Free radicals are believed to play an important role in many pathological states. Consequently antioxidants are receiving increased attention in medicinal research. Aspart of studies of the biological effects of the antidotes against chemical warfare agents currently used in the Czech Armed Forces, eleven compounds were assayed for their free radical scavenging activity. An optimized PC-controlled sequential injection analysis (SIA) system with spectrophotometric detection was used for evaluation of the antioxidation activity of the antidotes. The automated method is based on the known reaction of 2,2´-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) with antioxidants. Only the radical scavenging activity of the tested compound 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) was found to be weaker compared to the reference antioxidant acidum ascorbicum. Other tested antidotes did not possess any DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results obtained show that a correlation between the required biological activity (prophylaxis or treatment of intoxications by warfare agents) and possible antioxidation activity of the tested antidotes is doubtful.

• MeSH
• antidota aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky chemie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické metody   trendy   MeSH
• dimerkaprol aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• kyselina askorbová aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pikráty chemie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie metody   využití   MeSH
• volné radikály chemie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

V posledních letech znovu vzrůstá zájem veřejnosti při léčbě a prevenci nemocí o tradiční přírodní léčiva jako např. o rostlinné extrakty. Tato práce hodnotí antioxidační aktivitu a obsah fenolických látek vybraných rostlinných extraktů z léčivých rostlin, prodávaných jako potravinové doplňky s léčebným účinkem. Za použití tvorby 3–nitrotyrosinu jako markeru byl studován vliv extraktů na inhibici peroxynitritem indukované nitrace tyrosinu a výsledky byly porovnány se schopností zhášet stabilní radikál 2,2-difenyl-1-pikrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Byla zjištěna lineární korelace (r=0,929) mezi schopností zhášet DPPH a inhibovat nitraci tyrosinu. Zjištěná antioxidační aktivita byla v rozmezí hodnot 0–1702, resp. 0–1482 μmol ekvivalentu katechinu/100 ml extraktu. Celkový obsah fenolických látek byl v rozmezí hodnot 9,4–268,3 mg ekvivalentu kyseliny galové/100 ml extraktu. Signifikantní lineární vztah mezi antioxidačními aktivitami (r>0,9) a celkovým obsahem fenolických látek ukazuje, že fenolické látky jsou hlavní skupinou zodpovědnou za antioxidační aktivitu testovaných extraktů.

The recent years again saw increased interest of the public in the use of traditional natural remedies, such as plant extracts, for the treatment and prevention of diseases. This paper evaluates the antioxidative activity and content of phenolic substances of selected plant extracts from medicinal herbs, sold as dietary supplements with therapeutic effects. Using the production of 3-nitrotyrosine as the marker, the effects of extracts on the inhibition of peroxynitrite-induced nitration of tyrosine was examined, and the results were compared with the ability to extinguish the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). A linear correlation (r = 0.929) was found between the ability to extinguish DPPH and to inhibit tyrosine nitration. The found antioxidative activity ranged between values of 0-1702, or 0-1482 μmol of the catechine equivalent/100 ml of the extract. The total content of phenolic substances oscillated within values of 9.4–268.3 mg of the equivalent of gallic acid/100 ml of the extract. The significant linear relationship between antioxidative activities (r>0.9) and the total content of phenolic substances shows that phenolic substances are the principal group responsible for the antioxidative activity of the extracts tested.

• Klíčová slova
• Peroxynitrit,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• dusičnany aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• Ginkgo biloba enzymologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• tyrosin aplikace a dávkování   účinky léků   MeSH

In the food industry, in the process of creating new agricultural plant products, and in the testing of anti-cancer drugs there is often a need to assay multiple samples of low molecular weight antioxidants, plant samples and foods rich in antioxidants, with minimal additional costs and low degrees of uncertainty. With these demands in mind, we decided to study the fully automated assay of antioxidants using not only automated sample measurements but also automated processing of samples and application of reagents. The automated pipetting system epMotion 5075 and the automated spectrophotometer BS 400 were chosen for the assay purposes. Five methods were introduced for the automation: 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) based test, N,N-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene (DMPD) based test and the free radicals method. Samples containing one of the four antioxidants (standard rutin, quercitrin, ferulic and gallic acid) in a range 1–1000 μg/ml were used throughout. All of the tested methods were found suitable for implementation in an automated assay. However, some of them, such as the ABTS test failed to assay all tested antioxidants. The coefficients of determination were also unequal. From the analytical point of view, FRAP methods provided the most reliable results in the automated assay; because of the capacity of the method, approximately 240 samples per hour (one sample per 15 seconds) can be assayed using the automated protocol. We were encouraged by the data received and we expect further interest in the practical performance of such automation. As a mean of testing the robustness of our method, in the next step of our study, oxidative status was assessed in model cell lines derived from prostate cancer (PC-3, PNT1A and 22RV1) that were cultured on ellipticine (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 μmol/l) supplemented agar. Antioxidant activity was assessed (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, DMPD, FR) and calculated on the phenolic antioxidant level (rutin, quercitrin, ferulic and gallic acid), and thus an estimation was formulated of the oxidative stress as a result of the impact of anti-cancer drugs. It can be demonstrated that the new method has wide applicability.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické metody   přístrojové vybavení   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• elipticiny analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• FRAP MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• kyselina gallová analýza   chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny kumarové analýza   chemie   MeSH
• laboratorní automatizace metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• luminiscenční měření MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• protinádorové látky chemie   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• quercetin analogy a deriváty   analýza   chemie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rutin analýza   chemie   MeSH
• screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie metody   přístrojové vybavení   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• volné radikály analýza   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• statistiky MeSH
• tabulky MeSH

In the present investigation Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (petals), Acorus calamus (rhizome), Moringa oleifera (leaves) and Cucurbita maxima (petals) were screened for their efficacy against osteosarcoma with elucidating a mechanism of their anticancer potentiality. The methanolic plant extracts revealed the presence of all major phytochemicals with quantitative analysis of flavonoids (98.15 ± 2.02 to 12.34 ± 0.57 mg of RUE/g) and total phenolics (26.40 ± 0.11 to 8.54 ± 0.10 mg of GAE/g). The antioxidant activity was assessed by standard DPPH, H2O2 scavenging, NO scavenging assays. The hemolysis, hemagglutination, and erythrocyte aggregation assays unveiled their compatibility with blood components. As most of the opportunistic microbes infect subsequently immunocompromised patients, the antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts showed a zone of inhibition (in mm) against nosocomial strains of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae having MIC between 12.5–50 μg/ml. Through MTT assay the IC50 value was calculated against MG 63 osteosarcoma with detailed studies on DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, revealing apoptosis being their primary mode of anticancer effect. Further the migration and colony forming assays supported the anticancer potentials of the methanolic plant extracts. The cell cycle analysis revealed that A. calamus and M. oleifera extracts were capable of arresting the growth of MG 63 osteosarcoma cells.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• Cucurbita chemie   MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• Hibiscus chemie   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Moringa chemie   MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované účinky léků   MeSH
• osteosarkom farmakoterapie   MeSH
• puškvorec chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH

Cíl práce: Srovnání dvou hlavních chirurgických metod v léčbě algické formy chronické pankreatitidy (CHP) – pankreatoduodenektomie (klasické Whippleovy operace – PD) či pylorus zachovávající resekce podle Traversa (PPPD) s excizí hlavy pankreatu šetřící duodenum a podélnou pankreatojejunoanastomózou (PJA, Freyova operace) z hlediska pooperační morbidity, letality, ovlivnění algického syndromu a zlepšení kvality života po chirurgické léčbě. Materiál a metoda: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 104 nemocných chirurgicky léčených pro CHP. U první skupiny 48 nemocných jsme provedli resekční výkon (PD, PPPD). Indikovali jsme jej při výrazném zvětšení hlavy pankreatu nebo v případě podezření na nádor slinivky. U druhé skupiny 56 nemocných jsme provedli Freyovu operaci (duodenum preserving pancreatic head excision – DPPHE). V obou skupinách nemocných jsme prospektivně hodnotili kvalitu života a ovlivnění bolesti před a po chirurgické léčbě pomocí standardního dotazníku EORTC QLQ-C30 (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire). U obou skupin byla rovněž sledována a hodnocena časná pooperační morbidita a letalita. Výsledky: V obou skupinách jsme po chirurgické léčbě zaznamenali signifikantní pokles při hodnocení celkového skóre bolesti. V průběhu sledování po operaci došlo ke zlepšení kvality života nemocných ve skupině DPPHE o 30,4 % a ve skupině PD, PPPD o 23,2 %. Pooperační morbidita a letalita byla vyšší ve skupině nemocných po pankreatoduodenktomii, nicméně rozdíl mezi oběma skupinami nebyl signifikantní. Závěr: U obou chirurgických metod jsme zaznamenali významné ovlivnění bolesti a zlepšení celkové kvality života po operaci. Dotazník kvality života (EORTC QLQ-C30) a skóre bolesti je vhodný a použitelný pro hodnocení výsledků chirurgické léčby nemocných s chronickou pankreatitidou.

Aim of this study is the comparison of two surgical procedures in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatoduodenectomy resection (classical Whipple – PD and pylorus preserving – PPPD) with duodenum-preserving pancreatic head excision and longitudional pancreatojejunoanastomosis (DPPHE) to define the advantages of each procedure with regard to postoperative complications, pain relief, and the quality of life. One hundred and four consecutive patients were included into this study. Duodenopancreatectomy was chosen when the pancreatic head enlargement was present or pancreatic cancer could not be ruled out (48 patients); otherwise DPPHE was performed (56 patients). Quality of life was measured prospectively on two occasions, before the procedure and during follow-up (median 39 months after surgery) using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Total pain score decreased significantly after surgery in both groups of patients. During the follow-up period, the global quality of life improved to 30.4 % in the DPPHE/PJA group, and to 23.2 % in the PD/PPPD group. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were higher in the resection group, but the differences were not significant. Both surgical procedures led to significant improvement of the quality of life and pain relief after surgery for CP. The EORTC QLQ-C30 was found to be a valid and readily available test for quality-of-life assessment in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• pankreas chirurgie   MeSH
• pankreatikojejunostomie MeSH
• pankreatitida chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• pankreatoduodenektomie MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The current study explored the in vitro anticancer properties of Mesua ferrea stem bark (SB) extract towards human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. SB was successively extracted with different solvents using soxhlet apparatus. MTT assay was employed to test toxicity against different cancer and normal cell lines. Active extract (n-Hexane) was fractionated by column chromatography (CC) to get the most active fraction (F-3). Series of in vitro assays were employed to characterize cytotoxic nature of F-3. Antioxidant properties of F-3 were assessed using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays followed by GC–MS analysis. Intracellular ROS levels were measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent assay. Finally, cell signalling pathways and their downstream proteins targeted by F-3 were studied using 10-cancer pathway and human apoptosis protein profilers and in silico docking studies. n-Hexane extract and its fraction (F-3) showed potent anti-proliferative effect against HCT 116. Programmed cell death (PCD) studies showed that F-3 modulated the expression of multiple proteins in HCT 116. F-3 showed weak antioxidant activity in all the models, while significant increase in ROS was observed in HCT 116. GC–MS analysis revealed that F-3 was majorly comprised of terpenes. Data of pathway profiler and in silico studies revealed that F-3 down-regulated the expression of NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. Overall these results demonstrate that anticancer effects of M. ferrea stem bark towards human colon carcinoma are mainly due to its terpenes contents.

• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná smrt účinky léků   MeSH
• buňky NK účinky léků   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Malpighiaceae chemie   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• terpeny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Antioxidant activity of 18 fruit and vegetable juices was determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential), PCL (photochemiluminiscence) methods. Correlations between the results of individual methods and the total phenolics and anthocyanin contents were evaluated. Water and methanol extracts were applied in the determinations. In both water and methanol extracts, a significant correlation between the results of all the three methods was found. However, the correlation between the results of PCL and total phenolics content is poor. No correlation between the results of ACW and ACL was found. Antioxidant activity in the tested juices decreased in the order: blueberry > red cabbage > raspberry > sour cherry > strawberry > beetroot. Celery, carrot and cucumber are poor sources of antioxidants. The orders found by various methods do not differ significantly; DPPH, FRAP and ACL methods are interchangeable for this purpose. For complete information on antioxidant activity, application of more methods following different effects is necessary.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• zelenina MeSH

The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of raw and culinary processed shiitake mushrooms were evaluated and compared with those of lenthionine (1,2,3,5,6-penta-thiepane), the principal aroma-bearing substance of the shiitake medicinal mushroom (Lentinus edodes). Antimicrobial activity was tested using a panel of 4 strains of bacteria, 2 yeasts, and 2 fungi. Cytotoxic properties were evaluated against 3 cell lines (HepG2, HeLa, PaTu), whereas the anti-inflammatory activity of tested samples was assayed based on their ability to attenuate the secretion of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Antioxidant activity was measured using in vitro DPPH and ABTS assays. It was found that lenthionine possesses significant antimicrobial properties; it is remarkably effective in inhibiting the growth of yeasts and fungi (minimum inhibitory concentration, 2-8 μg/mL) and thus is comparable to standard antifungal agents. Lenthionine is also able to decrease significantly the production of tumor necrosis factor-a and thus could be at least partly responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effect of shiitake. On the other hand, lenthionine does not seem to contribute significantly to the well-known anticancer and antioxidant effects of the mushroom.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antiflogistika izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antifungální látky izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• buňky Hep G2 MeSH
• cytokiny účinky léků   MeSH
• cytotoxiny izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• houby šii-take chemie   MeSH
• houby účinky léků   MeSH
• kvasinky účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• thiepiny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Different plants are used for the treatment of various ailments and Acorus calamus L. is one such plant found in Western Himalaya. Rhizome of this plants has ethnomedicinal significance, as its rhizome is used for curing fever, pain and inflammation. An attempt has been made to alter the phytochemicals and increase its antioxidant property in a sustainable way with the help of mycorrhizal inoculation. AIM OF THE STUDY: Study of mycorrhizal (Funneliformis mosseae) impact on the biological activities and phytochemical profile of A. calamus L. rhizome and in silico studies of phytochemicals for their anti-inflammatory property. MATERIALS AND METHODS: F. mosseae was mass multiplied by single spore culture and then A. calamus rhizomes were inoculated with it. Antioxidant potential of rhizome extract was observed by DPPH and FRAP assays and the phytochemical profiling was done with GC-MS analysis. For observing antimicrobial activity disc diffusion method was employed. Dominant phytochemicals α-asarone and monolinolein TMS were chosen for molecular docking studies against four receptors (4COX, 2AZ5, 5I1B, 1ALU). RESULTS: There was increase in antioxidant activity of rhizome extract after mycorrhizal inoculation. However, no change in antimicrobial activity was observed in the plant after mycorrhizal inoculation. The comparison in phytochemicals was observed by GC-MS analysis which showed qualitative and quantitative variation in biochemical content in plants. The phytochemical, α-asarone and monolinolein TMS showed highest docking score and least binding energy against 1ALU and 4COX respectively for anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION: Medicinal plants are potential source of antioxidants which can be increased by mycorrhizal inoculation without addition of chemical fertilizers and also results in altering the phytochemical composition.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antiinfekční látky izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
• fytonutrienty izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• houby fyziologie   MeSH
• mykorhiza fyziologie   MeSH
• oddenek MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• puškvorec chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• tradiční lékařství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indie MeSH

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leucosidea sericea is a southern African tree used for treating different diseases including microbial infections and inflammatory-related conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: To isolate and identify the chemicals in Leucosidea sericea which possibly account for the diverse therapeutic effects of the species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leaf material was extracted using 20% methanol and subsequently partitioned with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol). Resultant fractions were subjected to bioactive (antimicrobial)-guided isolation and the structural elucidation was conducted using NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic methods. Given the broad uses of Leucosidea sericea in traditional medicine, the extract, fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated in five (5) biological assays in vitro (antimicrobial, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-inflammatory inhibition as well as cytotoxicity effect). RESULTS: As the most active fractions, from ethyl acetate yielded 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1); 1-hydroxy-2-oxopomolic acid (2); 3,5,7,3´,4´-pentahydroxyflavone (3) and Tiliroside (4). For the first time, these four (4) compounds were isolated from leaves of Leucosidea sericea. These aforementioned compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (1.95-125 µg/mL) and noteworthy antifungal (3.9-250 µg/mL) potential. In addition to its noteworthy antimicrobial activity, compound 3 also demonstrated significant antioxidant (EC50 = 14 µg/mL in DPPH assay) and anti-inflammatory (inhibited the level of ELAM by approximately 36% and decreased also the viability of endothelial cells) activities in vitro. Overall, AChE inhibition activity and cytotoxic response was generally weak for the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds. CONCLUSION: The pool of chemicals in Leucosidea sericea were enriched with the isolation and identification of four (4) compounds obtained from the leaf extract. Among these compounds, the significant antimicrobial activity of compound 3 provides strong evidence that support the use of Leucosidea sericea for microbial-related infections in folk medicine.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• antiflogistika izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antiinfekční látky izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• tradiční africká medicína MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH