• MeSH
• chronická renální insuficience MeSH
• elektronické zdravotní záznamy * MeSH
• informační systémy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• software * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Excimer laser refractive surgery is a procedure performed worldwide to solve refractive errors and reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses. There has been an increase in the number of procedures performed around the world. Myopia is the most common indication for corneal photorefractive surgery. Myopic patients have a higher risk of developing some type of glaucoma in their lifetime, such as primary open-angle glaucoma and others. Refractive surgery ablates central corneal stromal tissue, altering its thickness and biomechanics, which in turn makes it difficult to accurately measure intraocular pressure (IOP), since it underestimates it. This underestimation of IOP may delay the diagnosis of de novo glaucoma in patients with a history of refractive surgery. Each patient who wishes to undergo corneal refractive surgery should undergo a thorough glaucoma examination in order to monitor and detect the possible development and / or progression of glaucoma. A very useful practical approach is to perform a series of IOP measurements before and after surgery, when the eye is already stable, and the difference between the averages of the two sets of readings can then be used as a personalised correction factor for postoperative IOP monitoring in that eye. Also, if there is any suspicion of a possible glaucoma, paraclinical tests, such as coherent optical tomography of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), visual fields and photos of the optic nerve should be requested. All this data prior to refractive surgery should be provided to these patients, so that they can save it and give it to their treating ophthalmologists in the future.

• MeSH
• glaukom s otevřeným úhlem * chirurgie   MeSH
• glaukom * chirurgie   MeSH
• laserová modelace rohovky pod rohovkovou lamelou * MeSH
• lasery excimerové terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• refrakční chirurgické výkony * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Cronobacter sakazakii is a pathogen that causes severe diseases such as meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants under 12 months, associated with the consumption of contaminated rehydrated powdered infant formula (PIF). We present seven C. sakazakii genome sequences isolated from PIF and dairy products in Chile in 2017.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aims: To describe the aetiology and microbial susceptibility profile of endophthalmitis cases treated at an ophthalmological referral centre in Colombia. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out with all endophthalmitis cases referred to the Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL (Floridablanca, Colombia) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015. Results: 121 eyes of 121 patients were evaluated. 77.7% of them were male and the mean age was 42.9 years. Five of them (4.1%) corresponded to endogenous endophthalmitis, and 116 (95.9%) to exogenous endophthalmitis. Of the latter, 66.9% were associated with trauma (almost one-half of them associated with intraocular foreign body), and 29.5% with intraocular surgery. The most common isolated microorganisms in the exogenous endophthalmitis group corresponded to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, which were mostly susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin and moxifloxacin and resistant to ceftazidime. Conclusion: Endophthalmitis is a potentially sight-threatening condition, especially in cases of inadequate treatment. Therefore, antimicrobial therapy should be guided by vitreous humour culture to assure that the causative microorganism is susceptible to the selected agent. The results of our study lead us to propose vancomycin, moxifloxacin or imipenem as first-line antimicrobial options.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• endoftalmitida * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• imipenem terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• moxifloxacin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• oční infekce bakteriální farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• vankomycin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

ABSTRACT: Cronobacter is a bacterial genus that includes seven species, and the species Cronobacter sakazakii is most related to meningitis and septicemia in infants associated with powdered infant formula (PIF). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of C. sakazakii and to determine the microbiological quality of PIF for infant consumption. To do this, a total of 128 PIF samples were analyzed in four brands and countries (Chile, Mexico, Holland, and Brazil), considering three types of PIF: premature (PIF1), infant (PIF2), and follow-up (PIF3). Aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) were assessed in accordance with Chilean official standards. The outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene was amplified to detect Cronobacter spp. and the fusA gene was amplified to identify C. sakazakii by using the PubMLST Web site and BLAST (NCBI). The antibiotic resistance profile was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. The pathogen was quantified by the most probable number (MPN). The results showed that APC median values for PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 were 3.2, 4.9, and 4.8 log CFU g-1, respectively. The APC were higher in PIF2 (P < 0.01) from Holland (P < 0.01) in the commercial brand 4 (P < 0.01). The ENT median values in PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.7 log CFU g-1, respectively. Five strains of C. sakazakii and one strain of Cronobacter malonaticus were identified as having values between 0.023 and 2.3 MPN/g. All strains (100%) harbored the ompA, plasminogen activator (cpa), and hemolysin (hly) virulence genes. To conclude, C. sakazakii was found in four PIF samples from four Chilean products and one from Mexico, which is distributed throughout America. C. sakazakii strains exhibit virulence factors and resistance to ampicillin, thus posing a risk when PIFs are consumed by infants. HIGHLIGHTS:

• MeSH
• Cronobacter sakazakii * MeSH
• Cronobacter MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhražky mateřského mléka * mikrobiologie   normy   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Chile MeSH
• Latinská Amerika MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH
• Nizozemsko MeSH

Topically applied camphor elicits a sensation of cool, but nothing is known about how it affects cold temperature sensing. We found that camphor sensitizes a subpopulation of menthol-sensitive native cutaneous nociceptors in the mouse to cold, but desensitizes and partially blocks heterologously expressed TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8). In contrast, camphor reduces potassium outward currents in cultured sensory neurons and, in cold nociceptors, the cold-sensitizing effects of camphor and menthol are additive. Using a membrane potential dye-based screening assay and heterologously expressed potassium channels, we found that the effects of camphor are mediated by inhibition of Kv7.2/3 channels subtypes that generate the M-current in neurons. In line with this finding, the specific M-current blocker XE991 reproduced the cold-sensitizing effect of camphor in nociceptors. However, the M-channel blocking effects of XE991 and camphor are not sufficient to initiate cold transduction but require a cold-activated inward current generated by TRPM8. The cold-sensitizing effects of XE991 and camphor are largest in high-threshold cold nociceptors. Low-threshold corneal cold thermoreceptors that express high levels of TRPM8 and lack potassium channels are not affected by camphor. We also found that menthol--like camphor--potently inhibits Kv7.2/3 channels. The apparent functional synergism arising from TRPM8 activation and M-current block can improve the effectiveness of topical coolants and cooling lotions, and may also enhance TRPM8-mediated analgesia.

• MeSH
• kafr farmakologie   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPM genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• menthol farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nervová vlákna nemyelinizovaná účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• nociceptory metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• spinální ganglia účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• termoreceptory metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• vnímání teploty účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cronobacter spp. are Gram-negative, facultative-anaerobic, non-spore forming, enteric coliform bacteria, which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that have brought rare but life-threatening infections such as meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bloodstream infections in neonates and infants. Information on the diversity, pathogenicity and virulence of Cronobacter species obtained from various sources is still relatively scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to examine and analyse different pathogenicity and virulence factors among C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus strains isolated from clinical samples. METHODS: The thirty-six clinical Cronobacter strains have been used in this study. This bacterial collection consists of 25 strains of C. sakazakii and 11 strains of C. malonaticus, isolated from different clinical materials. Seven genes (ompA, inv, sip, aut, hly, fliC, cpa) were amplified by PCR. Moreover, the motility and the ability of these strains to adhere and invade human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and mouse neuroblastoma (N1E-115) cell lines were investigated. RESULTS: Our results showed that all tested strains were able to adhere to both used cell lines, HT-29 and N1E-115 cells. The invasion assay showed that 66.7% (24/36) of isolates were able to invade N1-E115 cells while 83% (30/36) of isolates were able to invade HT-29 cells. On the average, 68% of the C. sakazakii strains exhibited seven virulence factors and only 18% in C. malonaticus. All strains amplified ompA and fliC genes. The other genes were detected as follow: sip 97% (35/36), hlyA 92% (33/36), aut 94% (34/36), cpa 67% (24/36), and inv 69% (25/36). CONCLUSIONS: C. sakazakii and C malonaticus strains demonstrate the diversity of the virulence factors present among these pathogens. It is necessary to permanently monitor the hospital environment to appropriately treat and resolve cases associated with disease. Furthermore, in-depth knowledge is needed about the source and transmission vehicles of pathogens in hospitals to adopt pertinent prevention measures.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• Cronobacter genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• cytologické techniky MeSH
• endocytóza MeSH
• enterobakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci přenášené potravou mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A collaborative effort was carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GHEP-ISFG) to promote knowledge exchange between associate laboratories interested in the implementation of indel-based methodologies and build allele frequency databases of 38 indels for forensic applications. These databases include populations from different countries that are relevant for identification and kinship investigations undertaken by the participating laboratories. Before compiling population data, participants were asked to type the 38 indels in blind samples from annual GHEP-ISFG proficiency tests, using an amplification protocol previously described. Only laboratories that reported correct results contributed with population data to this study. A total of 5839 samples were genotyped from 45 different populations from Africa, America, East Asia, Europe and Middle East. Population differentiation analysis showed significant differences between most populations studied from Africa and America, as well as between two Asian populations from China and East Timor. Low FST values were detected among most European populations. Overall diversities and parameters of forensic efficiency were high in populations from all continents.

• MeSH
• databáze nukleových kyselin MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting MeSH
• etnicita genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• laboratoře statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
• mutace INDEL * MeSH
• populační genetika * MeSH
• rasové skupiny genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, members of the Hippo signaling pathway, which play a critical role in cell growth regulation, embryonic development, regeneration, proliferation, and cancer origin and progression. The mechanism involves the nuclear binding of the un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ complex to release the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) from its repressors. The active ternary complex is responsible for the aforementioned biological effects. Overexpression of YAP/TAZ has been reported in cancer stem cells and tumor resistance. The resistance involves chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ pathways' role in carcinogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Potential therapeutic alternatives are also discussed.

• MeSH
• buněčný převod mechanických signálů MeSH
• chemorezistence MeSH
• karcinogeneze metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
• signální proteiny YAP * MeSH
• transkripční koaktivátor s motivem vázajícím se na PDZ metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

We previously demonstrated that alkyl gallates coupled to triphenylphosphine have a selective and efficient antiproliferative effect by inducing mitochondrial uncoupling in vitro due to the increased mitochondrial transmembrane potential of tumor cells. Therefore, in this work, the in vivo antitumor activities of alkyl gallate triphenylphosphonium derivatives (TPP(+)C8, TPP(+)C10 and TPP(+)C12) were evaluated in a syngeneic murine model of breast cancer. We found that TPP(+)C10 increased the cytosolic ADP/ATP ratio and significantly increased the AMP levels in a concentration-dependent manner in TA3/Ha murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, TPP(+)C10 induced a decrease in the levels of cellular proliferation markers and promoted caspase-3 activation in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, TPP(+)C10 inhibited tumor growth in the syngeneic mouse model. Importantly, 30days of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the combination of TPP(+)C10 (10mg/kg/48h) and the antibiotic doxycycline (10mg/kg/24h) completely eliminated the subcutaneous tumor burden in mice (n=6), without any relapses at 60days post-treatment. This enhancement of the individual activities of TPP(+)C10 and doxycycline is due to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by TPP(+)C10 and the inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis by doxycycline, as demonstrated by loss of mitochondrial mass and overexpression of PGC1-α as an adaptive response. Moreover, i.p. administration of TPP(+)C10 (10mg/kg/24h) to healthy mice did not produce toxicity or damage in organs important for drug metabolism and excretion, as indicated by hematological, biochemical and histological assessments. These findings suggest that the combination of TPP(+)C10 with doxycycline is a valuable candidate therapy for breast cancer management.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom farmakoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát metabolismus   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• biogeneze organel MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• doxycyklin farmakologie   MeSH
• experimentální nádory mléčných žláz farmakoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kaspasa 3 metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• mitochondrie účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prsu u mužů farmakoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidativní fosforylace účinky léků   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie farmakologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku účinky léků   MeSH
• tumor burden účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH