The expression of Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007S cellulases in different incubation time points (growth stages) and their substrate inducibility were analyzed by comparing the zymogram expression profiles of cultures grown on insoluble cellulose (Avicel) with cellobiose-grown cultures. The molecular weights of the enzymes were compared to (putative) cellulases encoded in the R. flavefaciens FD-1 genome.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• celobiosa metabolismus   MeSH
• celulasy chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• enzymatické testy MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• Ruminococcus chemie   enzymologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

One of the main mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity is known to be the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which primarily damage cell membranes. However, very limited data on membrane effects in anaerobic environments (where ROS could not be the cause of membrane damage) are available. In the following study, rumen anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007C was used as a bacterial model to assess the potential effects of Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) nanoparticles on membranes in an anaerobic environment. Fatty acid profiles of cultures after exposure to Al(2)O(3) or TiO(2) nanoparticles were analyzed and compared with the profiles of non-exposed cultures or cultures exposed to bulk materials. Analysis revealed dose-effect changes in membrane composition exclusively when cells were exposed to Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles in a concentration range of 3-5 g/L, but were not present in cultures exposed to bulk material. On the other hand, the tested concentrations of nano-TiO(2) did not significantly affect the membrane profile of the exposed bacterium. The results suggest the possibility that Al(2)O(3) induces changes in bacterial membranes by direct physical interaction, which was supported by TEM image analysis.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• buněčná membrána účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolom účinky léků   MeSH
• nanočástice toxicita   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• oxid hlinitý toxicita   MeSH
• Ruminococcus účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• titan toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• celulasy MeSH
• celulosa MeSH
• přežvýkavci MeSH
• Ruminococcus enzymologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie enzymologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• celulasa metabolismus   MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• furany farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• karboliny farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Associations between the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) have been uncovered, but larger and more diverse studies are needed to assess their potential clinical use. We expanded upon 12 metagenomic datasets of patients with CRC (n = 930), adenomas (n = 210) and healthy control individuals (n = 976; total n = 2,116) with 6 new cohorts (n = 1,625) providing granular information on cancer stage and the anatomic location of tumors. We improved CRC prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics (average area under the curve = 0.85) and highlighted the contribution of 19 newly profiled species and distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum clades. Specific gut species distinguish left-sided versus right-sided CRC (area under the curve = 0.66) with an enrichment of oral-typical microbes. We identified strain-specific CRC signatures with the commensal Ruminococcus bicirculans and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii showing subclades associated with late-stage CRC. Our analysis confirms that the microbiome can be a clinical target for CRC screening and characterizes it as a biomarker for CRC progression.

• MeSH
• adenom mikrobiologie   patologie   genetika   MeSH
• Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genetika   MeSH
• feces * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Fusobacterium nucleatum genetika   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * mikrobiologie   patologie   genetika   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metagenom * genetika   MeSH
• metagenomika metody   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * genetika   MeSH
• Ruminococcus genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, which plays indispensable roles in host nutrition and health, is affected by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among them, antibiotic (ATB) treatment is reported to have a significant effect on GI microbiome composition in humans and other animals. However, the impact of ATBs on the GI microbiome of free-ranging or even captive great apes remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of cephalosporin treatment (delivered by intramuscular dart injection during a serious respiratory outbreak) on the GI microbiome of a wild habituated group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. We examined 36 fecal samples from eight individuals, including samples before and after ATB treatment, and characterized the GI microbiome composition using Illumina-MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The GI microbial profiles of samples from the same individuals before and after ATB administration indicate that the ATB treatment impacts GI microbiome stability and the relative abundance of particular bacterial taxa within the colonic ecosystem of wild gorillas. We observed a statistically significant increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes levels after ATB treatment. We found disruption of the fibrolytic community linked with a decrease of Ruminoccocus levels as a result of ATB treatment. Nevertheless, the nature of the changes observed after ATB treatment differs among gorillas and thus is dependent on the individual host. This study has important implications for ecology, management, and conservation of wild primates.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteroidetes růst a vývoj   MeSH
• cefalosporiny farmakologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Firmicutes růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Gorilla gorilla mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci lidoopů farmakoterapie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Ruminococcus růst a vývoj   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středoafrická republika MeSH

High-grain feeding used in the animal production is known to affect the host rumen bacterial community, but our understanding of consequent changes in goats is limited. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during 20 days adaptation of 4 ruminally cannulated goats to the high-grain diet (grain: hay - ratio of 40:60). The dietary transition of goats from the forage to the high-grain-diet resulted in the significant decrease of rumen fluid pH, which was however still higher than value established for acute or subacute ruminal acidosis was not diagnosed in studied animals. DGGE analysis demonstrated distinct ruminal microbial populations in hay-fed and grain-fed animals, but the substantial animal-to-animal variation were detected. Quantitative PCR showed for grain-fed animals significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to Clostridium leptum group at 10 days after the incorporation of corn into the diet and significantly lower concentration of bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria phylum at the day 20 after dietary change. Taxonomic distribution analysed by NGS at day 20 revealed the similar prevalence of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in all goats, significantly higher presence of the unclassified genus of groups of Bacteroidales and Ruminococcaceae in grain-fed animals and significantly higher presence the genus Prevotella and Butyrivibrio in the forage-fed animals. The three different culture-independent methods used in this study show that high proportion of concentrate in goat diet does not induce any serious disturbance of their rumen ecosystem and indicate the good adaptive response of caprine ruminal bacteria to incorporation of corn into the diet.

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Bacteroidetes klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Butyrivibrio klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Clostridium klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• Firmicutes klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• kukuřice setá chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lipnicovité chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• píštěl žaludku MeSH
• Prevotella klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Ruminococcus klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the Firmicutes phylum has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In particular, the anti-inflammatory bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, member of the Firmicutes phylum and one of the most abundant species in healthy human colon, is underrepresented in the microbiota of IBD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of F. prausnitzii strain A2-165, the biofilm forming strain HTF-F and the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) isolated from strain HTF-F. For this purpose, the immunomodulatory properties of the F. prausnitzii strains and the EPM were studied in vitro using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Then, the capacity of the F. prausnitzii strains and the EPM of HTF-F to suppress inflammation was assessed in vivo in the mouse dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) colitis model. The F. prausnitzii strains and the EPM had anti-inflammatory effects on the clinical parameters measured in the DSS model but with different efficacy. The immunomodulatory effects of the EPM were mediated through the TLR2-dependent modulation of IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production in antigen presenting cells, suggesting that it contributes to the anti-inflammatory potency of F. prausnitzii HTF-F. The results show that F. prausnitzii HTF-F and its EPM may have a therapeutic use in IBD.

• MeSH
• antigeny povrchové metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dendritické buňky imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix metabolismus   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• genetická transkripce MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kolitida chemicky indukované   genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mediátory zánětu metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Ruminococcus metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• síran dextranu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• slezina imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Vibrio harveyi strain BB170-autoinducer bioassay was used to detect possible quorum sensing autoinducer-2 molecule (AI-2) in culture fluids of commensal intestinal bacteria. Culture fluids of Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium proteoclasticum, Escherichia coli, Eubacterium rectale, Lachnospira multipara, Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis, Roseburia intestinalis, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens contained AI-2-like molecules. The PCR bands from some of the tested strains could be also amplified using primers designed for the luxS gene. These findings suggest that AI-2 is present in the gastrointestinal tract; however, it has not yet been proved whether it is used for bacterial cell-to-cell communication.

• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• homoserin analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• laktony metabolismus   MeSH
• lyasy štěpící vazby C-S genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• quorum sensing MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Vibrio genetika   metabolismus   MeSH

The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in the faecal microbiota of dairy cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in comparison with noninfected cows from the same herds. Faecal samples from cows in 4 herds were tested for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by real-time PCR, and faecal bacterial populations were analysed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The most notable differences between shedding and nonshedding cows were an increase in the genus Psychrobacter and a decrease in the genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium in cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The present study is the first to report the faecal microbial composition in dairy cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

• MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mlékárenství MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci skotu mikrobiologie   MeSH
• paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární   MeSH
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vylučování bakterií z těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH