Q93273358
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In recent years, increased rates of yeast infections in humans and animals have been recognized worldwide. Since animals may represent a source of yeast infections for humans, knowing the antifungal susceptibility profile of yeast isolates from milk and evaluating their pathogenic potential would be of great medical importance. Therefore, the aim of this survey was to study yeast diversity in milk samples, analyze the hemolytic and phospholipase activities of isolates and determine minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for fluconazole, voriconazole and flucytosine. Out of 66 yeast isolates obtained from 910 individual raw milk samples from subclinically infected cows, 26 different yeast species were determined based on sequencing of the D1/D2 and ITS regions. Among them, Pichia kudriavzevii (formerly known as Candida krusei), Kluyveromyces marxianus (formerly known as Candida kefyr) and Debaryomyces hansenii (formerly known as Candida famata) were the most commonly identified. Hemolysin and/or phospholipase activity was observed in 66.7% of isolates. The elevated MIC for fluconazole was determined in 16 isolates from 11 species. The findings of this study demonstrate that yeast isolates from raw milk have the potential to express virulence attributes such as hemolysin and phospholipase, and additionally, some of these strains showed elevated MIC to fluconazole or to flucytosine.LAY SUMMARY: We identified 66 yeast isolates, including 26 different yeast species from 910 individual milk samples. Our results indicate that individual milk samples may serve as a source of yeasts with the potential to trigger infection and may have reduced sensitivity to tested antifungal agents.
The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence * genetika MeSH
- Lactobacillus * klasifikace metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie metody MeSH
- probiotika klasifikace MeSH
- zajištění potravin metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Naklíčená semena jsou potraviny bohaté na vitaminy, minerální látky, bílkoviny, enzymy a další pro tělo prospěšné látky. Z tohoto důvodu se v posledních letech zvýšil jak prodej, tak i domácí příprava naklíčených semen. Při procesu klíčení však nastávají ideální podmínky pro růst patogenních i nepatogenních mikroorganizmů a konzumace naklíčených semen může představovat zvýšené riziko alimentárních onemocnění. Výrobci i dozorové orgány proto dbají na preventivní opatření proti jejich kontaminaci a zároveň semena i již naklíčená semena před distribucí ke spotřebiteli testují na přítomnost patogenních mikroorganizmů. Legislativně jsou stanovena kritéria pro Listeria monocytogenes a Salmonella spp.
Sprouted seeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, enzymes and other beneficial substances for the body. For this reason, increasing sales and home production of these sprouts are recorded. However, the process of germination represents ideal conditions for the growth of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, any contamination with pathogenic microorganisms at the beginning or during the production poses a risk of foodborne infection. Manufacturers and supervisory authorities follow measures to prevent contamination and the seeds and sprouts are tested for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The production of sprouts has legislatively defined food safety criteria for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.
- MeSH
- jedlá semena * MeSH
- klíčení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Different methods for the detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (MAA) in naturally infected hens were compared. They included the conventional culture method (solid Herrold's and Stonebrink media and liquid Sula medium) and newly developed liquid culture systems, the manual mycobacteria growth indicator tube (M-MGIT) and the fully automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system (A-MGIT). 152 tissues originating from 15 naturally infected hens have been processed. The overall detection rates (percentage of positive cultures from the number of positive cultures determined by all the methods together) were 60, 70 and 76 % for the conventional media, M-MGIT and A-MGIT systems, respectively, the mean time of mycobacteria detection being 32.6, 17.6 and 14.6 d, respectively. The lowest contamination rate (2.0 %) was found in A-MGIT compared with M-MGIT (4.6 %) and conventional media (10.4 %).
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky veterinární MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- kultivační média metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační techniky veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- Mycobacterium izolace a purifikace metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
The possibility that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) plays some role in the development of Crohn's disease in humans is attracting attention to milk and milk products originating from infected animals. In this study, we focused on the detection of MAP in 220 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from all dairy cattle herds in Cyprus. In total, 63 (28.6%) BTM milk samples were found to be positive for MAP using quantitative real-time PCR assays for IS900 and F57. The presence of MAP in BTM was low, and was assessed to be several tens of MAP cells per one ml of BTM. Milk samples examined by cultivation were found to be negative for MAP in all 220 BTM. In two BTM samples cultivation and subsequent sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed two isolates of M. fortuitum.
- MeSH
- bakteriální RNA analýza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza přenos MeSH
- paratuberkulóza diagnóza přenos MeSH
- plošný screening veterinární MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií veterinární MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
From Mycobacterium avium species Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n=961), Mycobacterium a. avium (n=677), Mycobacterium a. silvaticum (n=5), and Mycobacterium a. hominissuis (n=1566) were examined, and from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex M. tuberculosis (n=2), Mycobacterium bovis (n=13), M. bovis BCG (n=4), and Mycobacterium caprae (n=10) were examined. From other mycobacterial species Mycobacterium intracellulare (n=60) and atypical mycobacteria (n=256) including Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium gastri and other species of conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria were analysed. The internal standard molecules corresponding to insertion sequences IS900, IS901, IS1245, and flanking region (FR300) of IS901 were produced by PCR of alfalfa genome segment and inserted into plasmid vector. The resulting recombinant plasmid molecules were used as internal standards in coamplification with a total of 4729 mycobacterial collection strains and field isolates between 1996 and 2003. The size differences between amplicons obtained from IS900 (258 bp), IS901 (1108 bp), IS1245 (427 bp), and FR300 (300 bp) and from corresponding internal standard molecules ISIS900 (591 bp), ISIS901 (1 336 bp), ISIS1245 (583 bp), and IS901 flanking region of 300 bp ISFR300 (488 bp), respectively, allowed easy discrimination. The internal amplicons were visible by naked aye on agarose gel when 10(1), 10(3), 10(2), and 10(2) molecules for ISIS900, ISIS901, ISIS1245, and ISFR300 were used in the PCR, respectively, when no bacterial DNA was added to the reaction. The system was tested to define the amount of internal standards that could be used in the PCR without affecting the amplification of the specific segment. Non-specific amplifications were observed in M. fortuitum with IS1245 PCR and mixed infections with M. a. avium and M. a. hominissuis from pigs and cattle were found. PCR results of typing were compared with serotyping and Accu-Probes analyses in selected field isolates.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- Mycobacterium genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- mykobakteriózy diagnóza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody veterinární MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- sérotypizace MeSH
- skot MeSH
- transpozibilní elementy DNA genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
