This study examines the relationship between language use and psychological characteristics of the communicator. The aim of the study was to find models predicting the depressivity of the writer based on the computational linguistic markers of his/her written text. Respondents' linguistic fingerprints were traced in four texts of different genres. Depressivity was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The research sample (N = 172, 83 men, 89 women) was created by quota sampling an adult Czech population. Morphological variables of the texts showing differences (M-W test) between the non-depressive and depressive groups were incorporated into predictive models. Results: Across all participants, the data best fit predictive models of depressivity using morphological characteristics from the informal text "letter from holidays" (Nagelkerke r2 = 0.526 for men and 0.670 for women). For men, models for the formal texts "cover letter" and "complaint" showed moderate fit with the data (r2 = 0.479 and 0.435). The constructed models show weak to substantial recall (0.235 - 0.800) and moderate to substantial precision (0.571 - 0.889). Morphological variables appearing in the final models vary. There are no key morphological characteristics suitable for all models or for all genres. The resulting models' properties demonstrate that they should be suitable for screening individuals at risk of depression and the most suitable genre is informal text ("letter from holidays").

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The paper refl ects main changes which happened in the high school for visually impaired in the last decade. It is focused on substitution of the exclusive postition of the special school for a possibility of a choice of the pupil (and the family) where to be educated., on providing mainstream high schools integrating visually impaired pupils with methodological support, on strengthening competitiveness of the school, on interdisciplinary cooperation etc. Simultaneously, it emphasizes positive values accompanying the school in the period of its existence. In addition to educational activities obliging the students with special needs, the school provides a wide scale of activities to prepare students with visual impairment for independent life. Analysis of constants and variables in the development of the school as well as insertion into the context of contemporary conditions enables to indicate prospects of the school.

• MeSH
• integrovaná výuka metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pomůcky pro komunikaci postižených MeSH
• software pro rozpoznávání řeči MeSH
• výuka zrakově postižených * dějiny   metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• zrakově postižení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

The load-carrying system of each construction should fulfill several conditions which represent reliable criteria in the assessment procedure. It is the theory of structural reliability which determines probability of keeping required properties of constructions. Using this theory, it is possible to apply probabilistic computations based on the probability theory and mathematic statistics. Development of those methods has become more and more popular; it is used, in particular, in designs of load-carrying structures with the required level or reliability when at least some input variables in the design are random. The objective of this paper is to indicate the current scope which might be covered by the new method-Direct Optimized Probabilistic Calculation (DOProC) in assessments of reliability of load-carrying structures. DOProC uses a purely numerical approach without any simulation techniques. This provides more accurate solutions to probabilistic tasks, and, in some cases, such approach results in considerably faster completion of computations. DOProC can be used to solve efficiently a number of probabilistic computations. A very good sphere of application for DOProC is the assessment of the bolt reinforcement in the underground and mining workings. For the purposes above, a special software application-"Anchor"-has been developed.

• MeSH
• data mining * MeSH
• design vybavení * MeSH
• pravděpodobnost * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Dental development is frequently used to estimate age in many anthropological specializations. The aim of this study was to extract an accurate predictive age system for the Czech population and to discover any different predictive ability of various tooth types and their ontogenetic stability during infancy and adolescence. A cross-sectional panoramic X-ray study was based on developmental stages assessment of mandibular teeth (Moorrees et al. 1963) using 1393 individuals aged from 3 to 17 years. Data mining methods were used for dental age estimation. These are based on nonlinear relationships between the predicted age and data sets. Compared with other tested predictive models, the GAME method predicted age with the highest accuracy. Age-interval estimations between the 10th and 90th percentiles ranged from -1.06 to +1.01 years in girls and from -1.13 to +1.20 in boys. Accuracy was expressed by RMS error, which is the average deviation between estimated and chronological age. The predictive value of individual teeth changed during the investigated period from 3 to 17 years. When we evaluated the whole period, the second molars exhibited the best predictive ability. When evaluating partial age periods, we found that the accuracy of biological age prediction declines with increasing age (from 0.52 to 1.20 years in girls and from 0.62 to 1.22 years in boys) and that the predictive importance of tooth types changes, depending on variability and the number of developmental stages in the age interval. GAME is a promising tool for age-interval estimation studies as they can provide reliable predictive models.

• MeSH
• data mining metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika panoramatická MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• support vector machine MeSH
• určení zubního věku metody   MeSH
• zuby anatomie a histologie   radiografie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Recently published studies showed that age assessment methods are population specific. Authors analyse the senescence changes in pubic symphysis and sacro-pelvic surface of a pelvic bone using data mining methods. The multi-ethnic data set consists of 956 adult individuals ranging from 19 to 100 years of age derived from 9 different populations with known age and sex. The results show that accurate and reliable age assessment is possible to three age classes (less than 30, 30-60, 60 and more). The study confirms that population specificity of the methods exists and the variable "sex" is not important in age classification.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• data mining metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• etnicita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• os ilium anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• rasové skupiny MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• soudní antropologie MeSH
• symphysis pubica anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• určení kostního věku metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• analýza přežívání,
• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zdraví MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• lékařství
• statistika

Objects: Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) is an international survey programme aiming to investigate adolescents' health behaviours, subjective perception of health status, wellbeing, and the related contextual information. Our scoping review aimed to synthesise the evidence from HBSC about the relationship between family environmental contributors and adolescents' health-related outcomes. Methods: We searched previous studies from six electronic databases. Two researchers identified the qualified publications independently by abstract and full-text screening with the assistance of an NLP-based AI instrument, ASReview. Publications were included if they were based on HBSC data and investigated the effects of family environment on adolescents' health outcomes. Researches addressed family-related factors as mediators or moderators were also included. Results: A total of 241 articles were included. Family environmental contributors could be mapped into six categories: (1) Demographic backgrounds (N = 177); (2) General family's psycho-socio functions (N = 44); (3) Parenting behaviours (N = 100); (4) Parental health behaviours (N = 7); (5) Family activities (N = 24); and (6) Siblings (N = 7). Except for 75 papers that assessed family variables as moderators (N = 70) and mediators (N = 7), the others suggested family environment was an independent variable. Only five studies employed the data-driven approach. Conclusion: Our results suggest most research studies focussed on the influences of family demographic backgrounds on adolescents' health. The researches related to parental health behaviours and siblings are most inadequate. Besides, we recommend further research studies to focus on the mediator/moderator roles of the family, for exploring the deep mechanism of the family's impacts. Also, it would be valuable to consider data-driven analysis more in the future, as HBSC has mass variables and data.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Amyotrofická laterální skleróza (ALS) je progresivní neurodegenerativní onemocnění. K typickým symptomům onemocnění patří mj. dysartrie a dysfagie (tzv. bulbární příznaky). Postupné oslabení až ztráta řečových funkcí staví pacienty s ALS do pozice vážných kandidátů pro zavedení alternativní a augmentativní komunikace (AAK). Pacienti s ALS by měli být od počátku onemocnění sledováni klinickým logopedem s pravidelným hodnocením řečových funkcí, doporučením a nastavením AAK. Zajištění možnosti komunikace po celou dobu onemocnění výrazně zlepšuje kvalitu života pacientů i jejich blízkých. Příspěvek prezentuje výsledky dlouhodobého sledování souboru 89 pacientů s ALS se symptomy bulbární dysfunkce se zaměřením na využívání metod AAK a načasování zahájení jejich použití. Ve sledovaném období využívala v našem souboru AAK necelá polovina pacientů. Dle očekávání šlo většinou o pacienty s těžkou dysartrií či anartrií. K využívání AAK přistoupili pacienti nejčastěji přibližně po 16 měsících od začátku rozvoje bulbárních příznaků. Doba zapojení AAK však byla výrazně individuálně variabilní a u některých pacientů nebyla v našem souboru AAK využívána dokonce ani po více než 8 letech od iniciální manifestace bulbární dysfunkce.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Among others, dysarthria and dysphagia (i.e. bulbar dysfunction) represent common clinical manifestations of ALS. Gradual impairment or even loss of speech functions puts ALS patients in the position of serious candidates for the implementation of Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC). Regular follow-up with the assessment of speech functions and AAC recommendation and settings in the relevant cases provided by the Clinical Speech Therapist are recommended in all ALS patients, from the onset of the disease. Maintaining the possibility of communication and interaction with the family and friends throughout the disease significantly improves the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. The paper presents the results of the long-term follow-up of a group of 89 ALS patients with bulbar impairment, focused on the use of AAC and the timing of AAC onset. Almost one-half of our patients started to use AAC in the follow-up period. Not surprisingly, the AAC methods were used mainly by patients with severe dysarthria or anarthria. In the study sample, patients started to use AAC approximately 16 months after the onset of bulbar symptoms. However, the time to onset of AAC was significantly variable individually, and a few patients did not use any AAC methods, even in the interval of more than 8 years from the onset of clinical bulbar impairment.

• MeSH
• amyotrofická laterální skleróza * komplikace   MeSH
• dysartrie terapie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pomůcky pro komunikaci postižených * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Po dlouhé době vychází stručná a moderní příručka, koncipovaná s ohledem na lékaře a studenty LF, kteří potřebují nové a přehledně utříděné poznatky o tomto základním oboru medicíny. Dlouhodobé odborné i pedagogické zkušenosti autorky dávají záruku, že se publikace může stát základní učebnicí oboru, na rozdíl od mnoha jiných textů, které mají mnohdy tendenci význam tohoto oboru podceňovat nebo naopak přeceňovat.

• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie MeSH
• běžná variabilní imunodeficience MeSH
• imunita MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• imunologické techniky MeSH
• vnitřní lékařství MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• alergologie a imunologie
• vnitřní lékařství