Cílem naší studie bylo analyzovat individualizovaný vzorec mozkového metabolizmu u nikdy neléčených pacientů s první epizodou schizofrenie. Metodika: Vyšetřili jsme 8 pacientů s první epizodou schizofrenie, kteří nikdy neužívali antipsychotika a byli praváky. Kontrolní skupinu tvořilo 22 duševně zdravých osob. Regionální metabolizmus glukózy byl vyšetřován pomocí 18FDG PET. K vyhodnocení bylo použito oboustranného t-testu a statistického parametrického mapování (SPM99) k porovnání skupin pacientů a kontrol a dále jednotlivých pacientů vůči kontrolnímu souboru. Výsledky: Skupinová analýza ukázala zvýšení metabolizmu v levém i pravém posteriorním mozečku, levém středním temporálním gyru (BA 21), levém fussiformním/parahippokampalním g. (BA 19), levém dolním frontálním g. (BA 45) a levém postcentrálním gyru (BA 1) (korigované p<0.05) u pacientů. Nenašli jsme oblasti s významným snížením mozkového metabolizmu. U čtyř pacientů jsme nalezli zvýšenou aktivitu v post. mozečku, BA 13, BA 40 a u tří pacientů zvýšení v BA 7, BA 19, BA 21, BA 28 a BA 44 (nekorigované p < 0,001) při použití individualizované SPM analýzy. Současné zvýšení metabolizmu v oblasti BA 44 a mozečku, BA 21 a mozečku či BA 13 a BA 40 bylo detekováno 3krát. Závěr: Skupinová analýza detekovala klidový fronto-temporo-cerebellární hypermetabolizmus u antipsychotiky nikdy neléčených pacientů s první epizodou schizofrenie. Podobný vzorec hypermetabolizmu jsme detekovali při použití individualizované SPM analýzy u 4 z 8 pacientů.

Aim of our study was to analyse the individualised resting brain metabolic pattern in antipsychotic-naive patients with a first episode of schizophrenia. Methods: We assessed 8 antipsychotic-naive, right handed patients with a first episode of schizophrenia diagnosed according to ICD-10 and the control group of 22 mentally healthy controls. The regional glucose uptake was investigated by the use of 18FDG PET. Image analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM99). The two sample t-test was used to determine the differences between two groups and between individual patients and control group. Results: Comparisons of glucose brain metabolism between patients with schizophrenia and control group showed a significantly increased metabolism in the left and right posterior cerebellum, the left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), the left fussiformis gyrus/parahippocampal g. (BA 19), the left inf. frontal g. (BA 45) and left postcentral g. (BA 1) (p < 0.05, corrected). We did not find any significant decrease of 18FDG uptake in patients group. Using individualised SPM analyses we detected in four cases increased activity in posterior cerebellum, BA 13, BA 40 and in three cases increased activity in BA 7, BA 19, BA 21, BA 28 and BA 44 (p < 0.001, uncorrected). We found coexistent increasing activity in BA 44 and cerebellum, BA 21 and cerebellum and BA 13 and BA 40 three times. Conclusions: Group analyses detected resting fronto-temporo-cerebellar hypermetabolism in antipsychotic naive patients with first episode of schizophrenia. We detected similar pattern of hypermetabolism in four out of eight patients using individualised SPM analysis.

• MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 diagnostické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
• schizofrenie metabolismus   MeSH
• statistika jako téma metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Kombinací diagnostických kritérií pro depresivní poruchu dostaneme více než 200 stavů, které mohou být nazvány depresivní poruchou. Současná vodítka léčby depresivní poruchy doporučují léčbu antidepresivy bez zhodnocení mozkové aktivity. Psychiatři potřebují nastroj, který by jim pomohl diferencovat depresivní syndrom a zvolit adekvátní léčbu pro individuálního pacienta. Skupinová analýza zobrazovacích vyšetření pacientů s depresivní poruchou není vhodná pro heterogenitu depresivní poruchy Individualizovaná analýza zobrazovacích dat může pomoci nalézt rozdílné neuronální fenotypy depresivní poruchy. Deset pacientů s rezistentní depresivní poruchou bylo vyšetřeno pomocí 18FDG PET v klidu a byla použita SPM analýza porovnávající každého jednotlivce vůči kontrolní skupině. U 8 pacientů jsme detekovali zvýšený metabolizmus v oblasti cuneu, u 5 pacientů pak zvýšení v oblasti amygdaly a mozečku. Snížený metabolizmus v oblasti dorsolaterální prefi-ontální kůry byl detekován u 7 pacientů. Individualizovaná PET analýza může být způsob, jak nalézt rozdílné neuronální fenotypy depresivního syndromu.

Major Depression is a syndrom. We can find more than 200 combinations that fullfill diagnostic criteria of Major Depression. Cu rrent guidelines recommend antidepressant therapy for treatment of Major Depression without any biological evaluation of brain activi ty. Psychiatrists need some tools to puzzle out depressive syndrome and find appropriate treatment for individual patient. Group an alyses of neuroimaging data of patients with Major Depression is not applicable due to its heterogenity. Individualized analyses of ne uroi- maging data can help to find various neuroimaging phenotypes of Major Depression. We assessed 10 patients with treatment resist ant depressive disorder using resting 18FDG PET and individual-to-group SPM analysis. We found increased metabolism in the cuneus i n 8 patients, in the amygdala and the cerebellum in 5 patients. Decreased metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were d etected in 7 patients. Individualized PET analyses can be the approach how to find different phenotypes of depressive syndrom.

• MeSH
• depresivní poruchy diagnóza   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• klasifikace metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci mozku diagnóza   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek - chemie genetika   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   využití   MeSH
• terapie metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Clanek se zabývá počítačovou klasifikací Alzheimerovy choroby ze 3D SPECT obrazu prokrvení lidského mozku nasnímaných scintilační kamerou a standardizovaných technikou SPM. Získaná 3D mapa rozložení radiofarmaka v mozku souvisí s metabolickou aktivitou zásobovaných neuronů. Po prahování (60% maximálni intenzity) a prostorové segmentaci byla provedena digitální morfologická analýza včetně analýzy konvexních obalů. Na množinu morfologických charakteristik byl aplikován lineární klasifikátor sledující tři cíle: jednotkovou senzitivitu, jednotkovou specificitu a minimální normu váhového vektoru tak, aby vznikl robustní rozpoznávací systém se schopností zobecňovat. Nejlepší klasifikátor obsahuje dvě morfologické charakterisriky (poloměr vepsané koule, polovina maximální vzdálenosti voxelů) aplikované na devět prostorových oblastí 3D mapy.

The paper is oriented to the computer classification of Alzheimer disease via analysis of 3D SPECT image of human brain perfusi on, which were scanned via scintillation camera and standardized by SPM technique. After the thresholding (60 % of maximum intensit y) and space segmentation, the digital morphological analysis was performed including the analysis of convex hulls. The linear cla ssifier was applied to the set of morphological characteristics with three aims: unit sensitivity, unit specificity and minimum norm of weight vector to obtain robust recognition system with generalization power. The best classifier consists of two morphological charact eristics (internal sphere radii, one half of maximum voxel distance) for nine space regions of 3D map.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky neurologické normy   využití   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie metody   využití   MeSH
• klasifikace metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• technecium diagnostické užití   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The main goal of this paper is to propose application of modern multidimensional systems identification algorithms of the subspace identification theory in the context of fMRI data analysis. The methods originated in 1990s in the field of process control and identification and yield robust linear model parameter estimates for systems with many inputs, outputs and states. Our ultimate goal is to establish an alternative to the DCM analysis procedure which would eliminate its main drawbacks, namely the need to pre-define the models structure. The paper discusses results based on simulated data provided by the DCM simulator in the SPM toolbox. Several scenarios are presented, with varying amount of noise and number of data samples.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• automatizované zpracování dat MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mapování mozku metody   MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• software MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

BACKGROUND: Over the decades, several natural history studies on patients with primary (PPMS) or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were reported from international registries. In PPMS, a consistent heterogeneity on long-term disability trajectories was demonstrated. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with SPMS with similar longitudinal trajectories of disability over time. METHODS: All patients with MS collected within Big MS registries who received an SPMS diagnosis from physicians (cohort 1) or satisfied the Lorscheider criteria (cohort 2) were considered. Longitudinal Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were modelled by a latent class growth analysis (LCGA), using a non-linear function of time from the first EDSS visit in the range 3-4. RESULTS: A total of 3613 patients with SPMS were included in the cohort 1. LCGA detected three different subgroups of patients with a mild (n=1297; 35.9%), a moderate (n=1936; 53.6%) and a severe (n=380; 10.5%) disability trajectory. Median time to EDSS 6 was 12.1, 5.0 and 1.7 years, for the three groups, respectively; the probability to reach EDSS 6 at 8 years was 14.4%, 78.4% and 98.3%, respectively. Similar results were found among 7613 patients satisfying the Lorscheider criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous interpretations, patients with SPMS progress at greatly different rates. Our identification of distinct trajectories can guide better patient selection in future phase 3 SPMS clinical trials. Additionally, distinct trajectories could reflect heterogeneous pathological mechanisms of progression.

• MeSH
• analýza latentních tříd MeSH
• chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postižení * MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study investigated the whole-body coordination patterning in successful and faulty spikes using self-organising map-based cluster analysis. Ten young, elite volleyball players (aged 15.5 ± 0.7 years) performed 60 volleyball spikes in a real-game environment. Adopting the cluster analysis, based on a self-organising map, whole-body coordination patterning was explored between successful and faulty spikes of individual players. The self-organising maps (SOMs) portrayed whole body, lower and upper limb coordination dissimilarities during the jump phase and the ball impact phases between the successful and faulty spikes. The cluster analysis illustrated that the whole body, upper limb and lower limb coordination patterning of each individual's successful spikes were similar to their faulty spikes. Range of motion patterning also demonstrated no differences in kinematics between spike outcomes. Further, the upper limb angular velocity patterning of the players' successful/faulty spikes were similar. The SPM analysis portrayed significant differences between the normalized upper limb angular velocities from 35% to 45% and from 76% to 100% of the spike movement. Although the lower limb angular velocities are vital for achieving higher jumps in volleyball spikes, the results of this study portrayed that the upper limb angular velocities distinguish the differences between successful and faulty spikes among the attackers. This confirms the fact that volleyball coaches should shift their focus toward the upper limb velocity and coordination training for higher success rates in spiking for volleyball attackers.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dolní končetina MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• sportovní výkon * MeSH
• volejbal * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the human brain are appearing in increasing numbers, providing interesting information about this complex system. Unique information about healthy and diseased brains is inferred using many types of experiments and analyses. In order to obtain reliable information, it is necessary to conduct consistent experiments with large samples of subjects and to involve statistical methods to confirm or reject any tested hypotheses. Group analysis is performed for all voxels within a group mask, i.e. a common space where all of the involved subjects contribute information. To our knowledge, a user-friendly interface with the ability to visualize subject-specific details in a common analysis space did not yet exist. The purpose of our work is to develop and present such interface. METHODS: Several pitfalls have to be avoided while preparing fMRI data for group analysis. One such pitfall is spurious non-detection, caused by inferring conclusions in the volume of a group mask that has been corrupted due to a preprocessing failure. We describe a MATLAB toolbox, called the mask_explorer, designed for prevention of this pitfall. RESULTS: The mask_explorer uses a graphical user interface, enables a user-friendly exploration of subject masks and is freely available. It is able to compute subject masks from raw data and create lists of subjects with potentially problematic data. It runs under MATLAB with the widely used SPM toolbox. Moreover, we present several practical examples where the mask_explorer is usefully applied. CONCLUSIONS: The mask_explorer is designed to quickly control the quality of the group fMRI analysis volume and to identify specific failures related to preprocessing steps and acquisition. It helps researchers detect subjects with potentially problematic data and consequently enables inspection of the data.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačová grafika MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A rapid and reliable analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination of psychopharmaceuticals, their precursors and by-products in real contaminated samples from a pharmaceutical company in Olomouc (Czech Republic), based on SPE disk extraction and detection by ultra performance liquid chromatography, combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The target compounds were quantified in the real whole-water samples (water including suspended particles), both in the presence of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and high concentrations of other organic pollutants. A total of nine compounds were analyzed which consisted of three commonly used antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics), one antitussive agent and five by-products or precursors. At first, the SPE disk method was developed for the extraction of water samples (dissolved analytes, recovery 84-104%) and pressurised liquid extraction technique was verified for solid matrices (sludge samples, recovery 81-95%). In order to evaluate the SPE disk technique for whole water samples containing SPM, non contaminated groundwater samples were also loaded with different amounts (100 and 300mgL(-1)) of real contaminated sludge originating from the same locality. The recoveries from the whole-water samples obtained by SPE disk method ranged between 67 and 119% after the addition of the most contaminated sludge. The final method was applied to several real groundwater (whole-water) samples from the industrial area and high concentrations (up to 10(3)μgL(-1)) of the target compounds were detected. The results of this study document and indicate the feasibility of the SPE disk method for analysis of groundwater.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi * MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• podzemní voda chemie   MeSH
• psychotropní léky analýza   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

(1) Background: Understanding children's motor patterns in landing is important not only for sport performance but also to prevent lower limb injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze children's lower limb joint angles and impact force during single-leg landings (SLL) in different types of jumping sports using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). (2) Methods: Thirty children (53.33% girls, M = 10.16 years-old, standard deviation (SD) = 1.52) divided into three groups (gymnastics, volleyball and control) participated in the study. The participants were asked to do SLLs with the dominant lower limb (barefoot) on a force plate from a height of 25 cm. The vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and lower limb joint angles were assessed. SPM{F} one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPM{t} unpaired t-tests were performed during the landing and stability phases. (3) Results: A significant main effect was found in the landing phase of jumping sport practice in GRF and joint angles. During the stability phase, this effect was exhibited in ankle and knee joint angles. (4) Conclusions: Evidence was obtained of the influence of practicing a specific sport in childhood. Child volleyball players performed SLL with lower impact force and higher knee flexion than child gymnasts. Training in specific jumping sports (i.e., volleyball and gymnastics) could affect the individual capacity to adapt SLL execution.

• MeSH
• bérec * MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kolenní kloub MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• pohyb * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH