• MeSH
• populace MeSH
• vzorkové studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

• MeSH
• vzorkové studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

Pharmacists are responsible for dispensing drugs and protecting the patient by making sure that they use drugs appropriately. They play an important role not only in the overall cost implications of healthcare but also in the concerns about patient safety when using medication. The scope of this paper was to evaluate the practice of navigation of medical resources among pharmacy students through a simulated event of acute kidney injury using a prospective research methodology. A sample of 65 students was used, among which 2 failed to identify the error in dosing (3.1%) while 56 (86.2%) responded with the presence of error in renal dosing and recommended correctly. Only 7 (10.8%) of the study population had an incomplete recommendation. Even though a greater percentage of the student populations were able to identify dosing errors, there were a few that were unable to identify the errors. Even though this percentage is small, it is much significant when placed in various healthcare institutions and is likely to have a significant impact on patient safety.

• MeSH
• akutní poškození ledvin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medikační omyly * MeSH
• studenti farmacie MeSH
• studium farmacie vysokoškolské metody   MeSH
• tréninková simulace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• oční nemoci diagnóza   MeSH
• optická otáčivost MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• stereotaktické techniky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

This paper focuses on wrapper-based feature selection for a 1-nearest neighbor classifier. We consider in particular the case of a small sample size with a few hundred instances, which is common in biomedical applications. We propose a technique for calculating the complete bootstrap for a 1-nearest-neighbor classifier (i.e., averaging over all desired test/train partitions of the data). The complete bootstrap and the complete cross-validation error estimate with lower variance are applied as novel selection criteria and are compared with the standard bootstrap and cross-validation in combination with three optimization techniques - sequential forward selection (SFS), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and simplified social impact theory based optimization (SSITO). The experimental comparison based on ten datasets draws the following conclusions: for all three search methods examined here, the complete criteria are a significantly better choice than standard 2-fold cross-validation, 10-fold cross-validation and bootstrap with 50 trials irrespective of the selected output number of iterations. All the complete criterion-based 1NN wrappers with SFS search performed better than the widely-used FILTER and SIMBA methods. We also demonstrate the benefits and properties of our approaches on an important and novel real-world application of automatic detection of the subthalamic nucleus.

• MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• velikost vzorku * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

Supervised learning of perceptron networks is investigated as an optimization problem. It is shown that both the theoretical and the empirical error functionals achieve minima over sets of functions computable by networks with a given number n of perceptrons. Upper bounds on rates of convergence of these minima with n increasing are derived. The bounds depend on a certain regularity of training data expressed in terms of variational norms of functions interpolating the data (in the case of the empirical error) and the regression function (in the case of the expected error). Dependence of this type of regularity on dimensionality and on magnitudes of partial derivatives is investigated. Conditions on the data, which guarantee that a good approximation of global minima of error functionals can be achieved using networks with a limited complexity, are derived. The conditions are in terms of oscillatory behavior of the data measured by the product of a function of the number of variables d, which is decreasing exponentially fast, and the maximum of the magnitudes of the squares of the L(1)-norms of the iterated partial derivatives of the order d of the regression function or some function, which interpolates the sample of the data. The results are illustrated by examples of data with small and high regularity constructed using Boolean functions and the gaussian function.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• biologické hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• logika MeSH
• neuronové sítě MeSH
• normální rozdělení MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH

In this article, we present a method for the enhanced molecular dynamics simulation of protein and DNA systems called potential of mean force (PMF)-enriched sampling. The method uses partitions derived from the potentials of mean force, which we determined from DNA and protein structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We define a partition function from a set of PDB-derived PMFs, which efficiently compensates for the error introduced by the assumption of a homogeneous partition function from the PDB datasets. The bias based on the PDB-derived partitions is added in the form of a hybrid Hamiltonian using a renormalization method, which adds the PMF-enriched gradient to the system depending on a linear weighting factor and the underlying force field. We validated the method using simulations of dialanine, the folding of TrpCage, and the conformational sampling of the Dickerson⁻Drew DNA dodecamer. Our results show the potential for the PMF-enriched simulation technique to enrich the conformational space of biomolecules along their order parameters, while we also observe a considerable speed increase in the sampling by factors ranging from 13.1 to 82. The novel method can effectively be combined with enhanced sampling or coarse-graining methods to enrich conformational sampling with a partition derived from the PDB.

• MeSH
• databáze proteinů * MeSH
• DNA * chemie   genetika   MeSH
• počítačová simulace * MeSH
• sbalování proteinů * MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• malabsorpční syndromy MeSH
• výběrový bias MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire, a sarcopenia-specific patient-reported outcome measure, evaluates quality of life with 55 items. It produces 7 domain scores and 1 overall quality of life score, all between 0 and 100 points. This study aims to contribute to the interpretation of the SarQoL scores by calculating the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) in a sample of subjects from 9 studies. METHODS: Subjects from 9 studies (conducted in Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, England, Greece, Lithuania, Poland and Spain) were included. The SEM, a measure of the error in the scores that is not due to true changes, was calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the difference between test and retest scores (SDdiff) by √2. The SDC, defined as change beyond measurement error, was calculated by multiplying SDdiff by 1.96. Bland-Altman plots were assessed for the presence of systematic errors. RESULTS: A total of 278 sarcopenic subjects, aged 77.67 ± 7.64 years and 61.5% women, were included. The SEM for the overall SarQoL score ranged from 0.18 to 4.20 points for the individual studies, and was 2.65 points when all subjects were analyzed together. The SDC for the overall score ranged from 0.49 to 11.65 points for the individual studies, and was 7.35 points for all subjects. The Bland-Altman plots revealed no systematic errors in the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This study shows that, for individual subjects, a change in overall quality of life of at least 7.35 points (on a scale from 0 to 100) would have to be observed to confirm that a true change, beyond measurement error, has occurred. It also demonstrated that the SarQoL questionnaire is a precise instrument, with the observed scores within less than 3 points of the theoretical "true score".

• MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
• sarkopenie patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

The objective of this research was to develop a sampling protocol for contaminated soils after a large radiological accident. One of the criteria for good sampling method is reproducibility and accuracy of large number of samples collected in short time. Members of the chemical laboratories of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS CR), which are included in Radiation Monitoring Network, tested four tools in different soil types. More than 100 samples were collected. Root auger and square soil sampler seem to be the best for reliable soil sampling. Modifications of the root auger decreased of relative error of sampling to 7.5%. The root auger is recommended as a first-choice sampling tool based on: (1) ease, (2) operator safety, (3) collection of a representative sample (4) applicability to most soil types and (5) enabling collection of depth-discrete samples.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• odběr biologického vzorku normy   MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• radioaktivní spad analýza   MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH