in two, C0-C5 segments in eight and C0-C6 segments in five patients. METHODS In atlanto-occipital dislocation, comminuted fractures of the ;atlas or similar injuries, C0-C1-C2 segments were fused in congenital anomaly, the C0-to-lower cervical spine was fixed, with C1 being avoided. The RA patients were treated by fixation of the C0 to T1 or T2 segments. The atlas was fixed by the screw method of Goel, the C2 joint by that of Judet, or stable fusion of the two vertebrae was carried out by the Magerl transarticular technique. For the middle and lower cervical spine, lateral mass screw fixation by the Magerl method was used, and from C7 caudally the vertebrae were fixed transpedicularly. Occasionally, in small children in particular, a Ransford frame fixed with wires or cables was used. In principle, an extent of fixation as small as possible was employed. The patients were evaluated at a final follow-up ranging between 12 and 132 months after the primary surgery (average, 42.7 months). Indications for surgery and the method and extent of instrumentation were recorded. The evaluation included pain and neurological deficit assessment, radiographic evidence of the stability of fixation and bone union and intra-operative and early and late post-operative complications. RESULTS Of the 57 patients, bone fusion was the objective of surgery in 52. Further five patients died of associated injuries or serious medical complications shortly after the operation. Of the remaining 47, bone union was achieved in 44 patients (93.6%). Pseudoarthrosis developed in three patients who, however, because of a higher age and minimal complaints did not require revision surgery. In terms of bone union, there was no difference between a short (C0-C2) and a long (C0-CX or C-T) fixation. No differences among fixation materials were found. The differences in percent bone union after spondylodesis between the tying-wire and screw-rod fixation systems were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the patients treated for RA, psoriasis or congenital anomaly, the Nurick scale score significantly improved at 2 years after surgery (p<0.05). In comparison with the others, the RA patients had a significantly higher number of complications (p<0.05). The patients treated for tumour showed a significant difference between the pre- and post-operative VAS values (p<0.05). DISCUSSION Of the patients with RA, psoriasis or congenital anomaly, 57.6% showed post-operative improvement in the Nurick scale score by 1-2 but never more than by 2. A decrease in pain intensity and neurological findings was recorded in 88.2% of the patients. This is in agreement with the results published in the international literature. In the patients treated for trauma, a high proportion (53.3%) had neurological deficit, which is unusually high for craniocervical injuries. This can be explained by the fact that OC fixation is used only in the most serious injuries. Of five patients with neurological deficit of Frankel grade A or B, three died and two required mechanical ventilation. Less serious neurological findings of Frankel grade C or D in three patients improved to a normal condition. CONCLUSIONS Rigid OC fixation is a very effective method for the treatment of craniocervical junction instability. The currently used implants allow us to achieve high stability and efficiency of bone union. Regardless of the instrumentation used, fusion is achieved in more than 90%, and clinical improvement in more than 80% of the patients.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fúze páteře škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krční obratle chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• týlní kost chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH