Although the term articularis cubiti muscle is incorporated in the official anatomical nomenclature, only sparse data about its appearance are available. It is usually described as few fibres originating from the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle and inserting to the capsule of the elbow joint. However, the most recent observations regarding the morphological relations in the posterior elbow region point towards the absence of a well-defined muscle. Therefore, this study was designed to verify the existence of the articularis cubiti muscle in question and to compile more data on the topographical features of the subtricipital area near the posterior aspect of the elbow. To address these questions, 20 embalmed upper limbs were dissected, and seven samples were collected for histological analysis. The laboratory findings were then correlated with 20 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the elbow. Consequently, a narrative review of literature was performed to gain more information on the discussed muscle in a historical context. Upon the anatomical dissection, muscular fibres running from the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus to the elbow joint capsule and olecranon were identified in 100% of cases. Histologically, the connection with the joint capsule was provided via winding bands of connective tissue. On MRIs, the muscular fibres resembled a well-demarcated thin muscle located underneath the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. Combined with the review of literature, we concluded that the constant articularis cubiti muscle originates from the posterior shaft of the humerus and attaches indirectly to the posterior aspect of the elbow joint capsule and directly to the superior portion of the olecranon. The obtained results slightly differ from the modern description, but are in agreement with the original publication, which has become misinterpreted throughout time. Presumably, the misused description has led to questioning the existence of an independent muscle. Moreover, our findings attribute to the articularis cubiti muscle, a function in pulling on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint capsule to prevent its entrapment, and possibly also a minor role in extension of the forearm. The presented results should be taken into consideration when intervening with the posterior aspect of the elbow joint because the articularis cubiti muscle poses a consistently appearing landmark.
There are many osseous variants that occur around the elbow joint such as supracondylar process, supratrochlear foramen, accessory ossicles, and others. Scientific databases were searched for variants around the elbow joint. Elbow radiographs from our center demonstrating some of these findings were included in the study. The aim of the present review was to provide comprehensive information on the terminology, prevalence, history, etiology, and clinical importance of these variants. These anatomical variants are important for radiologists while interpreting radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for trauma and orthopedic surgeons during osteosynthesis at the distal humerus, proximal ulna, and radius.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to define a standardized comprehensive sonographic approach for evaluating the different histoanatomical compartments of the lateral elbow. DESIGN: Using high-frequency ultrasound probes, we tried to match the anatomical features of the lateral elbow and its different sonographic patterns in patients with the diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis. Moreover, high-sensitive color/power Doppler assessments have also been performed to evaluate the microcirculation. RESULTS: Modern ultrasound equipment seems to provide an extremely detailed sonographic assessment of the different anatomical layers located in the lateral compartment of the elbow. Moreover, high-sensitive color/power Doppler imaging allows for clear visualization of the perfusion patterns in pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, high-frequency B-mode and high-sensitive color/power Doppler imaging can be integrated with the clinical findings to better define the pain generator(s) for optimizing the management of patients with lateral epicondylitis.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loket diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- loketní kloub * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- svaly MeSH
- tenisový loket * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Cubital tunnel syndrome is a well-described entity with many reported etiologies and anatomical compression sites. Accessory ossicles of either traumatic or congenital origin might occur around the elbow joint. Only one case reporting such ossicles compressing the ulnar nerve exists in previous literature. We aim to present this entity with a detailed description of the patient history and treatment. CASE REPORT: We report a case of 30-year-old female presenting with classical signs of cubital tunnel syndrome-positive Wartenberg's and Froment's signs, hypoesthesia in the fourth and fifth finger with decreased finger duction strength but without gross hypotrophy of interosseous and hypothenar muscles. Tinel's sign was positive over the ulnar sulcus and an accessory ossicle was found on the elbow radiograph within the ulnar sulcus. The first signs of calcification in this patient were reported 6 years prior in a follow-up after the dislocation of her elbow joint following a bike accident. The EMG confirmed ulnar nerve neuropathy in the elbow area. The ossicle was extirpated, the ulnar nerve was decompressed in the ulnar sulcus in a standard manner and the symptoms quickly resolved. The patient has been regularly visiting our outpatient clinic for the next 12 years without any complaints considering her elbow and the ulnar nerve. CONCLUSION: This is a rare case of cubital tunnel syndrome caused by an accessory ossicle of traumatic origin. Simple bone extirpation with ulnar nerve release followed by anterior subcutaneous transposition is the recommended method of treatment. No report of congenital accessory bones causing ulnar nerve compression in the elbow exists in the literature.
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) guided intra-articular elbow injections are commonly performed in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To describe a proximal to distal approach for US-guided intra-articular elbow injection. DESIGN: Cadaveric study. SETTINGS: Academic institution. METHODS: Both elbows of a single cadaver were injected with green-colored water-diluted latex dye using the US-guided proximal to distal approach. In the left elbow, the needle was kept in situ; in the right elbow, the needle was removed. Subsequently, a layer-by-layer anatomical dissection was performed in both elbows. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence and distribution of the latex dye and location of the needle tip within the elbow joint capsule. RESULTS: Anatomical dissection of both elbows confirmed the correct intra-articular position of the needle tip in the left elbow as well as correct placement of the latex dye bilaterally. During layer-by-layer dissection of the left elbow, the position of the radial nerve was observed anterior to the needle. CONCLUSIONS: This cadaveric observation demonstrated that the US-guided proximal to distal approach is a convenient technique to access the elbow joint. Compared to the previously described techniques, the in-plane, proximal to distal approach may provide excellent needle visibility during the entire procedure, precisely targeting the articular space. The preliminary data need to be validated in additional clinical studies.
- MeSH
- injekce intraartikulární metody MeSH
- intervenční ultrasonografie metody MeSH
- latex MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loket MeSH
- loketní kloub * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
CME Sonography 107: Ultrasound Elbow Cases Abstract. In this article, we discuss exemplary sonographic pathologies at the anterior, lateral, medial, and posterior elbow, highlighting important structures that should be systematically examined in the corresponding elbow region.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loket * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- loketní kloub * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Anatomical variants observed during the posterior approach to the elbow joint require special attention due to their clinical relevance. We aim to present a compendious review of described variants potentially encountered during the posterior approach towards the elbow joint to the experts in the elbow surgery. METHODS: A narrative review of surgical and anatomical textbooks, as well as search of scientific databases was carried out. RESULTS: Variability of the subcutaneous nerves is important during incision planning. Accessory muscles such as dorsoepitrochlearis, chondroepitrochlearis, epitrochleoanconeus, subanconeus or supernumerary flexor carpi ulnaris may confuse even the senior surgeon during the dissection and possibly complicate the fracture reduction. Some bony variants such as supratrochlear foramen may lead to fracture or possibly interfere with the osteosynthesis placement. Accessory bones are also present in the region of the elbow joint. Those situated intra-articular may present with symptoms. CONCLUSION: Many variants can be encountered in the area of the elbow joint and their knowledge is essential to truly understand its anatomy. The presented review enables easier orientation in the current literature with the aim on the posterior approach towards the elbow joint.
- MeSH
- kosterní svaly chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loket inervace MeSH
- loketní kloub * anatomie a histologie MeSH
- poranění lokte * MeSH
- předloktí chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
ABSTRACT: In this dynamic protocol, ultrasound examination of the elbow using different maneuvers is described for several/relevant elbow problems. Scanning videos are coupled with real-time patient examination videos for better understanding. The authors believe that this practical guide-prepared by an international consensus of several experts (EURO-MUSCULUS: European Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group and USPRM: Ultrasound Study Group of ISPRM [International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine])-will help musculoskeletal physicians perform a better and uniform/standard approach.
Prostý rentgenový snímek je standardem pro vyšetření poranění dětského skeletu. Pro zobrazení neosifikovaných, chrupavčitých částí dětského skeletu je ale nedostačující. V naší práci prezentujeme možnosti ultrazvukové diagnostiky na příkladu kazuistiky sedmiletého pacienta se vzácným poraněním neosifikovaného mediálního epikondylu humeru, u kterého byla diagnóza stanovena za pomoci ultrazvukového vyšetření lokte. Na základě tohoto vyšetření byl pacient indikován k osteosyntéze. Vyšetření pomocí ultrazvuku je ideální, snadno dostupnou a pro pacienta nezatěžující metodou k verifikaci skeletálních poranění, která nemohou být diagnostikována pomocí běžných rentgenových snímků, a mělo by být standardní součástí diagnostického algoritmu poranění dětského skeletu při diskrepanci výrazných klinických příznaků s negativním rentgenovým nálezem.
Plain X-ray remains a standard diagnostic tool for evaluation of skeletal injuries in children. However, it provides inadequate imaging of unossified, cartilaginous parts of pediatric bones. Our article presents the possibilities of ultrasound imaging based on the case report of a seven years old patient with a rare injury of the unossified medial epicondyle of the humerus where the diagnosis and indication for osteosynthesis has been made based on ultrasound examination of the injured elbow. Ultrasound imaging is an ideal, accessible and affordable examination not stressful for the patient; this technique can be used to verify of skeletal injuries that cannot be diagnosed by plain X-ray. Ultrasound imaging should be a standard part of the diagnostic algorithm of skeletal injuries in the pediatric population where a discrepancy is present between distinctive symptoms and negative radiographs.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fraktury humeru * chirurgie MeSH
- humerus diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loket diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- loketní kloub chirurgie MeSH
- poranění lokte MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
