Humming
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Úvod: Brumenda jsou používána při rezonančních cvičeních vokálního traktu, tvz. semi-occluded vocal tract exercises. Jsou využívána v klinické praxi – terapii a jsou součástí hlasových školení. Cílem prezentované studie bylo ověřit tréninkový a edukační efekt těchto rezonančních cvičení prováděných po dobu 2,5 měsíců s pěti studentkami se zdravým hlasem, ale bez předchozího hlasového vzdělávání. Metody: Nahrávky hlasových úkolů před a po procesu tréninku, sledování vibro –akustických parametrů pořizovaných nahrávek (elektroglotografické záznamy, analýza hlasového pole a akustických parametrů). Vstupní pohovor se subjekty, subjektivní hodnocení vlastního hlasu každým subjektem před a po skončení studie, zhodnocení stavu hlasu pedagogem před a po, zpětná vazba subjektů do deníků. Poslechové testy: percepční hodnocení metodou seřaďování a škálování, hodnocení vlastnosti lesk. Hlasový trénink: 6 lekcí + domácí trénink s nahrávkou cvičení. Výsledky: Hodnocení poslechovými testy (Seřaďovací a škálovací test – opakované hodnocení) vlastnosti lesk - vysoká míra shody všech hodnotitelů- ICC1 všech hodnocení 0,925, shodli se, že po hlasovém tréninku subjekty statisticky významně zvýšily míru lesku v hlase. Výsledky analýzy hlasového pole ukázaly statisticky významné změny na obrysech maxim VRP, které jsou typické pro přechody rejstříků. Elektroglotografie – měření rozložení kontaktního koeficientu a parametru SPR (singing power ratio) v hlasovém poli ukázalo na strategii zesílení vyšší poloviny hlasového rozsahu pomocí zvětšení addukce. Ve spodní polovině změřeno významné zmírnění kontaktního koeficientu na přechodech mezi vibračními mechanismy. Měření SPR prokázalo zvýraznění spektrálních složek v oblasti 2 – 4 kHz, typické pro profesionální mluvu i zpěv. Celkové statistické porovnání dat dokladuje nárůst SPR v střední a vyšší dynamice. Lze předpokládat obohacení spektra, a tedy i výraznější zvonivost hlasu. Tento výsledek spolu s trendovým poklesem CQd v oblasti modálního mechanismu indikuje pokles addukce. Frekvenčně obohacený hlas po tréninku je tedy tvořen se stejnou intenzitou, ale menší addukcí. To ukazuje na zlepšenou efektivitu tvorby hlasu. Měřené parametry u mluvního hlasu obecně ukazovaly na vysoce individuální změny, statisticky se potvrdilo mírné zvýšení polohy hlasu. Účastníci potvrdili tato pozorování subjektivním hodnocením zlepšení hlasové kondice, větší lehkostí při mluvě, větší dechovou výdrží, menší únavou, možností použití většího hlasového rozsahu a plynulejšími přechody z nižších do vyšších poloh hlasu. Závěr: Cvičení s brumendem se prokazuje jako metoda využitelná v hlasové edukaci a rehabilitaci, která rozvíjí základní dovednosti práce s hlasem, zlepšuje jeho kvalitu a efektivnost tvorby.
Introduction: Humming is one of semi-occluded vocal tract exercise, which is used in clinical practice - therapy and is part of voice training. The aim of the study was to verify the training and educational effect of resonance exercises at 5 students with an undamaged voice, without voice training experience over a short period of time (2.5 m.). Methods: Voice recordings of tasks before and after the training process, monitoring of acquired vibro-acoustics parameters (electroglottography, voice range profile and acoustic parameters analysis). Personal history: interview with subjects, subjective assessment of subject's own voice before and after study, assessing the state of voice by the teacher - before and after, feedback of subjects in diaries. Listening tests: evaluation of brightness by visual sort and rate method. Voice training: 6 lessons + home training with exercises recording. Results: Acoustic measurements and evaluation by listening tests (visual ranking and rating procedure) of brightness feature - high degree of agreement among all evaluators - ICC1 all evaluations 0,925, they agreed that the brightness level was significantly increased by the test subjects after the voice training. Voice range profile (VRP) Analysis results demonstrated statistically significant changes to VRP peak contours that are typical of voice register transitions. Electroglottography - measurement of contact coefficient and parameter SPR (singing power ratio) distribution in VRP pointed at the strategy of amplifying the higher half of the voice range by increasing adduction. In the lower half a significant reduction in contact coefficient was measured at the transitions between the vibration mechanisms. SPR measurement has demonstrated the enhancement of spectral components in part 2 - 4 kHz, typical for professional speaking and singing. The overall statistical comparison of data shows an increase SPR medium and higher dynamics. There can be assumed spectrum enrichment and also more pronounced ringing voice quality. This result indicates a decrease in adduction along with the trend decline in CQd in the modal mechanism. The frequency-enriched voice is created with the same intensity after the training, but less adduction. This indicates improved voice production efficiency. Measured parameters in speech voice generally showed highly individual changes. A slight increase in voice pitch was statistically confirmed. Participants subjectively evaluated improvements in voice condition, easier speech production, longer breath phrases, less fatigue, increased usable voice range, and smoother transitions between registers from lower to high positions of voice. Conclusion: Humming proves to be a method that can be used in voice education and rehabilitation, developing basic vocal skills, improving its quality and effective production.
- Klíčová slova
- hlasová terapie, rezonovaný hlas, brumendo,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hlasový trénink * MeSH
- kvalita hlasu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) are often used in voice clinics. SOVTE change the acoustic vocal tract impedance in relation to the glottis impedance, improving voice quality. However, differences among SOVTE, such as the number of vibration sources into the vocal tract, are often disregarded by clinicians. Some SOVTE present single, whereas others double source. This study aims at investigating changes in voice production pattern for a series of SOVTE. A combined exercise (tongue-trill coupled with hand-over-mouth) was implemented to illustrate the effect of a secondary source of vibration in the vocal tract. METHOD: Twenty-three healthy volunteers performed a series of SOVTE: LaxVox, straw, lip-trill, tongue-trill, hand-over-mouth, humming, and tongue-trill combined with hand-over-mouth. Comfortable phonation served as control exercise. The dependent variables were electroglottography contact quotient (CQ), contact quotient range (CQr), fundamental frequency (F0), fundamental frequency range, and difference between the first formant frequency and F0 (F1 - F0). RESULTS: A significant difference for CQr scores compared with comfortable phonation was found for the combined tongue-trill with hand-over-mouth, lip-trill, LaxVox, and tongue-trill exercises. The F1 - F0 acoustic analysis showed significant differences in scores for exercises with one versus two sources of vibration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results indicate that SOVTE should be divided into two groups, as follows: (a) steady (single sourced) with lower CQr and F1 - F0 difference (hand-over-mouth, humming, and straw) and (b) fluctuating (dual source) with larger CQr and F1 - F0 difference (tongue-trill, lip-trill, and LaxVox). Because of these differences, also different therapeutic effects can be expected. Tongue-trill combined with hand-over-mouth exhibited mixed effects of both the exercise groups.
- MeSH
- akustika řeči MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrodiagnostika metody MeSH
- fonace fyziologie MeSH
- glottis fyziologie MeSH
- hlas fyziologie MeSH
- hlasové řasy fyziologie MeSH
- hlasový trénink MeSH
- jazyk fyziologie MeSH
- kvalita hlasu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ret fyziologie MeSH
- terapie cvičením MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
27 s. : il.
Menierova choroba je charakterizovaná troma základnými symptómami – závrat, porucha sluchu a hučanie alebo pocit tlaku v uchu. Diagnostika Menierovej choroby je stále postavená viac na symtomatológii a klinickom priebehu choroby ako na výsledkoch objektívnych testov. Hoci v súčasnosti stále neexistuje objektívny test, ktorý by Menierovu chorobu jednoznačne a za každých okolností potvrdil alebo vylúčil, stále viac sa upozorňuje na možnosti využitia a prínos objektívnych vyšetrovacích metód. V priebehu dvoch rokov (2011–2012) sme vyšetrili 82 pacientov s predpokladom Menierovej choroby. Pacienti boli rozdelení do troch skupín: definitívna Menierova choroba (34 pacientov), pravdepodobná Menierova choroba (24 pacientov) a možná Menierova choroba (24 pacientov). V práci uvádzame výsledky vyšetrení týchto pacientov – otoakustické emisie, kmeňové evokované potenciály, analýzu výsledkov evokovaných potenciálov pomocou maskovania, vyšetrenie vestibulárne evokovaných potenciálov, kalorickej skúšky, elektrokochleografie a NMR vyšetrenia. Vyšetrenie pacientov s Menierovou chorobou pomocou objektívnych vyšetrovacích metód považujeme za štandardný diagnostický postup. Zhodnotenie všetkých výsledkov zvýrazňuje presnosť stanovenia diagnózy a výrazne prispieva k diagnostike včasného štádia choroby. Skoré odhalenie rozširuje možnosti výberu širšieho spektra liečby a spomalenie definitívnych zmien na zmyslovom epiteli vnútorného ucha.
Meniere's disease in a disease, which is characterized by three basic symptoms: vertigo hearing disorders and “humming” and/or feeling of pressure in the ear. The diagnostics of Meniere's disease is increasingly based on symptomatology and clinical course of the disease rather than the results of objective tests. Although an objective test, which could diagnose Meniere's disease univocally, is still missing and in order to confirm or exclude under the diagnosis all circumstances, attention is more and more paid to the possibility of using objective methods of examination. The authors examined, in the course of two years, 82 patients, where Meniere's disease was supposed to occur. The patients were divided to three groups: the established Meniere's disease (34 patients) probable Meniere's disease (24 patients) and possible Meniere's disease (24 patients). The paper describes the results of examination is these patients – oto-acoustic emissions, stem evoked potentials, analysis of the results of evoked potentials by means of auditory masking, examination of vestibular evoked potentials, caloric tests, electrocochleography Meniere's, and NMR examinations. In our opinion, the examination of patients with Meniere's disease by means of objective methods of examination is a standard diagnostic procedure. The evaluation of all results accents the precision of diagnosis establishment and contributes to diagnosis of early stage of the disease. The early discovery extends the possibilities of selecting a broader spectrum of therapy and postpones definitive changes in the sensory epithelium of inner ear.
Commentary to: CACNA1B mutation is linked to unique myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. (Hum. Mol. Genet. 2015, pp. 987-993).
- MeSH
- dystonické poruchy genetika MeSH
- gating iontového kanálu genetika MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- srdeční arytmie genetika MeSH
- vápníkové kanály - typ N chemie genetika MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sesquiterpenes, the main components of plant essential oils, are often taken in the form of folk medicines and dietary supplements. Several sesquiterpenes possess interesting biological activities but they could interact with concurrently administered drugs via inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the potential inhibitory effect of tree structurally relative sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (CAR), β-caryophyllene oxide (CAO) and α-humulene (HUM) on the activities of the main drug-metabolizing enzymes. For this purpose, rat and human hepatic subcellular fractions were incubated with CAR, CAO or HUM together with specific substrates for oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzymes and their coenzymes. HPLC, spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric analyses of product formations were used. All tested sesquiterpenes significantly inhibited cytochromes P4503A (CYP3A) activities in rats as well as in human hepatic microsomes, with CAO being the strongest inhibitor. A non-competitive type of inhibition was found. On the other hand, none of the tested sesquiterpenes significantly affected the activities of carbonyl-reducing enzymes (CBR1, AKRs, NQO1) or conjugation enzymes (UGTs, GSTs, SULTs, COMT). As CYP3A enzymes metabolize many drugs, their inhibition by CAO, CAR and HUM might affect the pharmacokinetics of concurrently administered drugs. Similar results obtained in rat and human hepatic microsomes indicate that rats could be used for further testing of possible drug-sesquiterpenes interactions in vivo.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní chemie metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 chemie metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP3A chemie metabolismus MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy enzymologie MeSH
- játra enzymologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- seskviterpeny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The present study is designed to find out if sesquiterpenes, α-humulene (HUM), valencene (VAL), β-caryphyllene-oxide (CAO) and trans-nerolidol (NER), are able to improve the antiproliferative effect of classical cytostatic drugs, 5-fluorouracil (FU) and oxaliplatin (1,2-diaminocyclohexaneoxalato-platinum, OxPt), in colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and SW-620. In addition, the possible mechanisms of sesquiterpene action are studied. The results show significant ability of HUM and especially of CAO to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of FU and OxPt in cancer cell lines Caco-2 and SW-620. On the other hand, VAL and NER are ineffective. The action of CAO could be partly based on its ability to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and to activate initiator caspases, but other mechanisms are probably also involved. Based on these results, CAO seems to have the potential for combination therapy of colon cancers and deserves further study.
- MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- fluoruracil farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový potenciál mitochondrií účinky léků MeSH
- monocyklické seskviterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory tračníku farmakoterapie MeSH
- oxaliplatin farmakologie MeSH
- polycyklické seskviterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- seskviterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide (CAO), α-humulene (HUM), trans-nerolidol (NER), and valencene (VAL) are substantial components of the essential oil from Myrica rubra leaves which has exhibited significant antiproliferative effects in several intestinal cancer cell lines, with CaCo-2 cells being the most sensitive. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of these sesquiterpenes on the efficacy and toxicity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) in CaCo-2 cancer cells and in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Our results showed that HUM, NER, VAL and CAO inhibited proliferation of CaCo-2 cancer cells but they did not affect the viability of hepatocytes. CAO, NER and VAL synergistically potentiated the efficacy of DOX in cancer cells killing. All sesquiterpenes exhibited the ability to selectively increase DOX accumulation in cancer cells and did not affect DOX concentration in hepatocytes. Additionally, CAO and VAL were able to increase the pro-oxidative effect of DOX in CaCo-2 cells. Moreover, CAO mildly ameliorated DOX toxicity in hepatocytes. Based on all results, CAO seems to be the most promising compound for further testing.
- MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- doxorubicin farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- hepatocyty účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Myrica chemie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce účinky léků MeSH
- primární buněčná kultura MeSH
- protinádorové látky farmakologie MeSH
- seskviterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
β-caryophyllene oxide (CAO), α-humulene (HUM), trans-nerolidol (NER) and valencene (VAL) are constituents of the essential oil of Myrica rubra (MEO), which has significant antiproliferative effect in various cancer cell lines. In the present study, we compared the antiproliferative effect of these sesquiterpenes alone and in combination with the cytostatic drug doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer cell lines with different sensitivity to DOX. Two ovarian cancer cell lines (sensitive A2780 and partly resistant SKOV3) and two lymphoblast cancer cell lines (sensitive CCRF/CEM and completely resistant CEM/ADR) were used. The observed effects varied among sesquiterpenes and also differed in individual cell lines, with only VAL being effective in all the cell lines. A strong synergism of DOX with NER was found in the A2780 cells, while DOX acted synergistically with HUM and CAO in the SKOV3 cells. In the CCRF/CEM cells, a synergism of DOX with CAO and NER was observed. In resistant CEM/ADR cells, sesquiterpenes did not increase DOX efficacy, although they significantly increased accumulation of DOX (up to 10-times) and rhodamine-123 (substrate of efflux transporter ABCB1) within cancer cells. In conclusion, the tested sesquiterpenes were able to improve DOX efficacy in the sensitive and partly resistant cancer cells, but not in cells completely resistant to DOX.
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- doxorubicin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetná léková rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- Myrica chemie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- seskviterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH