SMS text messaging
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BACKGROUND: eHealth interventions can help people change behavior (eg, quit smoking). Reminders sent via SMS text messaging or email may improve the adherence to web-based programs and increase the probability of successful behavior change; however, it is unclear whether their efficiency is affected by the modality of the communication channel. OBJECTIVE: A 2-armed randomized control trial was conducted to compare the effect of providing reminders via SMS text messaging versus email on the adherence to an eHealth program for smoking cessation and on the probability to initiate a quit attempt. METHODS: Smokers were recruited via an internet-based advertisement. A total of 591 participants who diverted from intended use of the program (ie, failed to log on to a session) were automatically randomized to the experimental (SMS text messaging reminder, n=304) or the active comparator (email reminder, n=287) group. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, we found that the mode of reminder delivery did not significantly affect either the adherence, namely the number of completed program sessions, with the SMS text messaging reminder group showing a mean of 4.30 (SD 3.24) and the email reminder group showing a mean of 4.36 (SD 3.27) (t586=0.197, P=.84, and Cohen d=0.016), or the outcome, namely the quit smoking attempt rate (34.2% in the SMS text messaging group vs 31.7% in the email group; χ21=0.4, P=.52). Secondary analyses showed that age, gender, and education had significant effects on program adherence and education on the outcome. Moreover, we found a significant interaction effect between the mode of reminder delivery and gender on program adherence, suggesting that the effectiveness of SMS text message reminders might be different for females and males. However, this particular finding should be treated with care as it was based on post hoc subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the modality of user reminders to log on increased neither the program adherence nor the probability of quitting smoking. This suggests that program developers may save costs using emails instead of SMS text messaging reminders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03276767; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT03276767.
This study explored the extent to which sexting represents a problematic behavior in early and late adolescence. Using data from the EU Kids Online II project (17,016 participants aged 11-16 from 25 European countries, 49.7% boys), multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for four groups: younger girls, older girls, younger boys, and older boys. Irrespective of age and gender, sexting was associated with emotional problems and alcohol use. Its effect decreased in older adolescents, except for emotional difficulties, which remained relatively high in older boys. Vaginal sex was associated with sexting in both younger and older boys while, in girls, the association was observed only in the older group. Younger boys with higher self-efficacy were more likely to send sexts than those with lower self-efficacy. Although sexting is associated with psychological challenges and other types of risk behavior, sexting in some younger boys may not necessarily represent problematic behavior.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- posílání textových zpráv statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- sexuální chování psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
This article deals with the issue of sexting, a currently relatively widespread phenomenon, especially among adolescents. The purpose of the first section is to introduce to the readers basic information about this phenomenon – mainly to explain the term, outline the reasons why children practise sexting and what the basic prevention involves. The second part summarises results of an inquiry aimed at finding out whether adolescent inquiry population has ever met with the term sexting, whether they know what it means and whether they possess any practical sexting experience at all. The research techniques included qualitative strategy, inquiry methods and semi-structured interview. The research population consisted of nine children from different towns of the Czech Republic selected by the “snowball” technique of non-empirical selection. The overall analysis shows that today children know what sexting is, even though they do not often connect the activity with this particular term, and practise it actively. The research also shows that children use mobile phone for taking sexual pictures, by means of which they also upload them to social networks, most often to Facebook. The children practising sexting and forwarding the photographs do not know the risks themselves and/or do not realize them. The children knowing the risks do not practise sexting and do not even intend to get involved in activities like that.
- Klíčová slova
- SMS, polyelektromyografie,
- MeSH
- elektromyografie využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hypergravitace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mobilní telefon MeSH
- ruka fyziologie MeSH
- svalová kontrakce fyziologie MeSH
- svalová únava fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Článek nabízí zkušenosti z procesu získávání dat ve studii zkoumající odchody dívek mladšího školního věku z organizovaných pohybových aktivit (OPA). Jelikož metodiky se obvykle zaměřují na teoretické principy sběru dat, předávám zde vlastní zkušenosti z procesu získávání dat metodou ex post facto od dívek, bývalých účastnic basketbalových přípravek v danou dobu ve věku 6−10 let. S časovým odstupem 4−10 let nešlo použít k získání údajů jiné než dotazovací metody. Ty byly vymezeny a rozebrány ve třech problémových okruzích: a) Přístup k datům, dostupnost databáze: jak a kde data získat, následně jak ověřit jejich pravdivost a potíže způsobené časovým odstupem od ukončení účasti dívek v přípravkách. b) Otázka neplnoletosti a etického konsensu (přímý kontakt a rozhovory). c) Faktické provedení sběru dat. Příspěvek sděluje stav získaných dat od respondentů v intencích předloženého výzkumného projektu.
This paper attempts to share experience of the data acquisition process in a study related to the dropout of early school-age girls of organized physical activities (OPA). As methods are traditionally focused on theoretical principles of data collection, I am trying to pass on my personal experience gained in the process of an ex post facto data acquisition from girls, former participants of basketball preparatory schools (prep schools), at the age of 6–10 at that time. Hardly were there any other ways to obtain data but interrogation methods after a time delay of 4–10 years. The following three problem areas were identified and explored: a) An access to data, and/or a database: how and where to get the data and, consequently, the question of its verification and difficulties arisen from the time gap since the end of the girls’ participation in the prep schools. b) The underage issue and ethical consent (direct contacts and interviews). c) The actual execution of data collection. The paper gives an account of the state of acquired data from our participants within the intentions of the research project.
- MeSH
- basketbal * výchova MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- důvěrnost informací etika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ověřování skutečnosti MeSH
- posílání textových zpráv MeSH
- rodiče psychologie MeSH
- rozhovory jako téma * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- souhlas rodiče etika MeSH
- sportovci výchova MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- COVID-19 komplikace MeSH
- dítě * MeSH
- domácí násilí * prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody MeSH
- internetové poradenství metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posílání textových zpráv MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sociální péče o dítě psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender and gender stereotype traits (masculinity, femininity) in cyber victimization behaviors (cyber relational victimization, cyber verbal victimization, hacking) through different technologies (mobile phones, gaming consoles, social networking sites). There were 456 8th graders (226 females; M age = 13.66, SD = 0.41) from two midwestern middle schools in the United States included in this study. They completed questionnaires on their endorsement of masculine and feminine traits, and self-reported cyber victimization through different technologies. The findings revealed main effects of types of cyber victimization for boys and of technology for girls. In particular, boys with feminine traits experienced the most victimization by cyber verbal aggression, cyber relational aggression, and hacking when compared to the other groups of boys. Girls with feminine traits experienced the most cyber victimization through social networking sites, gaming consoles, and mobile phones in comparison to the other groups of girls. For girls with feminine traits, they reported more cyber relational victimization and cyber verbal victimization through mobile phones and social networking sites, as well as more hacking via social networking sites. Such findings underscore the importance of considering gender stereotype traits, types of victimization, and technologies when examining cyber victimization.
- MeSH
- agrese MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- genderová identita * MeSH
- kyberšikana psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužskost MeSH
- oběti zločinu psychologie MeSH
- posílání textových zpráv MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- šikana MeSH
- školy MeSH
- sociální média * MeSH
- stereotypizace MeSH
- videohry MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Pain is prevalent during orthodontics, particularly during the early stages of treatment. To ensure patient comfort and compliance during treatment, the prevention or management of pain is of major importance. While pharmacological means are the first line of treatment for alleviation of orthodontic pain, a range of non-pharmacological approaches have been proposed recently as viable alternatives. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate pain associated with orthodontic treatment. SEARCH METHODS: Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 6 October 2016), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2016, Issue 9), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 6 October 2016), Embase Ovid (1980 to 6 October 2016) and EThOS (to 6 October 2016). We searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a non-pharmacological orthodontic pain intervention to a placebo, no intervention or another non-pharmacological pain intervention were eligible for inclusion. We included any type of orthodontic treatment but excluded trials involving the use of pre-emptive analgesia or pain relief following orthognathic (jaw) surgery or dental extractions in combination with orthodontic treatment. We excluded split-mouth trials (in which each participant receives two or more treatments, each to a separate section of the mouth) and cross-over trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: At least two review authors independently assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We used the random-effects model and expressed results as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We investigated heterogeneity with reference to both clinical and methodological factors. MAIN RESULTS: We included 14 RCTs that randomised 931 participants. Interventions assessed included: low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (4 studies); vibratory devices (5 studies); chewing adjuncts (3 studies); brain wave music or cognitive behavioural therapy (1 study) and post-treatment communication in the form of a text message (1 study). Twelve studies involved self-report assessment of pain on a continuous scale and two studies used questionnaires to assess the nature, intensity and location of pain.We combined data from two studies involving 118 participants, which provided low-quality evidence that LLLT reduced pain at 24 hours by 20.27 mm (95% CI -24.50 to -16.04, P < 0.001; I² = 0%). LLLT also appeared to reduce pain at six hours, three days and seven days.Results for the other comparisons assessed are inconclusive as the quality of the evidence was very low. Vibratory devices were assessed in five studies (272 participants), four of which were at high risk of bias and one unclear. Chewing adjuncts (chewing gum or a bite wafer) were evaluated in three studies (181 participants); two studies were at high risk of bias and one was unclear. Brain wave music and cognitive behavioural therapy were evaluated in one trial (36 participants) assessed at unclear risk of bias. Post-treatment text messaging (39 participants) was evaluated in one study assessed at high risk of bias.Adverse effects were not measured in any of the studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results are inconclusive. Although available evidence suggests laser irradiation may help reduce pain during orthodontic treatment in the short term, this evidence is of low quality and therefore we cannot rely on the findings. Evidence for other non-pharmacological interventions is either very low quality or entirely lacking. Further prospective research is required to address the lack of reliable evidence concerning the effectiveness of a range of non-pharmacological interventions to manage orthodontic pain. Future studies should use prolonged follow-up and should measure costs and possible harms.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie * MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- laserová terapie s nízkou intenzitou světla * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management bolesti metody MeSH
- měření bolesti MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- muzikoterapie * MeSH
- ortodoncie * MeSH
- posílání textových zpráv * MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- vibrace terapeutické užití MeSH
- žvýkačka * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
