• MeSH
• apendicitida diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• peritonitida diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH

Přehledný atlas operačního léčení chirurgických chorob zahrnuje většinu onemocnění běžné chirurgické praxe.

• Klíčová slova
• chirurgické operace,
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

Přehledný atlas operačního léčení chirurgických chorob zahrnuje většinu onemocnění běžné chirurgické praxe.

• Klíčová slova
• operace chirurgické - atlasy,
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• chirurgie

Pithophora oedogonia and Cladophora glomerata survived lowest 60 and 58%, respectively, in June when the pond diurnal water temperature (PDWT) increased to a maximum of 28 degrees C. The lowering of PDWT only by 1 degrees C in July improved survivability of both algae to their almost maximum level of 100 and 96%, respectively. Further lowering of PDWT to 17-22 degrees C in November initiated akinete formation in P. oedogonia. The process of akinete initiation, maturation and germination continued till April when PDWT increased to 20-24 degrees C, but not beyond that in May when PDWT was 21-26 degrees C. By this time, probably all akinetes have germinated in situ, and the alga was entirely vegetative. P. oedogonia population is not synchronous in nature, since during the 5-6-month reproductive season, some filaments were in active vegetative stage, some had akinete initiation, some had completed akinete formation, and some had akinetes germinating. C. glomerata grew dense vegetative in November and initiated (zoo)sporangial primordia formation (to some extent) in February (when PDWT was lowest, viz. 10-14 degrees C) till April. Meanwhile, no (zoo)-sporangial primordia either produced any zoospore or germinated into a germ tube; and all released their cytoplasmic content and died (along with some vegetative cells) with an increase in PDWT to 21-26 degrees C in May. Vaucheria geminata vegetative patches appeared on the soil surface, 2nd week of January by lowering of atmospheric diurnal temperature (ADT) to 9-16 degrees C in the 1st week. The alga started sexual reproduction by the 2nd week of March (when ADT increased to 20-23 degrees C) and completed the process of reproduction by the 1st week of April (when ADT increased to 24-26 degrees C) and died thereafter. P. oedogonia, C. glomerata and V. geminata survived better and longer in submerged conditions than air-exposed (which was true for P. oedogonia and C. glomerata aquatic habitat and also indicated that the soil alga V. geminata could survive to some extent if submerged in rain water). P. oedogonia formed akinetes and C. glomerata (zoo)sporangial primordia only in submerged condition and not when air-exposed on moist soil surface. V. geminata did not complete the life cycle both under submerged and air-exposed conditions. Vegetative survival in P. oedogonia, C. glomerata, V. geminata, Aphanothece pallida, Gloeocapsa atrata, Scytonema millei, Myxosarcina burmensis, Phormidium bohneri, Oscillatoria animalis, O. subbrevis, Lyngbya birgei, L. major, Microcoleus chthonoplastes and Rhizoclonium crassipellitum, reproduction in P. oedogonia, C. glomerata and V. geminata, cell division in A. pallida and G. atrata, heterocyst and false branch formation in S. millei, all, were adversely affected at approximately 28.5 degrees C for t12 h at light intensity of approximately 160 micromol m(-2) s(-1); high intensity does not ameliorate high temperature damage to any algae. The presence of liquid water, than its absence, outside the different algae moderated the severity of heat to some extent but not when the heat was severe.

• MeSH
• Acetabularia růst a vývoj   MeSH
• buněčné dělení fyziologie   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
• financování organizované využití   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sladká voda analýza   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• viabilita buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota škodlivé účinky   MeSH

Novinky v oblasti farmakoterapie bolesti jsou jak v oblasti nových účinných látek, tak v oblasti nových lékových forem nesoucích již známé molekuly. Cílem vývoje nových léků je především snížení výskytu nežádoucích účinků, zvýšení účinnosti a docílení komfortnějších aplikačních forem. V oblasti opioidů patří mezi novinky hydromorfon s řízeným uvolňováním, fentanyl v matrixové transdermální formě a transdermální fentanyl Ionsys určený k léčbě akutní pooperační bolesti. Ionsys umožňuje – vedle stabilní základní dávky fentanylu – také pacientem řízené podání bolusu rychle se vstřebávajícího fentanylu. Ionsys bude prvním aplikačním systémem svého druhu na trhu. V oblasti antikonvulziv přichází v roce 2005 nová účinná látka pregabalin v preparátu Lyrica. V roce 2006 se pravděpodobně setkáme s novým antidepresivem s vlastním analgetickým účinkem. V oblasti neuromodulací pokračuje trend miniaturizace a prodlužování životnosti zařízení. Dva největší výrobci těchto zařízení na světě představili na 7th INS World Congress v Římě své novinky. Společnost Medtronic přichází s dobíjitelným neurostimulátorem Revita a novou programovatelnou pumpou Synchromed II. Firma ANS představila neurostimulátor Renew využívající externí zdroj energie.

New developments in the pharmacotherapy of pain have brought both new drugs and new delivery forms of already established substances. The aim of the development of new drugs is first of all reducing the occurrence of undesirable side effects, an increase in efficiency and more comfortable modes of application. The new opioid formulas include controlled-release hydromorfon, matrix transdermal delivery of fentanyl and Ionsys transdermal fentanyl for treatment of acute postoperative pain. Ionsys combines fixed background delivery of fentanyl and patient-controlled bolus administration of rapidly absorbing fentanyl. Ionsys will be the first application system of its kind on the market. Our choice of anticonvulsants grew with the new medication Pregabalin (brand name Lyrica) in 2005.We will probably encounter a new, true analgesic antidepressant next year. In the field of neuromodulation there is a continuing trend of miniaturization and prolonging the lifespan of devices.Two of the leading manufacturers of these devices introduced their new products at the 7th INS World Congress in Rome. Medtronic introduced a rechargeable neurostimulator Revita and a new programmable SynchroMed pump. ANS introduced their Renew neurostimulator (radio-frequency (RF) system) using an external power source.

• MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• bolest farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fentanyl aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• hydromorfon aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• thiofeny aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

In this paper, correlation analysis of protein and mRNA levels in the soil dwelling bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor M145) is presented during development of the population as it grew in liquid medium using three biological and two technical replicates, measured during exponential growth, and its entry into the stationary phase. The proteome synthesis time series are compared with the gene expression time series measured previously under identical experimental conditions. Results reveal that about one third of protein/mRNA synthesis profiles are well correlated while another third are correlated negatively. Functional analysis of the highly correlated groups is presented. Based on numerical simulation, the negative correlation between protein and mRNA is shown to be caused by the difference between the rate of translation and protein degradation.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteom analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• Streptomyces coelicolor genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) is a group of three streptococcal species (S. anginosus, intermedius and constellatus) that act as opportunist pathogens, among others in cystic fibrosis. Due to their fastidious character, they are both difficult to cultivate and to differentiate from less pathogenic streptococcal species, therefore being most probably underdiagnosed. Semi-selective McKay agar and NAS agar were developed to facilitate SMG recovery from clinical samples; however, direct comparison of recovery rates has not been published yet. We tested the performance of both media on 123 patient samples and demonstrated general superiority of NAS agar for SMG recovery during primary cultivation convincingly. This observation was also confirmed by quantitative drop tests during subculture. Despite the undisputed overall superiority of NAS agar over McKay agar, a smaller fraction of strains grew better on McKay agar. Inter-strain differences were the most probable explanation. Therefore, when economic conditions are not limiting and maximum recovery rate is desirable, both plates are advised to be used in parallel for primary cultivation of clinical samples.

• MeSH
• agar MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky metody   MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• skupina Streptococcus milleri izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• streptokokové infekce diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Prezentujeme případ 26leté mladé ženy s náhodně ultrasonograficky nalezeným tumorem pod levým lalokem štítné žlázy, jehož velikost během roku mírně zprogredovala. Při aspirační cytologii bylo vysloveno podezření na nádor neuroektodermového původu a bylo indikováno jeho operační odstranění. Nádor byl hladce a šetrně odstraněn, přesto se v bezprostředním pooperačním období objevuje Hornerův syndrom. Histologicky byl verifikován ganglioneurom.

We present a case of a 26 years old woman with coincidental ultrasound finding of a neck tumor, located below the left thyroid lobe. The tumor grew a little within a year of time since the initial discovery. Fine needle aspiration indicated the neuroectodermal origin of the tumor, which finding led to surgical removal of the tumor. Despite the careful and smooth operation course, post-operational Horner syndrome appeared. The tumor tissue was verified as ganglioneuroma by histopathology.

• MeSH
• chirurgie operační metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ganglioneurom * diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• Hornerův syndrom etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• krk * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory měkkých tkání * diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

While economic inequality continues to rise within countries, efforts to address it have been largely ineffective, particularly those involving behavioral approaches. It is often implied but not tested that choice patterns among low-income individuals may be a factor impeding behavioral interventions aimed at improving upward economic mobility. To test this, we assessed rates of ten cognitive biases across nearly 5000 participants from 27 countries. Our analyses were primarily focused on 1458 individuals that were either low-income adults or individuals who grew up in disadvantaged households but had above-average financial well-being as adults, known as positive deviants. Using discrete and complex models, we find evidence of no differences within or between groups or countries. We therefore conclude that choices impeded by cognitive biases alone cannot explain why some individuals do not experience upward economic mobility. Policies must combine both behavioral and structural interventions to improve financial well-being across populations.

• MeSH
• behaviorální terapie * MeSH
• chudoba * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
• zranitelné populace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

Tumor cells without mitochondrial (mt) DNA (ρ0 cells) are auxotrophic for uridine, and their growth is supported by pyruvate. While ATP synthesis in ρ0 cells relies on glycolysis, they fail to form tumors unless they acquire mitochondria from stromal cells. Mitochondrial acquisition restores respiration that is essential for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and for mitochondrial ATP production. The physiological processes that underpin intercellular mitochondrial transfer to tumor cells lacking mtDNA and the metabolic remodeling and restored tumorigenic properties of cells that acquire mitochondria are not well understood. Here, we investigated the changes in mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression that accompany mtDNA deletion and acquisition in metastatic murine 4T1 breast cancer cells. Loss of mitochondrial gene expression in 4T1ρ0 cells was restored in cells recovered from subcutaneous tumors that grew from 4T1ρ0 cells following acquisition of mtDNA from host cells. In contrast, the expression of most nuclear genes that encode respiratory complex subunits and mitochondrial ribosomal subunits was not greatly affected by loss of mtDNA, indicating ineffective mitochondria-to-nucleus communication systems for these nuclear genes. Further, analysis of nuclear genes whose expression was compromised in 4T1ρ0 cells showed that immune- and stress-related genes were the most highly differentially expressed, representing over 70% of those with greater than 16-fold higher expression in 4T1 compared with 4T1ρ0 cells. The monocyte recruiting chemokine, Ccl2, and Psmb8, a subunit of the immunoproteasome that generates MHCI-binding peptides, were the most highly differentially expressed. Early monocyte/macrophage recruitment into the tumor mass was compromised in 4T1ρ0 cells but recovered before mtDNA could be detected. Taken together, our results show that mitochondrial acquisition by tumor cells without mtDNA results in bioenergetic remodeling and re-expression of genes involved in immune function and stress adaptation.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH