Skin segmentation
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... Skin permeation. Lymphatics . The nail ... ... Wetting of the skin 1606 -- G. ... ... Composite skin diffusion layer 1679 -- B. Stratum corneum 1680 -- 55 Skin Permeation R. ... ... Application to skin 1694 -- C. The basic model—the skin as a composite membrane . . 1696 -- D. ... ... of the Skin T. ...
5 svazků : ilustrace, tabulky ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- apokrinní žlázy MeSH
- ekrinní žlázy MeSH
- fyziologie kůže MeSH
- kožní absorpce MeSH
- kožní nemoci patofyziologie MeSH
- kůže patofyziologie MeSH
- lymfatický systém fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- nehty fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- fyziologie
- dermatovenerologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
V tomto článku popisujeme především oční postižení u kožních chorob. Mohou postihnout přední i zadní segment oka. Sexuálně přenosné choroby – STD: gonorea, syfilis, HIV, chlamydie nejsou předmětem tohoto článku. Základem léčby kožních onemocnění je vždy léčba celková i lokální, a to ve formě antibiotik, kortikosteroidů a jiných imunosupresiv.
In this article we mainly describe the eye disorder in skin diseases. They can affect both the anterior and the posterior segment ofthe eye. Sexually transmitted diseases – STD: gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, chlamydia are not the subject of the article. The treatmentis based on total and local treatment, in the form of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants.
- MeSH
- atopická dermatitida diagnóza terapie MeSH
- konjunktivitida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- kožní nemoci * komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský herpesvirus 1 MeSH
- lidský herpesvirus 2 MeSH
- oční symptomy * MeSH
- pseudoxanthoma elasticum diagnóza terapie MeSH
- psoriáza diagnóza terapie MeSH
- rosacea diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Stevensův-Johnsonův syndrom diagnóza MeSH
- vezikulobulózní nemoci kůže diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites of Leishmania spp., endangers more than 1 billion people living in endemic countries and has three clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Understanding of individual differences in susceptibility to infection and heterogeneity of its pathology is largely lacking. Different mouse strains show a broad and heterogeneous range of disease manifestations such as skin lesions, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and increased serum levels of immunoglobulin E and several cytokines. Genome-wide mapping of these strain differences detected more than 30 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control the response to Leishmania major. Some control different combinations of disease manifestations, but the nature of this heterogeneity is not yet clear. In this study, we analyzed the L. major response locus Lmr15 originally mapped in the strain CcS-9 which carries 12.5% of the genome of the resistant strain STS on the genetic background of the susceptible strain BALB/c. For this analysis, we used the advanced intercross line K3FV between the strains BALB/c and STS. We confirmed the previously detected loci Lmr15, Lmr18, Lmr24, and Lmr27 and performed genetic dissection of the effects of Lmr15 on chromosome 11. We prepared the interval-specific recombinant strains 6232HS1 and 6229FUD, carrying two STS-derived segments comprising the peak linkage of Lmr15 whose lengths were 6.32 and 17.4 Mbp, respectively, and analyzed their response to L. major infection. These experiments revealed at least two linked but functionally distinct chromosomal regions controlling IFNγ response and IgE response, respectively, in addition to the control of skin lesions. Bioinformatics and expression analysis identified the potential candidate gene Top3a. This finding further clarifies the genetic organization of factors relevant to understanding the differences in the individual risk of disease.
- MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- imunoglobulin E MeSH
- interferon gama genetika MeSH
- kožní nemoci * MeSH
- Leishmania major * genetika MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Omega-O-acyl ceramides such as 32-linoleoyloxydotriacontanoyl sphingosine (Cer[EOS]) are essential components of the lipid skin barrier, which protects our body from excessive water loss and the penetration of unwanted substances. These ceramides drive the lipid assembly to epidermal-specific long periodicity phase (LPP), structurally much different than conventional lipid bilayers. Here, we synthesized Cer[EOS] with selectively deuterated segments of the ultralong N-acyl chain or deuterated or 13C-labeled linoleic acid and studied their molecular behavior in a skin lipid model. Solid-state 2H NMR data revealed surprising molecular dynamics for the ultralong N-acyl chain of Cer[EOS] with increased isotropic motion toward the isotropic ester-bound linoleate. The sphingosine moiety of Cer[EOS] is also highly mobile at skin temperature, in stark contrast to the other LPP components, N-lignoceroyl sphingosine acyl, lignoceric acid, and cholesterol, which are predominantly rigid. The dynamics of the linoleic chain is quantitatively described by distributions of correlation times and using dynamic detector analysis. These NMR results along with neutron diffraction data suggest an LPP structure with alternating fluid (sphingosine chain-rich), rigid (acyl chain-rich), isotropic (linoleate-rich), rigid (acyl-chain rich), and fluid layers (sphingosine chain-rich). Such an arrangement of the skin barrier lipids with rigid layers separated with two different dynamic "fillings" i) agrees well with ultrastructural data, ii) satisfies the need for simultaneous rigidity (to ensure low permeability) and fluidity (to ensure elasticity, accommodate enzymes, or antimicrobial peptides), and iii) offers a straightforward way to remodel the lamellar body lipids into the final lipid barrier.
Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) is a rare disease which has only recently been described histopathologically. In the literature only about 100 cases of this disease have been described. NFD occurs most frequently in patients with renal insufficiency or after kidney transplantation. We present a case study of a patient who showed manifestations of NFD in the abdomen after a second transplantation of a cadaver kidney. The diagnosis was determined by an experienced histopathologist after excision of the focus. The authors discuss the etiology and genesis, which is not yet known, diagnosis of this disease and its treatment.
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- fibróza MeSH
- fokálně segmentální glomeruloskleróza patologie MeSH
- kolagen analýza MeSH
- kožní nemoci patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reoperace MeSH
- transplantace ledvin imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
Despite the high success rate of micro-vascular flaps, anastomosis compromise occurs in 5-10% and that can lead to flap failure. Reliable monitoring of the flap is therefore of similar importance to that of the precise surgical procedure itself. Multiple methods have been reported for monitoring of the flap vitality, the first one being direct visual monitoring. In buried flaps direct visualisation is not feasible or is unreliable. In these cases we can extend the buried flap to expose a segment of it to act as a monitoring sentinel. For the purpose of this review we used our clinical experience as a starting point, and for the extended information and expertise we conducted a search of the PubMed database. Over 40 monitoring techniques have been reported to-date. Direct visual monitoring is still generally used method with a reliability of up to 100% and an overall success rate of up to 99%. Direct visualisation remains as the simplest, cheapest and yet a very reliable method of flap monitoring. In this review we provide a description of various possible techniques for externalising part of a buried flap, define the tissues that can be used for this purpose and we summarise the procedures that should be followed to achieve the best reliability and validity of monitoring the skin island.
- MeSH
- chirurgické laloky * MeSH
- kůže MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Východiska: Kancerogenní efekt ionizujícího záření byl prokázán již pár let poté, co se začalo používat v lékařství. Ionizující záření působí malé, přesto detekovatelné riziko vzniku nejen karcinomů, ale i sarkomů kostí a měkkých tkání. V posledních dvaceti letech jsou v literatuře stále častěji popisovány angiosarkomy vycházející z ozářeného prsu, což je způsobeno tím, že přibývá množství žen, které byly léčeny konzervativními chirurgickými postupy s nutností následné radioterapie. Angiosarkomy mohou vycházet buď z endotelu lymfatických cév – lymfangiosarkomy, anebo z endotelu krevních cév – hemangiosarkomy. Většina hemangiosarkomů vyrůstajících na kůži prsu vznikla v ozářeném terénu po záchovném chirurgickém výkonu – tzv. sekundární angiosarkomy. Lymfangiosarkom vzniká typicky na končetině s chronickým lymfedémem – Stewartův- Trevesův syndrom. Případy: V našem článku popisujeme tři případy angiosarkomů vzniklých v ozářeném prsu po konzervativní léčbě karcinomu prsu, které jsme pozorovali na našem pracovišti. Ve všech případech se jednalo o hemangiosarkom. Rovněž předkládáme literární přehled. Závěr: Paradoxní je, že pokles v použití radioterapie na oblast hrudní stěny a oblast axily by mohl vést k redukci incidence angiosarkomů, zatímco zvýšení použití konzervativních operačních postupů s následnou radioterapií může tuto frekvenci naopak zvyšovat. Je potřeba věnovat zvláštní péči kožním lézím a změnám vzniklým po prs záchovných výkonech a zejména těm, kde je přítomno zesílení kožního krytu, protože i zde má zásadní prognostický význam časná diagnóza.
Backgrounds: The cancerogenic effect of ionizing radiation was documented just several years after it started to be used as a treatment option. Ionizing radiation produces a small but detectable risk of carcinoma as well as bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Over the past 20 years angiosarcomas arising from the area of the irradiated breast have been reported with increasing frequency as the number of women undergoing the breast conserving surgery with consecutive radiotherapy has increased also. Angiosarcomas can originate from either lymphatic or capillary endothelium, namely lymphangiosarcomas and haemangiosarcomas . The most of haemangiosarcomas arising from the breast skin developed in the irradiated area after breast conserving procedure – secondary angiosarcomas. Lymphangiosarcoma is typically associated with longstanding extremity lymphedema – Stewart-Treves syndrome. Cases: We report three cases of angiosarcomas which occured in this region after breast conserving treatment and we also review the literature. Conclusion: Paradoxically, the decrease in the use of radiotherapy to the post-mastectomy chest wall and the axillary area is expected to reduce the incidence of angiosarcomas, while the increase in the use of breast conserving procedure plus radiotherapy could lead to increased incidence of angiosarcomas in the residual breast tissue. Special attention should be paid to skin leasions and changes occuring after breast conserving treatment and especially to the ones with the skinthickening. The early detection and diagnosis has the crucial prognostic value.
- Klíčová slova
- prs šetřící léčba, karcinom prsu,
- MeSH
- hemangiosarkom etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory kůže etiologie MeSH
- nádory prsu chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- nádory vyvolané zářením patologie MeSH
- prsy MeSH
- radioterapie MeSH
- segmentální mastektomie MeSH
- sekundární malignity etiologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Limb-sparing surgery for bony tumors around the knee, resulting in large segmental defects, involves its replace- ment with an endoprosthesis. The viability of the overlying skin flaps is of utmost importance. Their healing with- out breakdown is essential or else leads to prosthesis exposure, infection and perhaps prosthesis removal. In this situation, gastrocnemius muscle transfer is a robust vascular option, not only providing soft padding to cover the endoprosthesis, but also supporting the vascularity of the skin flaps. Out of 16 such muscle transfers done, 15 survived completely with good wound healing. One patient developed a severe infection of the wound associated with skin flap breakdown and necrosis of part of the muscle flap. There was 1 case of wound haema- toma which was treated successfully.
