DCVAC/PCa
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PURPOSE: We conducted an open-label, single-arm Phase I/II clinical trial in metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) patients eligible for docetaxel combined with treatment with autologous mature dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with killed LNCaP prostate cancer cells (DCVAC/PCa). The primary and secondary endpoints were safety and immune responses, respectively. Overall survival (OS), followed as a part of the safety evaluation, was compared to the predicted OS according to the Halabi and MSKCC nomograms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-five patients with progressive mCRPC were enrolled. Treatment comprised of initial 7 days administration of metronomic cyclophosphamide 50 mg p.o. DCVAC/PCa treatment consisted of a median twelve doses of 1 × 107 dendritic cells per dose injected s.c. (Aldara creme was applied at the site of injection) during a one-year period. The initial 2 doses of DCVAC/PCa were administered at a 2-week interval, followed by the administration of docetaxel (75 mg/m2) and prednisone (5 mg twice daily) given every 3 weeks until toxicity or intolerance was observed. The DCVAC/PCa was then injected every 6 weeks up to the maximum number of doses manufactured from one leukapheresis. RESULTS: No serious DCVAC/PCa-related adverse events have been reported. The median OS was 19 months, whereas the predicted median OS was 11.8 months with the Halabi nomogram and 13 months with the MSKCC nomogram. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that patients had a lower risk of death compared with both MSKCC (Hazard Ratio 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13-0.51) and Halabi (Hazard Ratio 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17-0.63) predictions. We observed a significant decrease in Tregs in the peripheral blood. The long-term administration of DCVAC/PCa led to the induction and maintenance of PSA specific T cells. We did not identify any immunological parameter that significantly correlated with better OS. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mCRPC, the combined chemoimmunotherapy with DCVAC/PCa and docetaxel was safe and resulted in longer than expected survival. Concomitant chemotherapy did not preclude the induction of specific anti-tumor cytotoxic T cells.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom imunologie mortalita sekundární terapie MeSH
- adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
- alkylační protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cyklofosfamid aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dendritické buňky imunologie transplantace MeSH
- imunoterapie škodlivé účinky metody mortalita MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronomické podávání léků MeSH
- nádory prostaty rezistentní na kastraci farmakoterapie imunologie mortalita patologie MeSH
- nomogramy MeSH
- prednison aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie MeSH
- taxoidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze I MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Immunotherapy of cancer has the potential to be effective mostly in patients with a low tumour burden. Rising PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels in patients with prostate cancer represents such a situation. We performed the present clinical study with dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-arm phase I/II trial registered as EudraCT 2009-017259-91 involved 27 patients with rising PSA levels. The study medication consisted of autologous DCs pulsed with the killed LNCaP cell line (DCVAC/PCa). Twelve patients with a favourable PSA response continued with the second cycle of immunotherapy. The primary and secondary objectives of the study were to assess the safety and determine the PSA doubling time (PSADT), respectively. RESULTS: No significant side effects were recorded. The median PSADT in all treated patients increased from 5.67 months prior to immunotherapy to 18.85 months after 12 doses (p < 0.0018). Twelve patients who continued immunotherapy with the second cycle had a median PSADT of 58 months that remained stable after the second cycle. In the peripheral blood, specific PSA-reacting T lymphocytes were increased significantly already after the fourth dose, and a stable frequency was detected throughout the remainder of DCVAC/PCa treatment. Long-term immunotherapy of prostate cancer patients experiencing early signs of PSA recurrence using DCVAC/PCa was safe, induced an immune response and led to the significant prolongation of PSADT. Long-term follow-up may show whether the changes in PSADT might improve the clinical outcome in patients with biochemical recurrence of the prostate cancer.
- MeSH
- dendritické buňky imunologie transplantace MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty imunologie terapie MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- prostatektomie MeSH
- prostatický specifický antigen genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- radioterapie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- tumor burden MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze I MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
IMPORTANCE: DCVAC/PCa is an active cellular immunotherapy designed to initiate an immune response against prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCVAC/PCa plus chemotherapy followed by DCVAC/PCa maintenance treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The VIABLE double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 3 randomized clinical trial enrolled patients with mCRPC among 177 hospital clinics in the US and Europe between June 2014 and November 2017. Data analyses were performed from December 2019 to July 2020. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible patients were randomized (2:1) to receive DCVAC/PCa (add-on and maintenance) or placebo, both in combination with chemotherapy (docetaxel plus prednisone). The stratification was applied according to geographical region (US or non-US), prior therapy (abiraterone, enzalutamide, or neither), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0-1 or 2). DCVAC/PCa or placebo was administered subcutaneously every 3 to 4 weeks (up to 15 doses). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), defined as the time from randomization until death due to any cause, in all randomized patients. Survival was compared using 2-sided log-rank test stratified by geographical region, prior therapy with abiraterone and/or enzalutamide, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. RESULTS: A total of 1182 men with mCRPC (median [range] age, 68 [46-89] years) were randomized to receive DCVAC/PCa (n = 787) or placebo (n = 395). Of these, 610 (81.8%) started DCVAC/PCa, and 376 (98.4%) started placebo. There was no difference in OS between the DCVAC/PCa and placebo groups in all randomized patients (median OS, 23.9 months [95% CI, 21.6-25.3] vs 24.3 months [95% CI, 22.6-26.0]; hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90-1.21; P = .60). No differences in the secondary efficacy end points (radiological progression-free survival, time to prostate-specific antigen progression, or skeletal-related events) were observed. Treatment-emergent adverse events related to DCVAC/PCa or placebo occurred in 69 of 749 (9.2%) and 48 of 379 (12.7%) patients, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (DCVAC/PCa [n = 749] vs placebo [n = 379]) were fatigue (271 [36.2%] vs 152 [40.1%]), alopecia (222 [29.6%] vs 130 [34.3%]), and diarrhea (206 [27.5%] vs 117 [30.9%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this phase 3 randomized clinical trial, DCVAC/PCa combined with docetaxel plus prednisone and continued as maintenance treatment did not extend OS in patients with mCRPC and was well tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02111577.
- MeSH
- dendritické buňky patologie MeSH
- docetaxel škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- imunoterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty rezistentní na kastraci * farmakoterapie MeSH
- prednison MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- autologní demdritické buňky, DCVAC/PCa, DCVAC/OvCa,
- MeSH
- dendritické buňky * imunologie MeSH
- imunoterapie * metody využití MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty imunologie terapie MeSH
- nádory vaječníků imunologie terapie MeSH
- nádory * imunologie terapie MeSH
- protinádorové vakcíny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Karcinom prostaty patří mezi nejčastější nádorová onemocnění u mužů. Současné vědecké poznatky zejména v oblasti molekulární imunologie vedou k lepšímu porozumění interakce mezi imunitním systémem a nádory, a tím umožňují identifikaci strategických imunoterapeutických cílů uplatňujících se ve vývoji nových protinádorových léků. Právě imunoterapie se kromě klasické hormonální terapie, radioterapie a chemoterapie jeví jako další perspektivní léčebná modalita u karcinomu prostaty. V článku je podán přehled současných imunoterapeutických přístupů, které jsou v klinickém hodnocení u karcinomu prostaty.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Advances in the field of molecular immunology are leading to a deeper understanding of the interactions between the immune system and cancer, allowing identification of new targets in the immune system and resulting in the development of new anticancer agents. Immunotherapy is emerging as another promising treatment modality in prostate cancer in addition to classic hormonal therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to present an overview of current immunotherapeutic approaches, which are being clinically tested in the management of prostate cancer.
- Klíčová slova
- sipuleucel-T, PROSTVAC, DCVAC/PCa,
- MeSH
- dendritické buňky MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunoterapie * metody MeSH
- ipilimumab MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- nivolumab MeSH
- protinádorové vakcíny * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Karcinom prostaty patří mezi nejčastější nádorová onemocnění u mužů. V časném a lokalizovaném stadiu je léčitelný, určité procento pacientů však relabuje nebo se diagnóza stanoví až v pokročilejších stadiích, kde jsou léčebné možnosti limitované. Imunoterapie je kromě klasické hormonální terapie, radioterapie a chemoterapie další perspektivní léčebnou modalitou v těchto stadiích. Vznik nádorového onemocnění je mnohastupňový proces komplexní povahy, v němž samotné nádorové buňky představují heterogenní populaci zasazenou do kontextu mikroprostředí nenádorový ch buněk a tkání tvořících složitý nádorový „ekosystém“. Imunitní systém je schopen kontrolovat růst nádorových buněk v raných stadiích vzniku nádoru. S pokročilým růstem nádoru jsou imunitní mechanizmy víceméně paralyzovány a mnohdy na proliferaci nádorových buněk mají paradoxně podpůrný účinek. Aby byla protinádorová terapie úspěšná, musí zohledňovat všechny komplexní aspekty interakce imunitního systému a nádorových buněk včetně mikroprostředí. V článku jsou probrány současné možnosti imunoterapie karcinomu prostaty preparáty, které postoupily do III. fáze klinických studií.
Prostate cancer is among the most common cancers in men. It is treatable in the early and localized stage; however, a proportion of patients relapse or the diagnosis is made only in more advanced stages when the therapeutic options are limited. In addition to classic hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, immunotherapy is another promising treatment modality in these stages. The development of cancer disease is a multistage process of a comprehensive nature wherein the tumour cells themselves represent a very heterogeneous population put into the context of a microenvironment of non-tumour cells and tissues, thus forming a complex tumour "ecosystem". The immune system is capable of controlling tumour cell growth in the early stages of tumour development. With advanced tumour growth, immune mechanisms become more or less paralysed and, in fact, not infrequently have a promoting effect on tumour cell proliferation. In order to be successful, anticancer therapy must take into consideration all the comprehensive aspects of interaction of the immune system and tumour cells, including the microenvironment. The article deals with the current options of immunotherapy for prostate cancer with agents that have advanced into phase III clinical trials.
- Klíčová slova
- Provenge, GVAX, PROSTVAC, DCVAC/PCa, imunitní dohled nad nádory,
- MeSH
- imunitní systém - jevy účinky léků MeSH
- imunoterapie * metody trendy MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína MeSH
- karcinom imunologie terapie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * epidemiologie imunologie terapie MeSH
- protinádorové vakcíny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- tkáňové extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH