AIM: To evaluate the real-world comparative effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness, from a UK National Health Service perspective, of natalizumab versus fingolimod in patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RES-RRMS). METHODS: Real-world data from the MSBase Registry were obtained for patients with RES-RRMS who were previously either naive to disease-modifying therapies or had been treated with interferon-based therapies, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide (collectively known as BRACETD). Matched cohorts were selected by 3-way multinomial propensity score matching, and the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and 6-month-confirmed disability worsening (CDW6M) and improvement (CDI6M) were compared between treatment groups. Comparative effectiveness results were used in a cost-effectiveness model comparing natalizumab and fingolimod, using an established Markov structure over a lifetime horizon with health states based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Additional model data sources included the UK MS Survey 2015, published literature, and publicly available sources. RESULTS: In the comparative effectiveness analysis, we found a significantly lower ARR for patients starting natalizumab compared with fingolimod (rate ratio [RR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.73) or BRACETD (RR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.42-0.53). Similarly, CDI6M was higher for patients starting natalizumab compared with fingolimod (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55) and BRACETD (HR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). In patients starting fingolimod, we found a lower ARR (RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80) compared with starting BRACETD, but no difference in CDI6M (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91-1.50). Differences in CDW6M were not found between the treatment groups. In the base-case cost-effectiveness analysis, natalizumab dominated fingolimod (0.302 higher quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] and £17,141 lower predicted lifetime costs). Similar cost-effectiveness results were observed across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This MSBase Registry analysis suggests that natalizumab improves clinical outcomes when compared with fingolimod, which translates to higher QALYs and lower costs in UK patients with RES-RRMS.
- MeSH
- analýza nákladové efektivity MeSH
- analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- státní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené království MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurological disorders constitute a significant portion of the global disease burden, affecting >30% of the world's population. This prevalence poses a substantial threat to global health in the foreseeable future. A lack of awareness regarding this high burden of neurological diseases has led to their underrecognition, underappreciation, and insufficient funding. Establishing a strategic and comprehensive research agenda for brain-related studies is a crucial step towards aligning research objectives among all pertinent stakeholders and fostering greater societal awareness. METHODS: A scoping literature review was undertaken by a working group from the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) to identify any existing research agendas relevant to neurology. Additionally, a specialized survey was conducted among all EAN scientific panels, including neurologists and patients, inquiring about their perspectives on the current research priorities and gaps in neurology. RESULTS: The review revealed the absence of a unified, overarching brain research agenda. Existing research agendas predominantly focus on specialized topics within neurology, resulting in an imbalance in the number of agendas across subspecialties. The survey indicated a prioritization of neurological disorders and research gaps. CONCLUSIONS: Building upon the findings from the review and survey, key components for a strategic and comprehensive neurological research agenda in Europe were delineated. This research agenda serves as a valuable prioritization tool for neuroscientific researchers, as well as for clinicians, donors, and funding agencies in the field of neurology. It offers essential guidance for creating a roadmap for research and clinical advancement, ultimately leading to heightened awareness and reduced burden of neurological disorders.
- MeSH
- globální zátěž nemocemi MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému * epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- neurologie * MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To provide an assessment of the cost burden of obesity across a spectrum of obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs) for four countries in South-Eastern Europe (SEE). METHODS: A micro-costing analysis from the public payer perspective was conducted to estimate direct healthcare costs associated with ten obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs) in Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, and Romania. A survey was administered to obtain healthcare resource use and unit cost data. Cost estimates were validated by local steering committees which comprised at least one public sector clinician and a panel of independent industry experts. RESULTS: Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases were the costliest ORCs across all 4 countries, where annual cost burden per ORC exceeded 1,500 USD per patient per year. In general, costs were driven by the tertiary care resources allocated to address treatment-related adverse events, disease complications, and associated inpatient procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that the high prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities result in substantial financial burden to all 4 SEE public payers. By quantifying the burden of obesity from a public healthcare perspective, our study aims to support policy efforts that promote health education and promotion in combating obesity in the region.
- MeSH
- finanční stres * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
- podpora zdraví * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Antikoagulační terapie zabraňuje různými mechanismy genezi trombinu a následné přeměny fibrinogenu na fibrin. Heparin je parenterálně aplikované antikoagulancium, které po aktivaci antitrombinu nepřímo blokuje trombotický účinek trombinu. Mezi injekčně podávaná antikoagulancia patří dále nízkomolekulární hepariny (LMWH) a fondaparinux, které nepřímo, za účasti antitrombinu, inhibují aktivovaný F Xa. Mezi perorální antikoagulancia (OAC) řadíme warfarin, který potlačuje tvorbu funkčních prokoagulačních faktorů závislých na vitaminu K (protrombinu, F VII, F IX a F X), a tzv. přímá perorální antikoagulancia (DOAC), která vyvolávají buď přímou inhibici trombinu (dabigatran etexilát), nebo přímou inhibici aktivovaného F Xa (apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban).
Anticoagulation therapy prevents the generation of thrombin and the subsequent conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by various mechanisms. Heparin is a parenterally administered anticoagulant that indirectly blocks the thrombotic effect of thrombin after activation of antithrombin. Injectable anticoagulants also include low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) and fondaparinux, which indirectly, with the participation of antithrombin, inhibit activated F Xa. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) include warfarin, which suppresses the formation of functional procoagulation factors dependent on vitamin K (prothrombin, F VII, F IX, and F X), and so-called direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which cause either direct inhibition of thrombin (dabigatran etexilate) or direct inhibition of activated F Xa (apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban).
- Klíčová slova
- přímá orální antikoagulancia (DOAC),
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia * aplikace a dávkování klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- heparin nízkomolekulární aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na léky MeSH
- tromboembolie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- warfarin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Prezentovaná kazuistika názorně ukazuje nasazení vysoce účinné terapie již v raných fázích roztroušené sklerózy jako efektivní strategii. Superiorní efektivitu tohoto přístupu potvrzují i četné studie z reálné klinické praxe. Vedle efektivity terapie je nicméně zcela zásadní sledovat i nežádoucí účinky a včasně zakročit. S rozšiřující se paletou chorobu modifikujících terapií (DMT) je další palčivou otázkou vhodná sekvence jednotlivých léčiv. U pacientů léčených některými DMT (S1P modulátory, natalizumab) je nutno při hledání další terapie pomýšlet také na riziko rebound fenoménu. Jednou z variant, která se z dostupných dat zdá být vhodnou, je následné nasazení okrelizumabu. Při vedení terapie nesmíme zapomínat ani na nefarmakologické přístupy.
The presented case report illustrates the use of high-efficacy therapy in the early stages of multiple sclerosis as an effective strategy. Numerous studies from real clinical practice confirm the superior effectiveness of this approach. However, in addition to the effectiveness of the therapy, it is crucial to monitor side effects and to intervene early. With the expanding range of disease-modifying therapies (DMT), the appropriate sequencing of individual drugs is another pressing issue. For patients treated with some DMT (S1P modulators, natalizumab) the risk of rebound phenomenon should also be considered when looking for subsequent therapy. One option that appears to be appropriate from the available data is the initiation of ocrelizumab. Non-pharmacological approaches must not be forgotten in the management of therapy, too.
- Klíčová slova
- okrelizumab, vysoce účinná terapie, úhradová kritéria,
- MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- náklady na léky MeSH
- natalizumab farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- neurozobrazování metody MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Increasing numbers of young people attending university has raised concerns about the capacity of student mental health services to support them. We conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to explore whether provision of an 8 week mindfulness course adapted for university students (Mindfulness Skills for Students-MSS), compared with university mental health support as usual (SAU), reduced psychological distress during the examination period. Here, we conduct an economic evaluation of MSS+SAU compared with SAU. DESIGN AND SETTING: Economic evaluation conducted alongside a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded RCT comparing provision of MSS+SAU to SAU. PARTICIPANTS: 616 university students randomised. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary economic evaluation assessed the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained from the perspective of the university counselling service. Costs relate to staff time required to deliver counselling service offerings. QALYs were derived from the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Dimension 6 Dimension (CORE-6D) preference based tool, which uses responses to six items of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; primary clinical outcome measure). Primary follow-up duration was 5 and 7 months for the two recruitment cohorts. RESULTS: It was estimated to cost £1584 (2022 prices) to deliver an MSS course to 30 students, £52.82 per student. Both costs (adjusted mean difference: £48, 95% CI £40-£56) and QALYs (adjusted mean difference: 0.014, 95% CI 0.008 to 0.021) were significantly higher in the MSS arm compared with SAU. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was £3355, with a very high (99.99%) probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS: MSS leads to significantly improved outcomes at a moderate additional cost. The ICER of £3355 per QALY suggests that MSS is cost-effective when compared with the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds of £20 000 per QALY. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12615001160527.
- MeSH
- analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- kvalitativně upravené roky života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- psychický distres * MeSH
- studenti psychologie MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- všímavost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pragmatická klinická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This article aimed to count and compare treatment's direct (only biological drugs) and indirect (loss of productivity) costs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from 2019 to 2021. METHODS: The friction cost approach was used to establish indirect costs. Elasticity factor values and friction period for the Slovak Republic from 2019 to 2021 were determined. Direct drug costs were calculated based on average prices from 2019 to 2021 and the number of dispensed medication packages. RESULTS: The average productivity loss reached €2984.54 in 2019, €3338.46 in 2020, and €3154.01 in 2021. Total indirect costs include productivity loss and sick pay, and from 2019 to 2021 came the values of €8.4 million, €10.1 million, and €8.1 million, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect costs were almost 2.5 to 3 times lower than the biological and targeted treatment costs.
- MeSH
- ambulantní péče * ekonomika organizace a řízení MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb MeSH
- lékaři ekonomika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči trendy MeSH
- podíl na nákladech ekonomika trendy MeSH
- poplatky a výdaje trendy MeSH
- úhradový mechanismus ekonomika MeSH
- zdravotní pojištění organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH
- MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb MeSH
- ekonomika a organizace zdravotní péče * MeSH
- financování zdravotní péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- poplatky lékařské MeSH
- telemedicína MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH
- vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem MeSH
- zajištění kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- zaměstnavatel - náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- zdravý životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- novinové články MeSH
