Lang, Jitka* Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a form of malignancy of increasing incidence and poor prognosis, with an average of less than 10% of patients surviving 5 years after being diagnosed. The main reason for this unfavorable situation is the long asymptomatic course of the disease, and the absence of a simple screening method, typically leading to the late discovery of the disease. The development of the malignancy from the initial carcinogenesis into invasive pancreatic carcinoma takes approximately 10 years. However, the progression of pancreatic cancer from early into advanced stages can be, according to the latest studies, incredibly fast, just a few months. Early stages of pancreatic malignancy can be detected only by expensive, and sometimes invasive, diagnostic methods (CT, MRI, or EUS). Due to the current absence of a reliable non-invasive screening method, it is necessary to define a group of patients who have the highest risk of PC development, five to ten times higher risk compared to the regular population at a minimum. Risk factors combine in their effect; therefore, relative risks of PC development need to be summarized to obtain a total relative risk for each person. The main and non-influenceable risk factor in the development of PC is the increasing age. The other non-influenceable risk factor of PC is a genetic predisposition - family incidence of the disease can be detected in 4-16% of patients. Some specific genes and mutations, which can play a role in PC development have already been identified (for example mutation of the PRSS-1 gene). Among the influenceable risk factors of PC is primarily smoking; obesity can play a part in PC development as well. A higher risk of PC is observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Nowadays, the relationship between PC and diabetes mellitus (DM) is hotly discussed. In the case of long-standing DM, the risk of pancreatic cancer is two times higher compared to the healthy population. However, new-onset DM can be the first sign of still asymptomatic PC. These patients, with paraneoplastic DM caused by pancreatic cancer cells, represent approximately 1% of recently diagnosed patients. However, this group of patients is still too large for screening. Because of that, it is necessary to find specific criteria to distinguish classic DM from the paraneoplastic form. The application of these criteria can help with the better stratification of risk in patients with new-onset diabetes and hence, it can help to discover PC in its early stages.
- MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- kouření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- bisfosfonáty diagnostické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nukleární lékařství metody MeSH
- radiofarmaka diagnostické užití MeSH
- radioisotopová scintigrafie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- defibrilátory implantabilní MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- draslíkový kanál KCNQ1 genetika MeSH
- Jervellův-Lange-Nielsenův syndrom genetika terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- Romanův-Wardův syndrom genetika terapie MeSH
- sourozenci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Novel biomaterials based on hydrophilic polycaprolactone and polyurethane (Tecophilic®) nanofibers with an encapsulated 5,10,5,20-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer were prepared by electrospinning. The doped nanofiber textiles efficiently photo-generate O(2)((1)Δ(g)), which oxidize external chemical and biological substrates/targets. Strong photo-virucidal effects toward non-enveloped polyomaviruses and enveloped baculoviruses were observed on the surface of these textiles. The photo-virucidal effect was confirmed by a decrease in virus infectivity. In contrast, no virucidal effect was detected in the absence of light and/or the encapsulated photosensitizer.
- MeSH
- anthraceny chemie MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie MeSH
- Baculoviridae účinky léků MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky farmakologie MeSH
- inaktivace viru účinky léků MeSH
- kapsida chemie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- polyestery chemie MeSH
- Polyomavirus účinky léků MeSH
- polyurethany chemie MeSH
- porfyriny farmakologie MeSH
- rekombinace genetická genetika MeSH
- singletový kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- textilie * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine-related side effects have a determinant role in the public decision regarding vaccination. Therefore, this study has been designed to actively monitor the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines globally. METHODS: A multi-country, three-phase study including a cross-sectional survey to test for the short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among target population groups. In the second phase, we will monitor the booster doses' side effects, while in the third phase, the long-term safety and effectiveness will be investigated. A validated, self-administered questionnaire will be used to collect data from the target population; Results: The study protocol has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, with the identifier NCT04834869. CONCLUSIONS: CoVaST is the first independent study aiming to monitor the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines following booster doses, and the long-term safety and effectiveness of said vaccines.
We evaluated brain white matter pathways associated with language processing in 37 children with specific language impairment aged 6-12 years and 34 controls, matched for age, sex and handedness. Arcuate fascicle (AF), inferior fronto-occipital fascicle (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fascicle (ILF) and uncinate fascicle (UF) were identified using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Diffusivity parameters and volume of the tracts were compared between the SLI and control group. Children with SLI showed decreased fractional anisotropy in all investigated tracts, increased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity component in arcuate fascicle bilaterally, left IFOF and left ILF. Further, bilaterally increased volume of the ILF in children with SLI was found. We confirmed previous findings indicating deficient connectivity of the arcuate fascicle and as a novel finding, demonstrate abnormal development of the ventral language stream in patients with SLI.
- MeSH
- anizotropie MeSH
- bílá hmota patologie MeSH
- difuzní magnetická rezonance MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * MeSH
- jazykové poruchy patologie MeSH
- konektom * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patologie MeSH
- nervová síť patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Dargestellt werden die Geschichte von Kurare und dessen gegenwärtige Nutzung in der Medizin. Dabei werden der Mechanismus der Wirkung der Muskelrelaxanzien und ihre hauptsächlichen Repräsentanten beschrieben. Vom Gesichtspunkt des kriminellen Missbrauchs befassen wir uns mit drei Fragen: 1. Ist es möglich, die Immobilisation der Relaxanzien bei ausreichend erhaltener spontaner Atmung zu erreichen? 2. Welches sind wirksame Applikationswege der Relaxanzien? 3. Wie lange bleibt die pharmakologische Wirkung von Kurare im Rohzustand in Depositorien von Museen erhalten?
The history of curare is being presented and its current use in medicine. The mechanism of the effect of muscle relaxants is being described, as well as their leading representatives. In terms of their criminal abuse, we deal with three questions: 1. Is it possible to achieve immobilisation with relaxants while sufficiently maintaining spontaneous breathing? 2. What are the efficient forms of application of relaxants? 3. How long does the pharmacological effect of curare last in raw state in museum depositories?
- MeSH
- kriminologie MeSH
- kurare * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervosvalové blokátory MeSH
- nervosvalové látky * MeSH
- pankuronium škodlivé účinky MeSH
- předávkování léky * MeSH
- sukcinylcholin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
