Fat mass and fat-free mass have become useful clinical indices in determining healthy growth and physical development during critical periods of childhood and adolescence; however, despite a wide range of nutritional surveillance its study is limited by a lack of reference data. The purpose of this study was to establish sex-specific and age-specific standards for fat mass and fat-free mass in a large sample of Croatian children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, we collected data from 12,678 participants aged 11 to 18 years old (mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 14.17 ± 2.25 years; height 164.56 ± 11.31 cm; weight: 57.45 ± 13.73 kg; body mass index: 21.24 ± 3.67 kg/m2; 53% girls). Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured three times by bioelectrical impedance. The Lambda, Mu and Sigma methods were used to create percentile charts for fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI; fat mass and fat-free mass divided by height2). Sex and age differences were calculated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparisons. Boys had lower FMI (from 2.66 to 3.89) and higher FFMI values (from 16.90 to 17.80) in all age groups, compared to girls (for FMI from 2.79 to 5.17 and for FFMI from 14.50 to 14.90, p < 0.001). In boys, FMI slightly declined until the age of 14, after which an increase from the age of 15 to 18 was observed. In girls, FMI gradually increased from the age of 11 to 18 (p < 0.001). In general, FFMI increased by age in boys [F(7,5440) = 52.674, p < 0.001], while girls had more stable FFMI across all age groups [F(7,7222) = 2.728, p = 0.057]. The newly established sex-specific and age-specific reference data could be used for national surveillance and to screen for children and adolescents with high FMI and low FFMI.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektrická impedance MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The main purpose of the study was to examine the longitudinal associations between fat mass and fat free mass with health-related physical fitness. Two-hundred and forty 15-year old adolescent girls were measured at the baseline and after a period of 3 years (17 years). Health-related physical fitness included the following tests: (1) explosive power of the lower extremities (standing broad jump); (2) muscle endurance of the trunk (sit-ups in 60 s); (3) flexibility (sit-and-reach test); (4) muscle endurance of the lower extremities (squats in 60 s); (5) aerobic endurance (the 800 m run test); and (6) speed endurance (the 400 m running test). Fat mass and fat free mass were assessed using the bioelectrical impedance method. Longitudinal associations were analyzed with linear mixed model estimates. After adjusting for body mass index, fat mass was negatively associated with standing broad jump (β = -1.13, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 60 s (β = -0.27, p < 0.001), and squats in 60 s (β = -0.27, p < 0001), while positive associations with the 800 m running test (β = 0.02, p < 0.001) and the 400 m running test (β = 0.02, p < 0.001) were observed. On the other hand, fat free mass was positively associated with standing broad jump (β = 1.14, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 60 s (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), and squats in 60 s (β = 0.28, p < 0001), while the 800 m running test (β = -0.02, p < 0.001) and the 400 m running test (β = -0.02, p < 0.001) exhibited negative associations. This study shows that fat mass and fat free mass components are longitudinally, but oppositely associated with health-related physical fitness in adolescent girls.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Negative lifestyle trends are reflected in overweight and obese children, in which their lack of physical activity results in decreased muscle mass. This study aimed to define age- and sex-specific reference curves for body fat mass (BFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat-free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (%BF) in Czech children. METHODS: Body composition was measured by segmental bioelectrical impedance (BIA, InBody 720). The research sample included 2093 children aged 6-11 years (1008 boys and 1085 girls). Only children whose parents provided informed consent were included. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 22. The statistical analysis was performed separately by age and sex. Anthropometric data were summarized as means and standard deviation. The percentile curves (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97) of BFM, FFM, %BF, and SMM were calculated using the gamlss package in R 3.4.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). RESULTS: This study developed age- and gender-specific percentile curves of SMM, FFM, BFM, and %BF for Czech children aged 6-11 years. During childhood, BFM and %BF increased in boys, peaking at approximately 11 years of age. Girls displayed a different pattern of age-related changes in BFM and %BF compared to that in boys. These parameters gradually increased during childhood. This pattern was also observed for SMM and FFM in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this study was to serve as a reference to improve methods to evaluate body composition in Czech children and for comparison with studies worldwide.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• tělesná námaha MeSH
• tuková tkáň MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

PURPOSE: Fat free mass index (FFMI) is an independent predictor of metabolic and functional consequences in COPD. For its measurement dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), skin-fold anthropometry (SFA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) are used in clinical practice. The aim of our pilot study was to analyse precisely and critically which method is most accurate and available for common use in clinical practice for measurement of FFM by assessment against relevant DEXA in patients with COPD. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study of consecutive COPD subjects. FFM by methods of SFA, two versions of BIA, and BIS was compared with that from clinically relevant DEXA in 41 outpatients (mean age 66.5 ± 7.7 yrs) with stable COPD, 34 men and 7 women, with mean BMI 28.2 ± 6.1 kg.m(-2). RESULTS: All methods underestimate FFM in comparison with DEXA. In the general evaluation non-significant differences with the smallest mean bias were demonstrated for SFA (1.2 kg) and BIA (3.8 kg), but there was a difference of more than 9 kg using BIS and BIA COPD methods (p < 0.0001). The best agreement between DEXA and SFA was demonstrated via Lin's concordance coefficient and Bland-Altman test. CONCLUSIONS: SFA has been demonstrated as an accurate, available and cheap method for determination of FFM and FM with application of the Durnin Womersley equation for body density and with the Siri equation for FM in patients with COPD. SFA can be easily applied in routine clinical practice.

• MeSH
• absorpční fotometrie MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc * komplikace   MeSH
• elektrická impedance MeSH
• impedanční spektroskopie MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• svalová atrofie komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• tloušťka kožní řasy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: There is conflicting evidence as to whether anthropometric parameters are related to resting energy expenditure (REE) during pregnancy. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to precisely assess a major anthropometric determinant of REE for pregnant and non-pregnant women with verification of its use as a possible predictor. METHODS: One hundred fifty-two randomly recruited, healthy, pregnant Czech women were divided into groups G1 and G2. G1 (n = 31) was used for determination of the association between anthropometric parameters and REE. G2 (n = 121) and a group of non-pregnant women (G0; n = 24) were used for verification that observed relations were suitable for the prediction of REE during pregnancy. The women in the study groups were measured during four periods of pregnancy for REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters after 12 h of fasting. RESULTS: Associations were found in all groups between measured REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters such as weight, fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area, and body mass index (P < 0.0001). The best derived predictor, REE/FFM (29.5 kcal/kg, r = 0.70, P < 0.0001), in group G1 was statistically verified in group G2 and compared with G0. CONCLUSION: Anthropometrically measured FFM with its metabolically active components is an essential determinant of REE in pregnancy. REE/FFM can be used for the prediction of REE in pregnant and non-pregnant woman.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• bazální metabolismus MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kompartmenty tělních tekutin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• nepřímá kalorimetrie MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• tuková tkáň MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

Príspevok prezentuje kvalitu aktívnej hmoty (netuková hmota, svalová hmota) a segmentálnu distribúciu tekutín v tele ako predpoklad výkonu u vrcholových basketbalistiek, strieborných medailistiek Majstrovstiev sveta 2010. Získané dáta preukázali úroveň netukovej hmoty (60,96±5,35 kg) a svalovej hmoty (57,07±5,0 kg) na úrovni elitných športovcov. Tuková hmota preukázala nižšie percentuálne zastúpenie ako je dostupnou literatúrou prezentované (14,34±2,37 %). Na základe získaných dát nie je možné jednoznačne vyjadriť trend pri zastúpení u jednotlivých hráčskych postov. Segmentálne rozloženie tekutín preukázalo asymetriu v prospech dominantnej končatiny pri horných končatinách (p <0,01), čo indikuje nevyhnutnosť realizácie cvičení pre kompenzáciu zisteného bilaterálneho deficitu. V závere autori diskutujú o potrebe kontinuálneho sledovania zmien kvality telesného zloženia v zmysle pozorovania jednotlivých zložiek vody resp. priamo a nepriamo merateľných parametrov pri bioimpedančnom meraní.

The article presents active mass quality (fat free mass, muscle mass) and segmental distribution of body fluids as a prerequisite of performance in elite female basketball players, silvermedallists at 2010 World Championship. The collected data indicated the level of fat free mass (60.96±5.35 kg) and muscle mass (57.07±5.0 kg) at the level of elite athletes. Fat mass showed lower percentage proportion than it is presented by available literature (14.34±2.37 %). Based on the gained data, it is not possible to definitely express a trend in proportion for individual playing positions. Segmental distribution of body fluids revealed a symmetry in favour of a dominant upper limb (p < 0.01), whichindicatetheneed to perform exercises in order to compensate the detected bilateral deficit. In conclusion, the authors discuss the necessity of continual monitoring changes in body composition quality in terms of monitoring individual components of water or directly and indirectly measurable parameters in bioimpedance measurement, respectively.

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• basketbal MeSH
• distribuce tělesného tuku * metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• intracelulární tekutina * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• složení těla * fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná konstituce * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used in research to assess body composition. However, studies that validate the accuracy of BIA exclusively in post-menopausal women are lacking. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the agreement of multi-frequency (MF)-BIA and single-frequency (SF)-BIA with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the estimation of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) among post-menopausal women with variation in body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA). METHODS: FM and FFM were estimated by BIA and DXA in 146 post-menopausal women with a mean (SD) age of 62.8 (5.2) years. PA was determined by an accelerometer. RESULTS: The mean (SD) difference between MF-BIA and DXA was -1.8 (1.8) kg (P = 0.08) and 1.3 (1.8) kg (P = 0.01) for FM and FFM, respectively. SF-BIA provided a significantly lower estimate of FM [-2.0 (2.2) kg; P = 0.04] and a higher estimate of FFM [1.8 (2.4) kg; P < 0.01] compared to DXA. MF-BIA provided significantly better estimates of FM and FFM with narrower limits of agreement than SF-BIA in obese and insufficiently active subjects. In other BMI and PA groups, both BIA devices showed a similar deviation from DXA. CONCLUSIONS: BIA tends to underestimate FM and overestimate FFM relative to DXA. MF-BIA appears to be a more appropriate method for the assessment of body composition than SF-BIA in post-menopausal woman with BMI >30 kg/m(2) and in those who are insufficiently active.

• MeSH
• absorpční fotometrie * MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• elektrická impedance * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita patofyziologie   MeSH
• postmenopauza fyziologie   MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Obezita se stává v našich zemích epidemií. Nejčastěji se hodnotí pomocí body mass indexu. BMI je poměr hmotnost/výška v m2. Má býti do 25, lidí s BMI nad 25 je např. v USA 60%, s BMI nad 30 pak přes 30%. Je ovšem třeba vzít v úvahu, že u 25-letého muže 45% BMI je způsobeno svaly, u 70-letého pak jen 27%. Jednodušší je měřit velikost pasu. U žen má být 80 - 87 cm, u mužů 94 - 101 cm. Regulačními hormony pro udržení správné váhy jsou insulin a leptin, které stimulují hypothalamus, aby vydával signály ke snížení příjmu potravy a ke snížení tukových zásob.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• cyklobutany terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• laktony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• peptidy metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• redukční dieta metody   využití   MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• techniky cvičení a pohybu metody   využití   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• volné radikály škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zinek metabolismus   nedostatek   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

Aims This study aims to retrospectively quantify skeletal muscle mass from cardiovascular imaging studies in total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) patients and to correlate calculated muscle mass with clinical outcomes. Materials and methods Ninety-one TCPC patients at a mean age of 24.0 ±5.5 years (37 women; 40.7%) who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of their follow-up were identified in a single-center database. The cross-sectional skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the Th4 and Th12 levels was calculated from CT images, and the dorsal skeletal muscle area (SMA) at the Th12 level was measured from an MRI. Results Calculated SMI at Th12 level was 38.0 (34.5; 42.0) cm2.m-2 or 89.6 (81.9; 101.6) % of predicted values. The median follow-up from CT was 5.9 (3.1; 8.5) years, and the composite endpoint (death N=5, heart transplant N=6) was reached in a total of 11 (26.8%) patients. Patients with SMI (Th12) less than 90% of predicted values had a hazard ratio of 5.8 (95% CI: 1.2; 28.3) (p=0.03) for endpoint achievement. In the MRI group, dorsal SMA at the Th12 level was 27.6 ±5.1 cm2 in men and 20.0 ±5.8 cm2 in women. Correlations were found between SMA/kg and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) (r=0.48, p=0.0005) and fat-free mass (r=0.63, p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions A low SMI at the Th12 level was associated with a higher risk of death or cardiac transplantation. Evaluation of skeletal muscle mass using cardiovascular imaging methods allows rapid identification of individuals at risk of sarcopenia.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH