Local stereological techniques can be used for particle volume estimation based on information collected on a section plane through a reference point of the particle. We present methods for variability estimation of the local stereological volume estimators. This variability arises during the stereological estimation procedure and in the particle population. Both of these components can be estimated separately from planar sections. Our aim is to give a preliminary analysis of the possibility to include the particle structure interaction into the estimation procedure. For this reason, not only the section profiles, but also their locations, have to be recorded. The methods are applied for the sectional data obtained from neurons in the hippocampal brain region subiculum of four 3-month-old male Wistar rats. The proposed procedure enables one to obtain information about particle volume distribution.

• MeSH
• hipokampus cytologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• mozek cytologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• velikost buňky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Photonic signals are broadly exploited in communication and sensing and they typically exhibit Poisson-like statistics. In a common scenario where the intensity of the photonic signals is low and one needs to remove a nonstationary trend of the signals for any further analysis, one faces an obstacle: due to the dependence between the mean and variance typical for a Poisson-like process, information about the trend remains in the variance even after the trend has been subtracted, possibly yielding artifactual results in further analyses. Commonly available detrending or normalizing methods cannot cope with this issue. To alleviate this issue we developed a suitable pre-processing method for the signals that originate from a Poisson-like process. In this paper, a Poisson pre-processing method for nonstationary time series with Poisson distribution is developed and tested on computer-generated model data and experimental data of chemiluminescence from human neutrophils and mung seeds. The presented method transforms a nonstationary Poisson signal into a stationary signal with a Poisson distribution while preserving the type of photocount distribution and phase-space structure of the signal. The importance of the suggested pre-processing method is shown in Fano factor and Hurst exponent analysis of both computer-generated model signals and experimental photonic signals. It is demonstrated that our pre-processing method is superior to standard detrending-based methods whenever further signal analysis is sensitive to variance of the signal.

• MeSH
• fotony * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutrofily metabolismus   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Based on a collapsing procedure and Rasch analysis, a Rasch-based optimal categorization procedure has been introduced for the determination of the categorization of a test or scale. As a result of the Rasch-based optimal categorization, the number of response categories could be reduced, which may be a threat to the internal structure of a measure. Using three available data sets (two data sets from one study with N = 480 and third set from another study with N = 219), this study examined the differences among the structures of exercise barrier scale constructs when a different number of response categories is used. Specifically, two models of exercise barrier constructs were compared using the structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the collapsing of categories has no effect on the structure of the latent variables. In addition, the results suggest that the collapsed num- ber of categories provides a slightly better model-data fit statistics. Two consequences for the no-impact finding are: (a) a better categorization may help eliminate systematic error related to response categories and (b) the range of ability, or between-subject variance, was still maintained. More studies are needed to determine these possible explanations’ contributions. The analysis of the internal structure illustrated in this study should be a part of the Rasch-based optimal categorization procedure.

• Klíčová slova
• kategorizace odpovědí, validita, faktorová analýza, teorie položkových odpovědí,
• MeSH
• cvičení psychologie   MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• osobnostní dotazník normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• péče o sebe psychologie   MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Článek se týká sexodiagnostiky u mužů. Aby sexodiagnostika mohla sloužit pacientům v sebeporozumění a veřejnosti v prevenci závažné sexuální kriminality, je potřebné, aby byla úzce napojena na perspektivní směry základního výzkumu sexuálních variací, tj. lidské přirozenosti. To ovšem předpokládá její nezávislost na tom, co si terapeut sexuálních delinkventů musí o sexuálních deviacích myslet, když má úspěšně užít současných léčebných metod. Článek poukazuje na podstatné odlišnosti názorů deliktoterapeutů na sexuální deviace od výsledků základního výzkumu. Prosazuje pojetí sexuální deviace jako vysuzované esence (podstaty, společné všem možným sexuálním deliktům daného pacienta). Tu podstatu hledá především v anomáliích úvodních složek sexuálně motivačního systému, v proceptivitě, kdy účast genitálu na erotické interakci ještě není podstatnou a jeho překrvení nemusí být subjektem cítěno, ale kdy na něm lze erotickou aktivaci již měřit a studovat - ovšem pouze pravou penilní volumetrií. Skutečné osvobození od sexuálních tabu předpokládá, že přestane být přehlížena proceptivita. Obecně psychopatologické výklady pacientových problémů (např. obecnou vadou komunikace pacienta, deficitem psychosociální zralosti apod.) poznání esence sexuálních variací, tj. anomálií proceptivity znemožňují. Myšlenka proceptivity znamená budovat nauku o sexuálních variacích odlišně od představ dosud o sexualitě převládajících. Článek ukazuje na nové výkladové možnosti sexuálních deviací a na důsledky tohoto přístupu pro praktickou sexuologii i pro psychopatologii obecně.

The article is concerned with sexodiagnostics with males. The purpose of sexodiagnostics is to help the patient reach self-understanding and to protect the community from violent sex crimes. To achieve this, sexodiagnostics should be linked closely with basic research of sexual variations i.e. of human nature and this in turn requires its full independence on what the current therapists of sex. offenders must think about paraphilias in order to successfully apply the current treatment methods. The article points out considerable differences between the therapists´ image of paraphilias and the results of basic research. The article promotes the concept of paraphilia as the inferred essence, common to all possible sex offenses in a given patient. This essence is predominantly looked for in the introductory components of the sexual behavioral system, in proceptivity. During the proceptive phase of erotic interaction the participation of the genitals is not substantial, genital tumescence need not be felt by the subject, but erotic activation can be measured and studied on the genital, provided true penile volumetry is used. True liberation from sexual taboos requires that proceptivity stops to be ignored. Finding the true essence of sexual variations, i.e. predominantly anomalies of proceptivity is made impossible by applying general psychopathological approaches (by applying the abstract concepts, such as e.g. communication or psychosocial maturity) to the proceptive phenomena. The idea of anchoring behavioral sexology in proceptivity is at variance with the currently prevailing beliefs. The article shows new interpretations of sex deviations as well as the consequences of this approach on practical sexology and on psychopathology in general.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky a postupy MeSH
• diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muži MeSH
• násilí prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• parafilie diagnostické užití   terapie   MeSH
• sexualita psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální delikty prevence a kontrola   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Záměr. Cílem studie byl převod Dotazníku konfliktu svědomí (Stress of Conscience Questionnaire – SCQ) do českého prostředí, ověření základních psychometrických parametrů, struktury nástroje, testování vztahu k věku, délce praxe, empatické orientaci a chování, funkci na oddělení a konstrukce lokálních norem. Soubor a procedura. Soubor tvořilo 572 zdravotních sester ze zařízení poskytujících léčebnou péči v Praze a ve třech českých krajích. Respondentky, které byly kontaktované zaškolenými studentkami medicíny, vyplnily dotazníky SCQ a JSPE-HP. Výsledky. Deskripce dat explorační faktorovou analýzou naznačila přítomnost dvou primárních faktorů F1 – Vnitřní podněty, F2 – Vnější podněty. Následný test konstruktové multidimenzionality Schmidovou-Leimanovou transformací identifikoval obecný faktor G, který vysvětloval 74 % společné variance, 26 % bylo vysvětleno dvěma specifickými faktory. Koeficient omegatotal pro obecný G faktor a specifické faktory, byl 0,882. Vnitřní konzistence celého nástroje, odhadovaná Cronbachovým koeficientem alfa, byla 0,79 (94%CI 0,76 – 0,81). Omezení studie. Odhad konfliktu svědomí byl založen na autorefenčních datech a soubor není z hlediska celé České republiky reprezentativní.

Objectives. The aim of the study was to introduce Stress of Conscience Questionnaire – SCQ into Czech environment, verify basic psychometric parameters, internal structure, elucidate association of the instrument scores with age, length of practice, working position, empathy, and construct local norms. Subjects and setting. The sample consisted of 572 Czech nurses employed in hospitals in Prague and three Czech regions. Nurses were approached by trained medical students and responded to SCQ and JSPE-HP questionnaires. Results. Exploratory factor analysis indicated presence of two primary factors, F1Inner and F2External Demands. Subsequent test of construct multidimensionality performed by Schmid-Leiman transformation suggested existence of a general factor G accounting for 74 % of common variance and two specific factors accounting of 26 % of variance. The value of omega-total = 0.882 represents the precision of the CSQ score to measure the blend of the G factor and specific factors. The internal consistency of the SCQ scale, estimated by Cronbach ́s coefficient alpha, was 0.79; 95%CI 0.76 – 0.81. Study limitation. Measurement of conflict of conscience is self-reported and the sample is not representative of the whole Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychometrie * MeSH
• sociální vědy * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svědomí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world, constituting a public health disaster unlike any other experienced in decades. The impact exerted on workplaces and their employees was dramatic, and an immense burden fell on healthcare provision globally. Along with "front-line" healthcare staff, sanitation workers at hospitals also had to cope with additional workloads, making them vulnerable to psychological trauma and affecting their quality of life at establishments. This study investigated how the factors of occupational stress, self-efficacy (belief in the capacity to carry out a task well) and mental health altered the WRQoL (Work-Related Quality of Life) of employees carrying out sanitation duties at hospitals in Malaysia. To this end, a survey translated into the Malay language was conducted among 449 such workers during a so-called "recovery movement control order", i.e. quarantine and control measures pertaining to an outbreak of Coronavirus disease. Research involved co-variance-based structural equation modeling, performed in IBM-AMOS-26 software, in order to discern the causal relationship of the aforementioned factors on WRQoL. Results revealed a high level of occupational stress, diminished self-efficacy and poor mental health among the employees surveyed. Such stress directly impacted the WRQoL of the second factor alongside an indirect effect on that of the third, i.e. anxiety stemming from potentially catching the virus and the experience of having to disinfect facilities for treating patients, undertake cleaning duties, and move corpses.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• pracovní stres * epidemiologie   MeSH
• sanitace MeSH
• sebeuplatnění MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Malajsie MeSH

"Genetics and Genomics in Medicine is a new textbook written for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as medical researchers, which explains the science behind the uses of genetics and genomics in medicine today. It is not just about rare inherited and chromosomal disorders, but how genetics affects the whole spectrum of human health and disease. DNA technologies are explained, with emphasis on the modern techniques that have revolutionized the use of genetic information in medicine and are indicating the role of genetics in common complex diseases. The detailed, integrative coverage of genetic approaches to treatment and prevention includes pharmacogenomics and the prospects for personalized medicine. Cancers are essentially genetic diseases and are given a dedicated chapter that includes new insights from cancer genome sequencing. Clinical disorders are covered throughout and there are extensive end-of-chapter questions and problems"--Provided by publisher.

Juno and CD9 protein, expressed in oolemma, are known to be essential for sperm-oocyte binding and fusion. Although evidence exists that these two proteins cooperate, their interaction has not yet been demonstrated. Here in, we present Juno and CD9 mutual localization over the surface of mouse metaphase II oocytes captured using the 3D STED super-resolution technique. The precise localization of examined proteins was identified in different compartments of oolemma such as the microvillar membrane, planar membrane between individual microvilli, and the membrane of microvilli-free region. Observed variance in localization of Juno and CD9 was confirmed by analysis of transmission and scanning electron microscopy images, which showed a significant difference in the presence of proteins between selected membrane compartments. Colocalization analysis of super-resolution images based on Pearson's correlation coefficient supported evidence of Juno and CD9 mutual position in the oolemma, which was identified by proximity ligation assay. Importantly, the interaction between Juno and CD9 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry in HEK293T/17 transfected cell line. For better understanding of experimental data, mouse Juno and CD9 3D structure were prepared by comparative homology modelling and several protein-protein flexible sidechain dockings were performed using the ClusPro server. The dynamic state of the proteins was studied in real-time at atomic level by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Docking and MD simulation predicted Juno-CD9 interactions and stability also suggesting an interactive mechanism. Using the multiscale approach, we detected close proximity of Juno and CD9 within microvillar oolemma however, not in the planar membrane or microvilli-free region. Our findings show yet unidentified Juno and CD9 interaction within the mouse oolemma protein network prior to sperm attachment. These results suggest that a Juno and CD9 interactive network could assist in primary Juno binding to sperm Izumo1 as a prerequisite to subsequent gamete membrane fusion.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• horní končetina fyziologie   MeSH
• klouby fyziologie   MeSH
• loket fyziologie   MeSH
• muskuloskeletální systém - fyziologické jevy MeSH
• pronace fyziologie   MeSH
• rameno fyziologie   MeSH
• ruka fyziologie   MeSH
• supinace fyziologie   MeSH
• zápěstí fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie

Štúdia si kladie za cieľ overiť Model na cieľ orientovaného správania autorov Peruginiho a Bagozziho (2001) aplikovaného na agresiu, a to pomocou dvoch výskumných štúdií. Prvá z nich overovala jeho pôvodnú podobu, v druhej došlo k modifikácii obsahu škály zachytávajúcej kontrolu. V prvej štúdii pozostával výskumný súbor zo 182 respondentov, v druhej štúdii z 203 študentov, ktorým bol administrovaný Richetinovej, Richardsonovej a Boykinov (2011) dotazník a Dotazník reakcií na konflikty (Richardson & Green, 2006). Bol overovaný predpoklad, že jednotlivé vzťahy medzi premennými budú porovnateľné s pôvodnými, preukázanými v pôvodnej štúdii. Výsledky prvej štúdie preukázali nedostatočnú výstižnosť modelu ako celku. Problematickým bol najmä faktor vnímanej kontroly nad správaním. V druhej štúdii model s novou škálou kontroly vykazoval postačujúce vlastnosti, pričom sa potvrdila jej dôležitá úloha pri predikcii správania už na úrovni predvôľových procesov.

The study was aimed to verify Model of Goal Directed Behavior (EMGB) by Perugini and Bagozzi (2001) applied on aggression by Richetin, Richardson and Boykin (2011). Two different studies were performed. Firstly original form of model was verified. In the second study, modification of EMGB through new conceptualization of scale of perceived behavioral control was executed. The research sample consisted together from 385 students of University of P.J. Šafárik and High school in Košice (182 respondents (78 men, 104 women with average age 20,84 years and standard deviation 1,94), who were involved in first study and 203 students (49 men and 154 women, with average age 19,71 and standard deviation 1,99) participated in second study) who were administrated questionnaire by Richetin et al. (2011) and Richardson Conflict Response Questionnaire (Richardson & Green, 2006). Expectancy of comparable relationships between particular factors of EMGB in comparison to its published original version was verified. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. In first study was shown insufficient fit of EMGB model. There were hypothesized two main sources of problems. At first, weak relationship between attitudes and behavioral desire was shown. Following statistical procedures confirmed its direct impact on intention, what is in correspondence with another studies (see Leone, Perugini & Ercolani, 2004, Perugini & Bagozzi, 2001, Richetin et al., 2011). Second source of problems was identified in factor named perceived behavioral control. Difficulties from our point of view lied in conceptualization of the term and its subsequent measurement. In the second study was involved new conceptualization of control. It corresponded with Baumeister´s understanding of selfcontrol as asserting control over one´s emotions, thoughts and behavior. After this modification sufficient fit of EMGB was shown. Besides this, factor of self-control was the strongest predictor of behavioral desire. Also important impact of this factor on prevolitional stages of aggressive behavior was identified. Next important predictor of behavioral desire was anticipation of positive emotions, but not negative emotions. These results correspond with theory of self-regulation where behavior that is focused on goal attainment is accompanied with positive emotions (see for example Cacioppo, Gardner & Berntson, 1999, Carver, 2004). Results confirmed not only sufficient model fit, but also explained 53% of variance of behavioral desire, 68% of intention and 37% of behavior. Some limitations should be mentioned - especially unequal gender representation in the second sample. Some results could be affected by lower sample size. For the future we recommend use also other types of aggressive behavior in verification EMGB and also to apply more complex incorporation of inhibition to the model. At last, character of this study is co-relational, therefore further researches should manipulate with key variables in experimental way to appraise main characteristics of stated theoretical background.

• MeSH
• agrese * MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kontrola chování psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebekontrola psychologie   MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH