Over-commitment
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The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between work stress defined by the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model and diet quality and to examine the potential role of over-commitment (OC) personality in ERI-diet relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in random population samples of 6340 men and 5792 women (age 45-69 years) from the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland. Dietary data were collected using FFQ. The healthy diet indicator (HDI) was constructed using eight nutrient/food intakes (HDI components) to reflect the adherence to WHO dietary guideline. The extent of imbalance between effort and reward was measured by the effort:reward (ER) ratio; the effort score was the numerator and the reward score was multiplied by a factor adjusting for unequal number of items in the denominator. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to assess the associations between exposures (ER ratio and OC) and outcomes (HDI components and HDI) after adjustment for confounders and mediators. The results showed that high ER ratio and high OC were significantly associated with unhealthy diet quality. For a 1-SD increase in the ER ratio, HDI was reduced by 0·030 and 0·033 sd in men and women, and for a 1-SD increase in OC, HDI was decreased by 0·036 and 0·032 sd in men and women, respectively. The modifying role of OC in ERI-diet relationships was non-significant. To improve diet quality at workplace, a multiple-level approach combining organisational intervention for work stress and individual intervention for vulnerable personality is recommended.
- MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- dietní záznamy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- odměna MeSH
- osobnost fyziologie MeSH
- práce fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- výživová politika MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Rusko MeSH
- východní Evropa MeSH
Digital health has undergone a substantial journey over the past 40 years; my own experience of it has taken place only over a decade and a half. Of key importance during that time-period has been the shift towards putting the person at the centre. Despite this apparent commitment, it remains crucial to be alert to the challenges and threats implicit in approaches such as the quantified self and transhumanism.
- MeSH
- lékařská počítačová informatika * dějiny trendy MeSH
- telemedicína trendy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- autobiografie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené království MeSH
Pred vyše šesťdesiatimi rokmi sa priekopníci lekárskej vedy snažili s pomocou techniky ovplyvniť činnosť srdca, aby toto "obyčajné čerpadlo" dostatočne plnilo svoju fyziologickú funkciu. Výsledky ich práce sa nerodili ľahko a ani rýchlo, ale vďaka ich nadšeniu už roky môžeme vykonávať naše lekárske poslanie s dokonalou a bezpečnou technikou
Over six decades ago, our medical pioneers attemped to manipulate the heart's rythm using technology, to reach the goal for this "simple pump" to fulfil its primary physiological function. The fruits of their labour borne neither easily, nor immediately, but owing to their commitment, we could execute our medical duties using safe and state-of-the-art technology for the past several years.
- MeSH
- defibrilátory * dějiny MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny lékařství MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- O autorovi
- Peleška, Bohumil, 1921-1986 Autorita
Cílem studie bylo prozkoumat možné faktory, které se vztahují k výskytu subjektivně prožívaných studijních a pracovních strachů v období mladé dospělosti. Vzorek tvořilo 303 respondentů z projektu „Cesty do dospělosti“ (83,8 % žen, průměrný věk = 24 let; Min = 19,08, Max = 32). Metoda. Data byla získávána pomocí online dotazníků. Výpovědi o studijních a pracovních straších byly získávány metodou volných výpovědí. Dále byly administrovány tyto dotazníky – GIDS, The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, CDSE--SF, Perception of Parental Autonomy-Support and Control Scale. Z výsledků regres-ní analýzy vyplývá, že existuje vztah mezi výskytem studijních strachů, akademického vědomí vlastní účinnosti, podporou autonomie ze strany otce, pohlavím a závazkem ke studiu. Dále byl detekován vztah mezi výskytem pracovních strachů a závazkem k práci, pociťovanou kontrolou ze strany otce, pracovním úvazkem a zaměstnáním, které souvisí s plánovanou profesí respondenta. Limitem studie je především velká převaha žen ve výzkumném souboru.
Objectives. The study aimed to examine the relationship between selected factors and the presence of school and employment-related fears in young adults. Sample. Overall, the study sample comprised 303 respondents from the longitudinal project “Cesty do dospělosti” [Paths to Adulthood] (83.8 % were women; the average age of the respondents was 24 years SD = 1.47; Min = 19.08, Max = 32). Method. Questionnaire data were collected on-line. The study used self-rating scales (GIDS, The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, CDSE-SF, Perception of Parental Autonomy-Support and Control Scale.). The school fears and the employment-related fears were collected by openended questions on fears. Results. The openended answers on fears were categorized into general categories, where the school fears were the second most frequented category and the employment-related fears represented the fifth most frequented category. Regression analysis indicated that the gender, academic self-efficacy, perception of autonomy support from the father and commitment to study were significant predictors for the presence of school fears. Perception of father’s control, having an employment (mainly one related to one’s future profession) and commitment to one’s job were found to be significant predictors for the presence of employment-related fears. The results reveal that the presence of school fears was more related to the perception and evaluation of one’s own learning abilities, self-efficacy, and commitment to study. The presence of employment-related fears was more related to work experience – it was the strongest predictor. In terms of work experience, the most important influence was the experience of employment related to one’s future profession. The perception and evalu-ation of one’s own abilities did not have a significant effect on the presence of employment-related fears. Interesting was the relationship between perceived father’s autonomy support and control and the categories of fears. Higher autonomy support from the father increased the chance of school fears presence. It may be explained by a higher degree of perceived responsibility for study and the fear of disappointing parents. Higher autonomy control from the father reduced the chance of employment-related fears presence, which can be explained by the reduced responsibility for work decisions and the overall lower motivation to explore the employment area. Based on the results, it is possible to better understand the context of school and employment-related fears – the identified findings are fully consistent with the developmental challenges and characteristics of the young adulthood period. Limitations. The study impact is limited by the sample structure: the sample was over-represented by women, students, and respondents of older age group.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- práce psychologie MeSH
- psychický stres * MeSH
- strach ze zkoušky MeSH
- úzkost z výkonu MeSH
- vztahy mezi otcem a dítětem MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Take-up of dental informatics has been hampered by specialized and client issues. Creative frameworks have been grown, however ease of use issues have impacted a large number. Progresses in innovation and man-made brainpower are presently delivering clinically helpful frameworks, despite the fact that issues actually stay with adjusting PC connection points to the dental work on work space. A dental electronic wellbeing record has turned into a need in numerous nations, including the UK. In any case, experience shows that any dental electronic wellbeing record (EHR) framework can't be subordinate to, or a subset of, a clinical record. Such a future dental EHR is probably going to consolidate coordinated care pathways. Future best dental practice will progressively rely upon PC based help apparatuses, in spite of the fact that conflict stays about the adequacy of current help devices. Over the more extended term, future dental informatics apparatuses will consolidate dynamic, online proof based medication (EBM) devices, and commitment more versatile, patient-engaged and proficient dental consideration with instructive benefits in preparing.
Genomic selection (GS) potentially offers an unparalleled advantage over traditional pedigree-based selection (TS) methods by reducing the time commitment required to carry out a single cycle of tree improvement. This quality is particularly appealing to tree breeders, where lengthy improvement cycles are the norm. We explored the prospect of implementing GS for interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca) utilizing a genotyped population of 769 trees belonging to 25 open-pollinated families. A series of repeated tree height measurements through ages 3-40 years permitted the testing of GS methods temporally. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in conjunction with three unordered imputation methods applied to a data set with 60% missing information. Further, three diverse GS models were evaluated based on predictive accuracy (PA), and their marker effects. Moderate levels of PA (0.31-0.55) were observed and were of sufficient capacity to deliver improved selection response over TS. Additionally, PA varied substantially through time accordingly with spatial competition among trees. As expected, temporal PA was well correlated with age-age genetic correlation (r=0.99), and decreased substantially with increasing difference in age between the training and validation populations (0.04-0.47). Moreover, our imputation comparisons indicate that k-nearest neighbor and singular value decomposition yielded a greater number of SNPs and gave higher predictive accuracies than imputing with the mean. Furthermore, the ridge regression (rrBLUP) and BayesCπ (BCπ) models both yielded equal, and better PA than the generalized ridge regression heteroscedastic effect model for the traits evaluated.
- MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- genotypizační techniky metody MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- modely genetické * MeSH
- populační genetika MeSH
- selekce (genetika) * MeSH
- smrk genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Britská Kolumbie MeSH
The recent advances in DNA sequencing technology are enabling a rapid increase in the number of genomes being sequenced. However, many fundamental questions in genome biology remain unanswered, because sequence data alone is unable to provide insight into how the genome is organised into chromosomes, the position and interaction of those chromosomes in the cell, and how chromosomes and their interactions with each other change in response to environmental stimuli or over time. The intimate relationship between DNA sequence and chromosome structure and function highlights the need to integrate genomic and cytogenetic data to more comprehensively understand the role genome architecture plays in genome plasticity. We propose adoption of the term 'chromosomics' as an approach encompassing genome sequencing, cytogenetics and cell biology, and present examples of where chromosomics has already led to novel discoveries, such as the sex-determining gene in eutherian mammals. More importantly, we look to the future and the questions that could be answered as we enter into the chromosomics revolution, such as the role of chromosome rearrangements in speciation and the role more rapidly evolving regions of the genome, like centromeres, play in genome plasticity. However, for chromosomics to reach its full potential, we need to address several challenges, particularly the training of a new generation of cytogeneticists, and the commitment to a closer union among the research areas of genomics, cytogenetics, cell biology and bioinformatics. Overcoming these challenges will lead to ground-breaking discoveries in understanding genome evolution and function.
- MeSH
- chromozomy genetika MeSH
- cytogenetické vyšetření metody MeSH
- genom lidský * MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: The emergence of psychoactive designer drugs has significantly increased over the last few years. Customs officials are responsible for the control of products entering the European Union (EU) market. This control applies to chemicals in general, pharmaceutical products and medicines. Numerous products imported from non-EU countries, often declared as 'bath salts' or 'fertilizers', contain new psychoactive substance (NPS). REVIEW: These are not necessarily controlled under international law, but may be subject to monitoring in agreement with EU legislation. This situation imposes substantial challenges, for example, for the maintenance of spectral libraries used for their detection by designated laboratories. The chemical identification of new substances, with the use of powerful instrumentation, and the time needed for detailed analysis and interpretation of the results, demands considerable commitment. The EU Joint Research Centre endeavors to provide scientific support to EU Customs laboratories to facilitate rapid identification and characterisation of seized samples. In addition to analysing known NPS, several new chemical entities have also been identified. Frequently, these belong to NPS classes already notified to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) by the European Early- Warning System (EWS). CONCLUSION: The aim of this paper is to discuss the implementation of workflow mechanisms that are in place in order to facilitate the monitoring, communication and management of analytical data. The rapid dissemination of this information between control authorities strives to help protect EU citizens against the health risks posed by harmful substances.
RATIONALE: Unequal provision of health care contributes to the poor health status of segregated Roma in Central and Eastern Europe. Studies on the drivers and mechanisms behind this are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We explored what kinds of substandard practices health care frontline professionals engage in regarding segregated Roma and what mechanisms support such practices during the professionals' careers in care services. METHODS: Over a three-month period at five different locations in Slovakia we interviewed and observed 43 frontline professionals serving segregated Roma. Next, through qualitative content analysis we identified in the data three themes regarding kinds of substandard practices and 22 themes regarding supporting mechanisms. We organized these themes into an explanatory framework, drawing on psychological models of discrimination and intergroup contact. RESULTS: The frontline staff's substandard practices mostly involved substandard communication and commitment to care, but also some overt ethnic discrimination. These practices were supported by five mechanisms: the staff's negative experiences with people labelled "problematic Roma patients"; the staff's negative attitudes regarding segregated Roma; adverse organizational aspects; adverse residential-segregation aspects; and poor state governance regarding racism. In the course of their careers, many professionals first felt obliged and diligent regarding segregated Roma patients, then failing, unequipped and abandoned, and ultimately frustrated and resigned regarding the equal standard of care towards the group. CONCLUSIONS: Health care frontline staff's practices towards segregated Roma are frequently substandard. The psychological processes underlying this substandard care are supported by specific personal, organizational and governance features. These mechanisms cause many frontline professionals gradually to become cynical regarding segregated Roma over the course of their careers. Health care staff should be supported with skills and tools for effectively handling their own and others' racism, the culturebound and structural vulnerabilities of patients as well as related professional expectations regarding equity.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
- Romové * MeSH
- sociální segregace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- východní Evropa MeSH
Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place. A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances.
- MeSH
- popel uhelný * MeSH
- spalování odpadů * MeSH
- tuhý odpad MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
- Švýcarsko MeSH
