• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine are progressively developed areas due to many novel tissue replacements and implementation strategies. Increasing knowledge involving the fabrication of biomaterials with advanced physicochemical and biological characteristics, successful isolation and preparation of stem cells, incorporation of growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic environments gives us a unique opportunity to develop various types of scaffolds for TE. The current strategies for soft tissue reconstitution or regeneration highlight the importance of novel regenerative therapies in cases of significant soft tissue loss and in cases of congenital defects, disease, trauma and ageing. Various types of biomaterials and scaffolds have been tested for soft tissue regeneration. The synthetic types of materials have gained great attention due to high versatility, tunability and easy functionalization for better biocompatibility. This article reviews the current materials that are usually the most used for the fabrication of scaffolds for soft TE; in addition, the types of scaffolds together with examples of their applications for the regenerative purposes of soft tissue, as well as their major physicochemical characteristics regarding the increased applicability of these materials in medicine, are reviewed.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymery aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• poranění měkkých tkání farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• stárnutí účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   trendy   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury * trendy   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

For many living with the devastating aftermath of disfiguring facial injuries, extremity amputations, and other composite tissues defects, conventional reconstruction offers limited relief. Full restoration of the face or extremities with anatomic equivalents recently became possible with decades of advancements in transplantation and regenerative medicine. Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is the transfer of anatomic equivalents from immunologically and aesthetically compatible donors to recipients with severe defects. The transplanted tissues are "composite" because they include multiple types essential for function, for example, skin, muscle, nerves, and blood vessels. More than 100 patients worldwide have benefited from VCA, the majority receiving hand or face transplants. Despite its demonstrated results, the clinical practice of VCA is limited by center experience, public awareness, donor shortage, and the risks of lifelong immune suppression. Tissue engineering (TE) is the generation of customized tissues in the laboratory using cells, biomaterials and bioreactors. Tissue engineering may eventually supersede VCA in the clinic, because it bypasses donor shortage and immune suppression challenges. Billions of dollars have been invested in TE research and development, which are expected to result in a myriad of clinical products within the mid- to long-term. First, tissue engineers must address challenges such as vascularization of engineered tissues and maintenance of phenotype in culture. If these hurdles can be overcome, it is to be hoped that the lessons learned through decades of research in both VCA and TE will act synergistically to generate off-the-shelf composite tissues that can thrive after implantation and in the absence of immune suppression.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství dějiny   MeSH
• vaskularizovaná kompozitní alotransplantace dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

The rapid development of tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine brings an acute need for biocompatible and bioactive biological scaffolds to regenerate or restore damaged tissue. Great attention is focused on the decellularization of tissues or even whole organs, and the subsequent colonization of such decellularized extracellular matrices by recipient cells. The foreskin is an integral, normal part of the external genitalia that forms the anatomical covering of the glans penis and the urinary meatus of all human and non-human primates. It is mucocutaneous tissue that marks the boundary between mucosa and skin. In this work, we compared two innovative decellularization techniques for human foreskins obtained from donors. We compared the efficacy and feasibility of these protocols and the biosafety of prepared acellular dermal matrixes that can serve as a suitable scaffold for TE. The present study confirms the feasibility of foreskin decellularization based on enzymatic or detergent methods. Both techniques conserved the ultrastructure and composition of natural ECM while being DNA-free and non-toxic, making it an excellent scaffold for follow-up research and TE applications.

• MeSH
• extracelulární matrix MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předkožka * MeSH
• regenerativní lékařství metody   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství * metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers are very attractive materials for tissue engineering (TE) due to their degradability and structural similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, upon exposure to biological media, their surface is rapidly fouled by proteins and cells, which may lead to inflammation and foreign body reaction. In this study, an approach for the modification of PCL nanofibers to prevent protein fouling from biological fluids and subsequent cell adhesion is introduced. A biomimetic polydopamine (PDA) layer was deposited on the surface of the PCL nanofibers and four types of antifouling polymer brushes were grown by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) from initiator moieties covalently attached to the PDA layer. Cell adhesion was assessed with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). MEFs rapidly adhered and formed cell-matrix adhesions (CMAs) with PCL and PCL-PDA nanofibers. Importantly, the nanofibers modified with antifouling polymer brushes were able to suppress non-specific protein adsorption and thereby cell adhesion.

• MeSH
• bioznečištění prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   MeSH
• polyestery * MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with bioactive nanoparticles are promising materials for bone tissue engineering. METHODS: In this study, composite nanofibrous membranes containing a copolymer of L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) and diamond nanoparticles were fabricated by an electrospinning technique. PLGA was dissolved in a mixture of methylene chloride and dimethyl formamide (2:3) at a concentration of 2.3 wt%, and nanodiamond (ND) powder was added at a concentration of 0.7 wt% (about 23 wt% in dry PLGA). RESULTS: In the composite scaffolds, the ND particles were either arranged like beads in the central part of the fibers or formed clusters protruding from the fibers. In the PLGA-ND membranes, the fibers were thicker (diameter 270 ± 9 nm) than in pure PLGA meshes (diameter 218 ± 4 nm), but the areas of pores among these fibers were smaller than in pure PLGA samples (0.46 ± 0.02 μm(2) versus 1.28 ± 0.09 μm(2) in pure PLGA samples). The PLGA-ND membranes showed higher mechanical resistance, as demonstrated by rupture tests of load and deflection of rupture probe at failure. Both types of membranes enabled the attachment, spreading, and subsequent proliferation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells to a similar extent, although these values were usually lower than on polystyrene dishes. Nevertheless, the cells on both types of membranes were polygonal or spindle-like in shape, and were distributed homogeneously on the samples. From days 1-7 after seeding, their number rose continuously, and at the end of the experiment, these cells were able to create a confluent layer. At the same time, the cell viability, evaluated by a LIVE/DEAD viability/cytotoxicity kit, ranged from 92% to 97% on both types of membranes. In addition, on PLGA-ND membranes, the cells formed well developed talin-containing focal adhesion plaques. As estimated by the determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the culture medium and concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, MG-63 cells, and RAW 264.7 macrophages on these membranes did not show considerable inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION: This study shows that nanofibrous PLGA membranes loaded with diamond nanoparticles have interesting potential for use in bone tissue engineering.

• MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• diamant chemie   MeSH
• kostní náhrady chemie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná chemie   MeSH
• kyselina polyglykolová chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrofilamenta metabolismus   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• nanomedicína MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• osteoblasty cytologie   imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• viabilita buněk MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Various types of nanofibers are increasingly used in tissue engineering, mainly for their ability to mimic the architecture of tissue at the nanoscale. We evaluated the adhesion, growth, viability, and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells on polylactide (PLA) nanofibers prepared by needle-less electrospinning and loaded with 5 or 15 wt % of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. On day 7 after seeding, the cell number was the highest on samples with 15 wt % of HA. This result was confirmed by the XTT test, especially after dynamic cultivation, when the number of metabolically active cells on these samples was even higher than on control polystyrene. Staining with a live/dead kit showed that the viability of cells on all nanofibrous scaffolds was very high and comparable to that on control polystyrene dishes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the concentration of osteocalcin was also higher in cells on samples with 15 wt % of HA. There was no immune activation of cells (measured by production of TNF-alpha), associated with the incorporation of HA. Moreover, the addition of HA suppressed the creep behavior of the scaffolds in their dry state. Thus, nanofibrous PLA scaffolds have potential for bone tissue engineering, particularly those with 15 wt % of HA.

• MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• hydroxyapatit chemie   MeSH
• kostní náhrady MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   MeSH
• osteoblasty cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• osteokalcin biosyntéza   MeSH
• polyestery chemie   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• viabilita buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Prvotní entuziasmus širokého použití multipotentních mezenchymových kmenových buněk v medicíně odezněl. Klinické použití MSC v léčbě chrupavky zaostává za očekáváními. Ne všechna současná použití MSC jsou aplikována ve smyslu medicíny založené na důkazech. Některé terapie se zdají být prodáváním naděje, a ne léčením. Enormní regulace pokročilých terapií na jedné straně brzdí terapeutické postupy, ale na straně druhé vede k ověření bezpečnosti a efektivity terapie. V současné době existuje několik klinických studií fáze I se slibnými výsledky, ale efektivita MSC musí být ještě potvrzena ve fázích II a III. Ortopedická společnost stále čeká na efektivní buněčnou terapii a štěp vytvořený tkáňovým inženýrstvím chrupavky, ale do té doby zůstanou mikrofraktury jednou z mála možností, jak léčit chrupavku.

The enthusiasm about broad application of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in human medicine is gone. The clinical use of MSC in cartilage treatment is far below the expectations. Not all of the currently utilised MSC applications are used according to evidence-based medicine. Some of the therapies seem to sell hope instead of a true cure. Enormous regulations of advanced therapies medicinal products lead to a delay in therapeutic approaches on the one hand, on the other hand lead to assurance of safety and efficacy of a therapy. Currently there are only a few clinical trials on cartilage treatment, which went through phase I with promising results, but the efficacy of MSC use needs to be proved in phase II and III. The orthopaedic society still waits for an effective cell therapy and tissue engineered cartilage graft, until that time the microfracturing stays one of a few options how to treat the cartilage.

• MeSH
• buněčná a tkáňová terapie * MeSH
• hyalinní chrupavka * patofyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky MeSH
• řízená tkáňová regenerace MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Despite the clinical benefits that chemotherapeutics has had on the treatment of breast cancer, drug resistance remains one of the main obstacles to curative cancer therapy. Nanomedicines allow therapeutics to be more targeted and effective, resulting in enhanced treatment success, reduced side effects, and the possibility of minimising drug resistance by the co-delivery of therapeutic agents. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have been established as efficient vectors for drug delivery. Their high surface area makes them an ideal carrier for the administration of multiple therapeutics, providing the means to apply multiple attacks to the tumour. Moreover, immobilising targeting ligands on the pSiNP surface helps direct them selectively to cancer cells, thereby reducing harm to normal tissues. Here, we engineered breast cancer-targeted pSiNPs co-loaded with an anticancer drug and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). AuNCs have the capacity to induce hyperthermia when exposed to a radiofrequency field. Using monolayer and 3D cell cultures, we demonstrate that the cell-killing efficacy of combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy via targeted pSiNPs is 1.5-fold higher than applying monotherapy and 3.5-fold higher compared to using a nontargeted system with combined therapeutics. The results not only demonstrate targeted pSiNPs as a successful nanocarrier for combination therapy but also confirm it as a versatile platform with the potential to be used for personalised medicine.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• obličejová bolest patofyziologie   MeSH
• temporomandibulární kloub fyziologie   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Stomatologie
• NLK Obory
• zubní lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie