Synchronization
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Cambridge nonlinear science series ; vol. 12
1st ed. xix, 411 s.
- Klíčová slova
- Synchronizace, Teorie nonlineární,
- Konspekt
- Přírodní vědy. Matematické vědy
- NLK Obory
- přírodní vědy
Epilepsy has been historically seen as a functional brain disorder associated with excessive synchronization of large neuronal populations leading to a hypersynchronous state. Recent evidence showed that epileptiform phenomena, particularly seizures, result from complex interactions between neuronal networks characterized by heterogeneity of neuronal firing and dynamical evolution of synchronization. Desynchronization is often observed preceding seizures or during their early stages; in contrast, high levels of synchronization observed towards the end of seizures may facilitate termination. In this review we discuss cellular and network mechanisms responsible for such complex changes in synchronization. Recent work has identified cell-type-specific inhibitory and excitatory interactions, the dichotomy between neuronal firing and the non-local measurement of local field potentials distant to that firing, and the reflection of the neuronal dark matter problem in non-firing neurons active in seizures. These recent advances have challenged long-established views and are leading to a more rigorous and realistic understanding of the pathophysiology of epilepsy.
A large number of studies document cardiorespiratory changes occurring while listening to music. Less is known, however, about the interaction between cardiorespiratory and cerebral electrical rhythms during listening to music and how cognition and acoustic structural aspects of songs influence that interaction. We focused on tempo as a structural feature of songs, since tempo is a major determinant of physiological responses to music, and on familiarity and randomization of phase of local spectra of known and unknown songs for cognition. Our results indicated an overall increase in the degree of synchronization among cardiorespiratory variables (Heart rate (RR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), respiration) and between cardiorespiratory and cerebral (EEG) oscillations during all songs. We also observed a marked decrease in respiratory frequency bandwidth and increase in respiratory rate while listening to songs, and slow song produced the most periodic breathing. Compared with slow tempo, during fast song, DBP and cerebral oscillations became less synchronized with high frequency components of RR suggesting that the processes causing the previously known reduction in vagal activity with increase in tempo also may have caused the decrease in these synchronizations. Cognition of songs affected the SBP coherencies the most. DBP was synchronized with respiration more than all other measured variables in response to auditory stimuli. Results indicate an overall increase in the degree of synchronization among a variety of cerebral electrical and autonomically driven cardiovascular rhythms. It is possible that this significant increase in synchronizations underlies the widely reported pleasurable and palliative effects of listening to music.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dýchání * MeSH
- hudba * MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- korová synchronizace MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- sluchová percepce MeSH
- srdce fyziologie MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Výzkumnou prací jsme se dostali ke snímání rychlosti a zrychlení plavce tachografem a jeho obrazovým záznamem pohybu videokamerou. Vypracovali jsme počítačový program, který umožňuje současně při měření zobrazit na monitoru průběh měřených veličin současně s pohybem plavce. V laboratoři tiskneme numerické výsledky měření se synchronním videoobrazem. Změřili jsme 16 předních plavců ČR a poskytli trenérům a plavcům informace o chybách technice jejich plavců.
Research is based on record of speed and acceleration of swimmer through tachograph and recording of movement by video camera. We worked up computer program for synchronic measuring of physical quantity and recording of movement. We can print outcomes together with synchronic video gram. Till now we measured 16 top Czech swimmers and by it we provided to trainers information about objections of their sportsmen’s
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- elektrofyziologie MeSH
- korová synchronizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prsty ruky MeSH
- řeč MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
