• MeSH
• cauda equina * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfomatózní neuropatie * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Extra­‐axiální nádory vycházejí z tkání zevně od pia mater (z arachnoidey, dury mater nebo kosti) a jsou anatomicky oddělené od parenchymu centrální nervové soustavy. Z patologického hlediska představují tyto nádory různorodou skupinu lézí s proměnlivými morfologickými, biologickými, genetickými a klinickými charakteristikami. Taktéž patří do širokého spektra histopatologických podskupin v současné 5. edici WHO klasifikace nádorů CNS. Tento článek poskytuje stručný přehled o spektru těchto nádorů, jejich genetice a úskalích v diferenciální diagnostice. Hlavní důraz je kladen na meningiomy, nádory kraniálních a paraspinálních nervů, ne­‐meningoteliální mezenchymální nádory, sekundární nádory mozkových plen a pseudotumory mozkových plen.

Extra-axial tumors originate from tissues outside the pia mater (arachnoid, dura mater, bone), distinct anatomically from the central nervous system parenchyma. Pathologically, these tumors comprise a diverse range of lesions with varying morphological, biological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. They are classified into numerous histopathological subgroups in the latest 5th edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors. This article offers a concise overview of these tumors, exploring their genetic aspects and addressing key considerations in differential diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on meningiomas, cranial and paraspinal nerve tumors, non-meningothelial mesenchymal tumors, secondary meningeal tumors, and meningeal pseudotumors.

• MeSH
• cauda equina patologie   MeSH
• hemangioblastom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• hemangiopericytom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom patologie   MeSH
• meningeální nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• meningy patologie   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory centrálního nervového systému * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neurilemom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neurofibrom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• sekundární malignity patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Our study aims to compare the results of preoperative radiography and intraoperative visual assessment of the cartilage with histological assessment of joint surfaces of the medial and lateral compartments resected in patients during the total knee replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cohort included 20 patients (9 men and 11 women) with the mean age of 66.6 (±7.0) years who met the inclusion criteria of the study. Degenerative changes of the knee joint seen on a preoperative weight-bearing anteroposterior X-ray were evaluated according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system separately for the medial and lateral compartment. Based on the visual appearance, the condition of articular surfaces was assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society Score (ICRS Grade). The histological assessment of degenerative changes was conducted by a pathologist with the use of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System based on six grades of articular cartilage degeneration. RESULTS: The mean degree of degenerative changes based on the radiological classification was assessed as 3.5 (±0.6) for the medial compartment and 2.1 (±0.4) for the lateral compartment. The visually assessed chondropathy according to the ICRS Grade was 3.7 (±0.6) for the medial femoral condyle and 1.8 (±1.0) for the lateral femoral condyle. The histological score obtained using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment was 4.9 (±1.1) for the medial femoral condyle and 2.4 (±0.7) for the lateral femoral condyle. In respect of the medial compartment, there was no statistically significant parametric correlation between the intraoperative visual assessment of the cartilage degeneration and the preoperative radiological grade r = 0.45. The histological assessment showed a statistically significant concordance both with the degree of chondropathy r = 0.76 and the radiological grade r = 0.64. In the lateral compartment, the parametric test showed a statistically significant concordance only between the radiological grade and the histological score r = 0.72. The correlation between the visual assessment of chondropathy and the radiological grade r = 0.27 as well as the histological score r = 0.24 was very low. DISCUSSION: In our cohort assessing the early degenerative changes of the lateral compartment as well as the more advanced degenerative changes of the medial compartment, the correlation between the intraoperative assessment of cartilage degeneration as a diagnostic method to examine the lateral compartment and the preoperative radiological grade was not confirmed. Our results failed to confirm a better reporting value of the visual cartilage degeneration assessment of the lateral compartment as against the preoperative X-ray. The space width without narrowing on an X-ray has no reporting value for this compartment in case of varus deformity. CONCLUSIONS: The results clearly indicate that the assessment of macroscopic appearance of the cartilage degeneration during arthroscopy does not necessarily guarantee good long-term clinical outcomes after high tibial osteotomy. The respective degrees of cartilage degeneration identified during the intraoperative visual assessment and the radiological grading of osteoarthritic changes did not correlate in either compartment. In the lateral compartment, the initial radiological and histological findings preceded the visually detectable cartilage changes. KEY WORDS: knee, cartilage, osteoarthritis, radiology, histology, arthroscopy, osteotomy.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• radiografie * metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• glioblastom * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

U 66letého muže byl na kůži zad diagnostikován 6 mm veliký vzácný kožní nádor vlasového folikulu s dvojí buněčnou populací: 1. epitelem s diferenciací do vlasových struktur a matrix, 2. dendritickými melanocyty. Dva roky po radikální excizi je pacient bez známek recidivy či generalizace onemocnění. Klíčová slova: melanocytární matrikom - nádory vlasového folikulu - nádory kožních adnex – matrikom

A rare skin tumor (melanocytic matricoma), 6 mm in diameter, was diagnosed on the skin of the back in a 66-year-old man. It was composed of two cellular types: 1. epithelial cells with hair follicle differentiation and 2. dendritic melanocytes. After two years of follow-up there are no signs of a relapse or generalisation of the tumor. Keywords: melanocytic matricoma - tumors of hair follicle - adnexal skin tumors – matricoma

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanocyty * patologie   MeSH
• nádory kožních adnex * diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• nádory kůže diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci vlasů patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vlasový folikul * patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Stem cells biology is one of the most frequent topic of physiological research of today. Spinal fusion represents common bone biology challenge. It is the indicator of osteoinduction and new bone formation on ectopic model. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple model of spinal fusion based on a rat model including verification of the possible use of titanium microplates with hydroxyapatite scaffold combined with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Spinous processes of two adjacent vertebrae were fixed in 15 Wistar rats. The space between bony vertebral arches and spinous processes was either filled with augmentation material only and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane (Group 1), or filled with augmentation material loaded with 5 × 10⁶ MSCs and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane (Group 2). The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after the surgery. Histology, histomorphometry and micro-CT were performed. The new model of interspinous fusion was safe, easy, inexpensive, with zero mortality. We did not detect any substantial pathological changes or tumor formation after graft implantation. We observed a nonsignificant effect on the formation of new bone tissue between Group 1 and Group 2. In the group with MSCs (Group 2) we described minor inflamatory response which indicates the imunomodulational and antiinflamatory role of MSCs. In conclusion, this new model proved to be easy to use in small animals like rats.

• MeSH
• bederní obratle patofyziologie   radiografie   chirurgie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• fúze páteře škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• hydroxyapatit MeSH
• kostní destičky MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• osteogeneze MeSH
• osteointegrace MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• protézy - design MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
• titan MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This report describes the histological characteristics of large human bone defects that were implanted with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Samples were obtained longer after the primary operation than in the earlier studies. We assessed a total of nine biopsies taken 33-208 weeks after implantation. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for general observation, with Gomori stain to visualize the reticulin fibers, and with an antibody against tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP) to characterize the cells. Ongoing bone remodeling was observed even 208 weeks after implantation as determined by the presence of osteoclasts and active osteoblasts and new woven and lamellar bone. We observed multinuclear giant cells phagocytosing the biomaterial and the attachment of osteoclasts to the β-TCP. The osteoclasts showed intense TRAP positivity, while the giant cells showed variable TRAP positivity. There was a zonal pattern in the original defects: The central regions showed granules and fibrous septa, while peripheral areas showed a layer of new bone formation. These data demonstrate ongoing bone remodeling long after implantation in the peripheral regions of the original defects as well as fibrous changes in the central regions and phagocytosis of biomaterial by multinuclear giant cells.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosforečnany vápenaté terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň patologie   MeSH
• kostní náhrady terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci kostí patologie   terapie   MeSH
• osteoblasty patologie   MeSH
• osteoklasty patologie   MeSH
• remodelace kosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PURPOSE: Vertebral body defects represent one of the most common orthopedic challenges. In order to advance the transfer of stem cell therapies into orthopedic clinical practice, we performed this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a composite bioartificial graft based on a hydroxyapatite bone scaffold (CEM-OSTETIC(®)) combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a rat model of vertebral body defects. METHODS: Under general isoflurane anesthesia, a defect in the body of the L2 vertebra was prepared and left to heal spontaneously (group 1), implanted with scaffold material alone (group 2), or implanted with a scaffold together with 0.5 million MSCs (group 3) or 5 million MSCs (group 4). The rats were killed 8 weeks after surgery. Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the implant as well as micro-CT imaging of the vertebrae were performed. RESULTS: We observed a significant effect on the formation of new bone tissue in the defect in group 4 when compared to the other groups and a reduced inflammatory reaction in both groups receiving a scaffold and MSCs. We did not detect any substantial pathological changes or tumor formation after graft implantation. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs in combination with a hydroxyapatite scaffold improved the repair of a model bone defect and might represent a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of vertebral bone defects.

• MeSH
• bederní obratle zranění   patologie   radiografie   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• hydroxyapatit * MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• poranění páteře patologie   radiografie   terapie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury * MeSH
• transplantace kostí metody   MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• břišní dutina MeSH
• bronchogenní cysta diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH