BACKGROUND: To prevent the risk of stair descent falls and associated injuries in the older adults, it is important to understand the factors that affect this frequent locomotion of daily living. The fact that falls are in most cases the result of the interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic factors is very often underestimated when designing test protocols. RESEARCH QUESTION: This study aimed at evaluating balance control during and immediately after step down onto an unstable surface. METHODS: Physically active men and women aged 60-69 years (n = 28) and 70-79 years (n = 18) were asked to perform a step down onto a foam pad and stand still for 30 s (restabilization phase). Centre of pressure (CoP) velocity and standard deviation of CoP sway in anteroposterior and mediolateral direction were evaluated during the step down (CoP VAP, CoP VML, CoP SDAP, CoP SDML) and in the first 5 s of restabilization (CoP VAP5, CoP VML5, CoP SDAP5, CoP SDML5). In addition, time to complete step was investigated. RESULTS: Participants aged 70-79 years presented worse ML balance control after step down onto an unstable surface than their younger counterparts. This was represented by the significantly higher values of CoP SDML5 and CoP VML5 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.017). No other significant differences were detected. SIGNIFICANCE: Age is associated with a more significant ML center of pressure velocity and sway after step down onto a foam pad in physically active older adults. Exercises aimed at improving ML balance control in unstable conditions should be the subject of physical interventions even in older adults with overall good state of health and physical fitness.
- MeSH
- Exercise * MeSH
- Physical Examination MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Locomotion MeSH
- Postural Balance * MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Exercise Therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spectral power of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder at rest and during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHODS: We analyzed EEG spectral power (SP) in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7, in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and healthy controls (HC, n=40). Behavioral parameters such as accuracy and counting speed were also evaluated. RESULTS: Both SZ and SA patients were slower in counting than HC, no difference was obtained in the accuracy and counting speed in the patient groups. In the resting state patients showed elevated midline theta power, off-midline anterior beta 2 power and decreased central/posterior alpha power. The SA group occupied an intermediate position between the schizophrenia patients and controls. In task performance patients lacked a typical increase of midline theta, left anterior beta 2, and anterior gamma power; however, schizoaffective patients demonstrated a growing trend of power in the gamma band in left anterior off-midline sites similar to HC. Moreover, alpha power was less inhibited in schizoaffective patients and more pronounced in schizophrenia patients indicating distinct inhibitory mechanisms in these psychotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SA demonstrate less alteration in the spectral power of bands at rest than SZ, and present spectral power changes during cognitive task performance close to the controls. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study contributes to the present evidence on the neurophysiological distinction between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
- MeSH
- Alpha Rhythm physiology MeSH
- Beta Rhythm physiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Electroencephalography * MeSH
- Cognition physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain Mapping MeSH
- Mathematics * MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Rest physiology MeSH
- Task Performance and Analysis * MeSH
- Psychotic Disorders physiopathology MeSH
- Schizophrenia physiopathology MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Theta Rhythm physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the coherence values of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHOD: We analysed EEG coherence in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7 in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and 40 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS: Task performance in HC is characterised by decreased coherence in the alpha bands and increased coherence in the beta 2 and gamma bands in frontal sites. In SZ, coherence decreases in the alpha band, whereas in SA it substantially increases in the alpha, beta1, beta 2 and gamma bands. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no differences in performance on a behavioural level, SA patients demonstrate a paradoxical increase in both low and fast frequency bands during the performance of a mental arithmetic task, while, patients with SZ show a decreased coherence in the alpha band, presumably alluding to the excessive excitatory (in SA) and inhibitory (in SZ) mechanisms in cognitive processing. SIGNIFICANCE: The current study provides evidence for the distinction of neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive processing between SZ and SA.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Intelligence Tests MeSH
- Cognition * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mathematics MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Brain Waves * MeSH
- Psychotic Disorders physiopathology MeSH
- Schizophrenia physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Proprioceptive knee braces have been shown to improve knee mechanics, however much of the work to date has focused on tasks such as slow step down tasks rather than more dynamic sporting tasks. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore if such improvements in stability may be seen during faster sports specific tasks as well as slower tasks. METHOD: Twelve subjects performed a slow step down, single leg drop jump and pivot turn jump with and without a silicone web brace. 3D kinematics of the knee were collected using a ten camera Qualisys motion analysis system. Reflective markers were placed on the foot, shank, thigh and pelvis using the Calibrated Anatomical Systems Technique. A two way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed with post-hoc pairwise comparison to explore the differences between the two conditions and three tasks. RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in the knee joint angles and angular velocities in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes between the tasks. The brace showed a reduction in knee valgum and internal rotation across all tasks, with the most notable effect during the single leg drop jump and pivot turn jump. The transverse plane also showed a significant reduction in the external rotation knee angular velocity when wearing the brace. DISCUSSION: The brace influenced the knee joint kinematics in coronal and transverse planes which confirms that such braces can have a significant effect on knee control during dynamic tasks. Further studies are required exploring the efficacy of proprioceptive braces in athletic patient cohort.
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Knee Joint physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament physiology MeSH
- Task Performance and Analysis MeSH
- Movement * MeSH
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries prevention & control MeSH
- Proprioception MeSH
- Reference Values MeSH
- Sports MeSH
- Braces MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
While various QRS detection and classification methods were developed in the past, the Holter ECG data acquired during daily activities by wearable devices represent new challenges such as increased noise and artefacts due to patient movements. Here, we present a deep-learning model to detect and classify QRS complexes in single-lead Holter ECG. We introduce a novel approach, delivering QRS detection and classification in one inference step. We used a private dataset (12,111 Holter ECG recordings, length of 30 s) for training, validation, and testing the method. Twelve public databases were used to further test method performance. We built a software tool to rapidly annotate QRS complexes in a private dataset, and we annotated 619,681 QRS complexes. The standardised and down-sampled ECG signal forms a 30-s long input for the deep-learning model. The model consists of five ResNet blocks and a gated recurrent unit layer. The model's output is a 30-s long 4-channel probability vector (no-QRS, normal QRS, premature ventricular contraction, premature atrial contraction). Output probabilities are post-processed to receive predicted QRS annotation marks. For the QRS detection task, the proposed method achieved the F1 score of 0.99 on the private test set. An overall mean F1 cross-database score through twelve external public databases was 0.96 ± 0.06. In terms of QRS classification, the presented method showed micro and macro F1 scores of 0.96 and 0.74 on the private test set, respectively. Cross-database results using four external public datasets showed micro and macro F1 scores of 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.73 ± 0.06, respectively. Presented results showed that QRS detection and classification could be reliably computed in one inference step. The cross-database tests showed higher overall QRS detection performance than any of compared methods.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Artifacts MeSH
- Electrocardiography, Ambulatory methods MeSH
- Electrocardiography methods MeSH
- Ventricular Premature Complexes * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Wearable Electronic Devices * MeSH
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
BACKGROUND: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common among young athletes and can impact knee stability and control. Wearing proprioceptive knee braces can improve knee control and may reduce the risk factors associated with injury and re-injury, although the effect of such braces after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION: This study aimed to determine the effect of proprioceptive knee bracing on knee control and subjective rating of participants post ACLR during three dynamic tasks. METHODS: Fifteen participants 2-10 years post ACLR performed a slow step down, single leg drop jump, and pivot turn jump with and without a proprioceptive knee brace. Knee kinematics in the sagittal (flexion - extension), coronal (abduction - adduction), and transverse (internal - external rotation) planes were collected using a 3D infrared system. Paired t-tests were performed to explore differences in knee angles and angular velocities between the no brace and brace conditions during the three tasks. After each task, subjective ratings regarding ease of the task were recorded. RESULTS: The brace reduced the peak knee external rotation angle and range of motion in the transverse plane during the pivot turn jump task, and significantly increased the maximum knee flexion angular velocity during the single leg drop jump task. The majority of participants reported that tasks were easier to perform with the proprioceptive brace than without. SIGNIFICANCE: This study confirms that proprioceptive knee braces can significantly influence knee kinematics during dynamic tasks post ACLR. The observed effects were clinically relevant.
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Knee Joint physiopathology surgery MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries surgery MeSH
- Proprioception physiology MeSH
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction rehabilitation MeSH
- Range of Motion, Articular physiology MeSH
- Braces adverse effects statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Exercise Test methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
... Guiding 14 -- Using Verbal Instructions 14 -- How the Patient is Guided Therapeutically 15 -- Choosing a Task ... ... 19 -- Additional Considerations When Choosing a Task 21 -- Guiding When Giving Assistance 24 -- Guiding ... ... the Feet 37 -- Standing from Sitting on a Chair 37 -- Standing up from the Floor 39 -- Going Up and Down ... ... to Maintain or Regain Balance 49 -- Steps to Follow 49 -- XXVI -- Contents -- Balancing on One Leg 51 ... ... -- Protective Extension of the Arms 52 -- Task-orientated Arm and Hand Movements 52 -- Considerations ...
2nd ed. XXXII, 514 s.
... Step-down allocation using direct cost 68 -- Appendix 3. ...
VIII, 92 s. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- Economics, Hospital MeSH
- Financial Management, Hospital MeSH
- Costs and Cost Analysis MeSH
- Reference Books MeSH
- Administrative Personnel MeSH
- Conspectus
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NML Fields
- management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
- ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
- NML Publication type
- publikace WHO
A study by Witchalls, et al. (2013) mentioned that the addition of focal vision to proprioception testing with walking produces greater proprioceptive acuity than peripheral vision alone (measured ankle proprioception in athletes with or without chronic ankle instability during a stepping task on the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus; AMEDA). According to this study, people with impaired proprioception, e.g., athletes with chronic ankle instability, may profit from looking down during walking or running. This commentary notes that the active stepping task may not be truly comparable to rhythmic stepping, which is characteristic for walking. In addition, we suggest several amendments to the methodology for further studies related to ankle proprioception measurement, e.g., monitoring of proband eye attention during a stepping task or clear objective evaluation of the subject sample.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Posture physiology MeSH
- Proprioception physiology MeSH
- Athletes psychology MeSH
- Visual Perception physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comment MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
... express our indebtedness to Miss Loreto Todd, of the School of English, who undertook the exacting task ... ... The task of typing over 7,000 entry slips in their original and revised forms was shared by Mrs Ethel ... ... to a fine as (conj) -- (note that the prep as (eg in put down as) is not indexed here) -- ^ it/things ... ... balloon the go up bang bring down to earth [with a ~] come down to earth [with a \'¦v^] go with a ^/ ... ... to [the chuck up [one\'s hold a/the ~ down lie down on the ~ make the best of a bad ~ make a good etc ...
2. vyd. 396 s.
