IntroductionPERTINENT is a pilot active surveillance system of infants hospitalised with pertussis in six European Union/European Economic Area countries (37 hospitals, seven sites).AimThis observational study aimed to estimate annual pertussis incidence per site from 2016 to 2018 and respective trends between 2017 and 2018. Pertussis cases were described, including their severity.MethodsWe developed a generic protocol and laboratory guidelines to harmonise practices across sites. Cases were hospitalised infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture. Sites collected demographic, clinical, laboratory data, vaccination status, and risk/protective factors. We estimated sites' annual incidences by dividing case numbers by the catchment populations.ResultsFrom December 2015 to December 2018, we identified 469 cases (247 males; 53%). The median age, birthweight and gestational age were 2.5 months (range: 0-11.6; interquartile range (IQR): 2.5), 3,280 g (range: 700-4,925; IQR: 720) and 39 weeks (range: 25-42; IQR: 2), respectively. Thirty cases (6%) had atypical presentation either with cough or cyanosis only or with absence of pertussis-like symptoms. Of 330 cases with information, 83 (25%) were admitted to intensive care units including five deceased infants too young to be vaccinated. Incidence rate ratios between 2018 and 2017 were 1.43 in Czech Republic (p = 0.468), 0.25 in Catalonia (p = 0.002), 0.71 in France (p = 0.034), 0.14 in Ireland (p = 0.002), 0.63 in Italy (p = 0.053), 0.21 in Navarra (p = 0.148) and zero in Norway.ConclusionsIncidence appeared to decrease between 2017 and 2018 in all but one site. Enhanced surveillance of hospitalised pertussis in Europe is essential to monitor pertussis epidemiology and disease burden.

• MeSH
• Bordetella pertussis MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• pertuse * diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pertusová vakcína MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Francie MeSH
• Irsko MeSH
• Itálie MeSH
• Norsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Monitoring effectiveness of pertussis vaccines is necessary to adapt vaccination strategies. PERTINENT, Pertussis in Infants European Network, is an active sentinel surveillance system implemented in 35 hospitals across six EU/EEA countries. We aim to measure pertussis vaccines effectiveness (VE) by dose against hospitalisation in infants aged <1 year. METHODS: From December 2015 to December 2019, participating hospitals recruited all infants with pertussis-like symptoms. Cases were vaccine-eligible infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture; controls were those testing negative to all Bordetella spp. For each vaccine dose, we defined an infant as vaccinated if she/he received the corresponding dose >14 days before symptoms. Unvaccinated were those who did not receive any dose. We calculated (one-stage model) pooled VE as 100*(1-odds ratio of vaccination) adjusted for country, onset date (in 3-month categories) and age-group (when sample allowed it). RESULTS: Of 1,393 infants eligible for vaccination, we included 259 cases and 746 controls. Median age was 16 weeks for cases and 19 weeks for controls (p < 0.001). Median birth weight and gestational age were 3,235 g and week 39 for cases, 3,113 g and week 39 for controls. Among cases, 119 (46 %) were vaccinated: 74 with one dose, 37 two doses, 8 three doses. Among controls, 469 (63 %) were vaccinated: 233 with one dose, 206 two doses, 30 three doses. Adjusted VE after at least one dose was 59 % (95 %CI: 36-73). Adjusted VE was 48 % (95 %CI: 5-71) for dose one (416 eligible infants) and 76 % (95 %CI: 43-90) for dose two (258 eligible infants). Only 42 infants were eligible for the third dose. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest moderate one-dose and two-dose VE in infants. Larger sample size would allow more precise estimates for dose one, two and three.

• MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pertuse * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pertusová vakcína MeSH
• sentinelová surveillance MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• vakcinace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: PERTINENT is an active hospital-based surveillance system for pertussis in infants. In 2019, four of the six participating European countries recommended pertussis vaccination in pregnancy. Among infants aged <2 months, we measured the vaccine effectiveness (VE) in pregnancy; among infants aged 2-11 months, VE of vaccination in pregnancy and of primary vaccination (PV). METHODS: From December 2015 to 2019, we included all infants aged <1 year presenting with pertussis-like symptoms. Using a test-negative-design, cases were infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture. Controls were those testing negative for all Bordetella species. Vaccinated mothers were those who received vaccine in pregnancy. Vaccinated infants were those who received ≥1 dose of PV > 14 days before symptom onset. We excluded infants with unknown maternal or PV status or with mothers vaccinated ≤14 days before delivery. We calculated pooled VE as 100 * (1-odds ratio of vaccination) adjusted for study site, onset date in quarters and infants' age group. RESULTS: Of 829 infants presenting with pertussis-like symptoms, 336 (41%) were too young for PV. For the VE in pregnancy analysis, we included 75 cases and 201 controls. Vaccination in pregnancy was recorded for 9 cases (12%) and 92 controls (46%), adjusted VE was between 75% [95%CI: 35-91%] and 88% [95%CI: 57-96%]. Of 493 infants eligible for PV, we included 123 cases and 253 controls. Thirty-one cases and 98 controls recorded both PV with ≥ 1 dose and vaccination in pregnancy, adjusted VE was between 74% [95%CI: 33-90] and 95% [95%CI: 69-99]; 27 cases and 53 controls recorded PV only, adjusted VE was between 68% [95%CI: 27-86] and 94% [95%CI: 59-99]. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that vaccination in pregnancy reduces pertussis incidence in infants too young for PV. In infants aged 2-11 months, PV only and both PV and vaccination in pregnancy provide significant protection against severe pertussis.

• MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• pertuse * epidemiologie   MeSH
• pertusová vakcína MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Okrem chromatografických metód a biokatalyzovaných reakcií ďalšou alternatívnou cestou získania enantiomérnych foriem ß-blokátorov je stereoselektívna syntéza. Predložená práca nadväzuje na predchádzajúce dva prehľady týkajúce sa ß-blokátorov – skupiny chirálnych liečiv a podáva prehľad doteraz publikovaných enantioselektívnych syntéz (R)- a (S)-enantiomérov β-blokátorov. V skupine arylaminoetanolov sa pri tomto type syntézy vyžíva hlavne selektívna redukcia prochirálnych ketónov za prítomnosti komplexov kovov. Enantiomérne čisté ß-blokátory aryloxyaminopropanolového typu sa syntetizujú pomocou reakcie príslušných fenolov s rôznymi chirálnymi prekurzormi ako sú (R) a (S)-chlórmetyloxirány, (S)-glycidoltozylát, (S)- alebo (R)-2,3-O- isopropylidénglyceroltozylát, E-(2S,3S)-3-trimetylsilylglycidol a (S)-3-terc-butyl-5-fenyl-oxazolidín-5-ylmetanol. Mnohé z týchto chirálnych medziproduktov je možné pripraviť z prírodných látok, ako je D-manitol a kyselina L-askorbová.

Besides chromatographic methods and biocatalyzed reactions, another alternative method of obtaining enantiomeric forms of ß-blockers is stereoselective synthesis. This paper links up with two preceding surveys concerning ß-blockers – groups of chiral agents and presents a survey of the hitherto published enantioselective syntheses of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of β-blockers. In the group of arylaminoethanols, mainly selective reduction of prochiral ketones in the presence of metallic complexes is used in this type of synthesis. Enantiomerically pure ß-blockers of the aryloxyaminopropanol type are synthesized by means of a reaction of pertinent phenols with different chiral precursors, such as (R) and (S)-chloromethyloxirans, (S)-glycidoltosylate, (S)- or (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceroltosylate, E-(2S,3S)-3-trimethylsilylglycidol and (S)-3-terc-butyl-5- -phenyl-oxazolidine-5-ylmethanol. Many of these chiral semiproducts can be prepared from natural substances, such as D-mannitol and L-ascorbic acid.

• MeSH
• aminofenoly farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• beta blokátory farmakologie   MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH

BACKGROUND: The European Association for Endoscopic Surgery Bariatric Guidelines Group identified a gap in bariatric surgery recommendations with a structured, contextualized consideration of multiple bariatric interventions. OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-informed, transparent and trustworthy recommendations on the use of sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, gastric plication, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, one anastomosis gastric bypass, and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy in patients with severe obesity and metabolic diseases. Only laparoscopic procedures in adults were considered. METHODS: A European interdisciplinary panel including general surgeons, obesity physicians, anesthetists, a psychologist and a patient representative informed outcome importance and minimal important differences. We conducted a systematic review and frequentist fixed and random-effects network meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) using the graph theory approach for each outcome. We calculated the odds ratio or the (standardized) mean differences with 95% confidence intervals for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the CINeMA and GRADE methodologies. We considered the risk/benefit outcomes within a GRADE evidence to decision framework to arrive at recommendations, which were validated through an anonymous Delphi process of the panel. RESULTS: We identified 43 records reporting on 24 RCTs. Most network information surrounded sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Under consideration of the certainty of the evidence and evidence to decision parameters, we suggest sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass over adjustable gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and gastric plication for the management of severe obesity and associated metabolic diseases. One anastomosis gastric bypass and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy are suggested as alternatives, although evidence on benefits and harms, and specific selection criteria is limited compared to sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The guideline, with recommendations, evidence summaries and decision aids in user friendly formats can also be accessed in MAGICapp: https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/Lpv2kE CONCLUSIONS: This rapid guideline provides evidence-informed, pertinent recommendations on the use of bariatric and metabolic surgery for the management of severe obesity and metabolic diseases. The guideline replaces relevant recommendations published in the EAES Bariatric Guidelines 2020.

• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie * metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• film jako téma MeSH
• gastrektomie metody   MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• laparoskopie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidní obezita * chirurgie   MeSH
• síťová metaanalýza MeSH
• systém GRADE MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• žaludeční bypass * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

Chronic mesenteric ischaemia is a severe and incapacitating disease, causing complaints of post-prandial pain, fear of eating and weight loss. Even though chronic mesenteric ischaemia may progress to acute mesenteric ischaemia, chronic mesenteric ischaemia remains an underappreciated and undertreated disease entity. Probable explanations are the lack of knowledge and awareness among physicians and the lack of a gold standard diagnostic test. The underappreciation of this disease results in diagnostic delays, underdiagnosis and undertreating of patients with chronic mesenteric ischaemia, potentially resulting in fatal acute mesenteric ischaemia. This guideline provides a comprehensive overview and repository of the current evidence and multidisciplinary expert agreement on pertinent issues regarding diagnosis and treatment, and provides guidance in the multidisciplinary field of chronic mesenteric ischaemia.

• MeSH
• arteriae mesentericae diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• CT angiografie MeSH
• gastroenterologie metody   normy   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• kontrastní látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční angiografie metody   MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech metody   normy   MeSH
• mezenteriální ischemie diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace MeSH
• radiologie metody   normy   MeSH
• společnosti lékařské normy   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• týmová péče o pacienty normy   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• očkovací programy MeSH
• regionální programy zdravotní péče MeSH
• vakcíny proti papilomavirům MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nizozemsko MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• gynekologie a porodnictví
• onkologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

Renal epithelial cell tumors are composed of a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. A "histo-molecular" approach is now an integral part of defining renal tumors, aiming to be clinically and therapeutically pertinent. Most renal epithelial tumors including the new and emerging entities have distinct molecular and genetic features which can be detected using various methods. Most renal epithelial tumors can be diagnosed easily based on pure histologic findings with or without immunohistochemical examination. Furthermore, molecular-genetic testing can be utilized to assist in arriving at an accurate diagnosis. In this review, we presented the most current knowledge concerning molecular-genetic aspects of renal epithelial neoplasms, which potentially can be used in daily diagnostic practice.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The Nigerian industrial relations environment is not one that is envied by many, as it is filled with so many controversies, incessant disputes and strikes. This scenario has led many to call for an overhaul of the system, but before that is done, it will be most beneficial to seek the views of all stakeholders to ascertain the best path of action. In view of that, it becomes pertinent to seek the views of the different groups that constitute the work force, which is made up of 46% women and 54% men. The argument here is that the majority of women do not show interest in government and its policies, and this lack of interest may affect the way they view the government and its performance. To ascertain men and womens perception of how effective the process of managing industrial crises in Nigeria is, this paper used a time survey method to administer 507 questionnaires to both men and women. The data retrieved shows that 68% of females in the study do feel that the government is effective in its management of industrial disputes in Nigeria. This was in sharp contrast to 70% of the males in the study who feel that the government is grossly ineffective in its management of industrial disputes. This study therefore shows that the gender of an individual can affect the way the person perceives and evaluates issues. Womens position may have been influenced by gender roles assigned by society. It is recommended that parents should allow children to develop an interest in all subject matter, while women advocate groups should do so by encouraging women to take interest in matters pertaining to government, policies and trade unionism. Trade unions should regularly inform and educate their members.

• MeSH
• genderová identita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muži MeSH
• nesouhlas a spor MeSH
• politika MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stávky zaměstnanců MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• ženy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nigérie MeSH

A test-statistic typically employed in the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) prevents this method from being genuinely multivariate. In particular, this statistic is insensitive to changes in the correlation structure of the gene sets of interest. The present paper considers the utility of an alternative test-statistic in designing the confirmatory component of the GSEA. This statistic is based on a pertinent distance between joint distributions of expression levels of genes included in the set of interest. The null distribution of the proposed test-statistic, known as the multivariate N-statistic, is obtained by permuting group labels. Our simulation studies and analysis of biological data confirm the conjecture that the N-statistic is a much better choice for multivariate significance testing within the framework of the GSEA. We also discuss some other aspects of the GSEA paradigm and suggest new avenues for future research.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• modely genetické MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH