• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• zrak MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Aerial photographs depict objects from an overhead position, which gives them several unusual visual characteristics that are challenging for viewers to perceive and memorize. However, even for untrained viewers, aerial photographs are still meaningful and rich with contextual information. Such visual stimulus properties are considered appropriate and important when testing for expertise effects in visual recognition memory. The current experiment investigated memory recognition in expert image analysts and untrained viewers using two types of aerial photographs. The experts were better than untrained viewers at recognizing both vertical aerial photographs, which is the domain of their expertise, and oblique aerial photographs. Thus, one notable finding is that the superior memory performance of experts is not limited to a domain of expertise but extends to a broader category of large-scale landscape scenes. Furthermore, the experts' recognition accuracy remained relatively stable throughout the experimental conditions, illustrating the ability to use semantic information over strictly visual information in memory processes.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotografování metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odborná způsobilost * MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Recognition memory is the ability to recognize previously encountered objects. Even this relatively simple, yet extremely fast, ability requires the coordinated activity of large-scale brain networks. However, little is known about the sub-second dynamics of these networks. The majority of current studies into large-scale network dynamics is primarily based on imaging techniques suffering from either poor temporal or spatial resolution. We investigated the dynamics of large-scale functional brain networks underlying recognition memory at the millisecond scale. Specifically, we analyzed dynamic effective connectivity from intracranial electroencephalography while epileptic subjects (n = 18) performed a fast visual recognition memory task. Our data-driven investigation using Granger causality and the analysis of communities with the Louvain algorithm spotlighted a dynamic interplay of two large-scale networks associated with successful recognition. The first network involved the right visual ventral stream and bilateral frontal regions. It was characterized by early, predominantly bottom-up information flow peaking at 115 ms. It was followed by the involvement of another network with predominantly top-down connectivity peaking at 220 ms, mainly in the left anterior hemisphere. The transition between these two networks was associated with changes in network topology, evolving from a more segregated to a more integrated state. These results highlight that distinct large-scale brain networks involved in visual recognition memory unfold early and quickly, within the first 300 ms after stimulus onset. Our study extends the current understanding of the rapid network changes during rapid cognitive processes.

• MeSH
• čelní lalok MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku * metody   MeSH
• mozek * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• neurovědy

High frequency oscillations are associated with normal brain function, but also increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers of the epileptogenic brain. Their role in human cognition has been predominantly studied in classical gamma frequencies (30-100 Hz), which reflect neuronal network coordination involved in attention, learning and memory. Invasive brain recordings in animals and humans demonstrate that physiological oscillations extend beyond the gamma frequency range, but their function in human cognitive processing has not been fully elucidated. Here we investigate high frequency oscillations spanning the high gamma (50-125 Hz), ripple (125-250 Hz) and fast ripple (250-500 Hz) frequency bands using intracranial recordings from 12 patients (five males and seven females, age 21-63 years) during memory encoding and recall of a series of affectively charged images. Presentation of the images induced high frequency oscillations in all three studied bands within the primary visual, limbic and higher order cortical regions in a sequence consistent with the visual processing stream. These induced oscillations were detected on individual electrodes localized in the amygdala, hippocampus and specific neocortical areas, revealing discrete oscillations of characteristic frequency, duration and latency from image presentation. Memory encoding and recall significantly modulated the number of induced high gamma, ripple and fast ripple detections in the studied structures, which was greater in the primary sensory areas during the encoding (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.002) and in the higher-order cortical association areas during the recall (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.001) of memorized images. Furthermore, the induced high gamma, ripple and fast ripple responses discriminated the encoded and the affectively charged images. In summary, our results show that high frequency oscillations, spanning a wide range of frequencies, are associated with memory processing and generated along distributed cortical and limbic brain regions. These findings support an important role for fast network synchronization in human cognition and extend our understanding of normal physiological brain activity during memory processing.

• MeSH
• afekt fyziologie   MeSH
• amygdala fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• funkční zobrazování neurálních procesů MeSH
• hipokampus fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• mozkové vlny fyziologie   MeSH
• nervová síť fyziologie   MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpomínání fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) fyziologie   MeSH
• somatosenzorické korové centrum fyziologie   MeSH
• velký mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Previous studies have demonstrated that humans have a remarkable capacity to memorise a large number of scenes. The research on memorability has shown that memory performance can be predicted by the content of an image. We explored how remembering an image is affected by the image properties within the context of the reference set, including the extent to which it is different from its neighbours (image-space sparseness) and if it belongs to the same category as its neighbours (uniformity). We used a reference set of 2,048 scenes (64 categories), evaluated pairwise scene similarity using deep features from a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN), and calculated the image-space sparseness and uniformity for each image. We ran three memory experiments, varying the memory workload with experiment length and colour/greyscale presentation. We measured the sensitivity and criterion value changes as a function of image-space sparseness and uniformity. Across all three experiments, we found separate effects of 1) sparseness on memory sensitivity, and 2) uniformity on the recognition criterion. People better remembered (and correctly rejected) images that were more separated from others. People tended to make more false alarms and fewer miss errors in images from categorically uniform portions of the image-space. We propose that both image-space properties affect human decisions when recognising images. Additionally, we found that colour presentation did not yield better memory performance over grayscale images.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuronové sítě * MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpomínání fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We examined whether recognition of facial emotional expression would be affected in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). A total of 50 elderly persons met the initial inclusion criteria; 10 were subsequently excluded (Geriatric Depression Score > 5). 22 subjects were classified with aMCI based on published criteria (single domain aMCI [SD-aMCI], n = 10; multiple domain aMCI [MD-aMCI], n = 12); 18 subjects were cognitively normal. All underwent standard neurological and neuropsychological evaluations as well as tests of facial emotion recognition (FER) and famous faces identification (FFI). Among normal controls, FFI was negatively correlated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores and positively correlated with executive function. Among patients with aMCI, FER was correlated with attention/speed of processing. No other correlations were significant. In a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, and education, a poorer score on FER, but not on FFI, was associated with greater odds of being classified as MD-aMCI (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-13.91; p = 0.042). This association was not explained by memory or global cognitive score. There was no association between FER or FFI and SD-aMCI (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.36-3.57; p = 0.836). Therefore, FER, but not FFI, may be impaired in MD-aMCI. This implies that in MD-aMCI, the tasks of FER and FFI may involve segregated neurocognitive networks.

• MeSH
• amnézie epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• významné osobnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Úvod: Poruchy chování u pacientů s rozvinutou Alzheimerovou chorobou (ACH) byly popsány v řadě studií. U pacientů s mírnou kognitivní poruchou (MCI) je nejčastěji pozorovanou neuropsychiatrickou poruchou deprese, jejíž přítomnost zvyšuje riziko konverze MCI do demence. Pro vznik neuropsychiatrických poruch je důležitý limbický a fronto-subkortikální okruh mozku. Struktury zapojené v těchto okruzích se rovněž podílejí na zpracování emocí. Cíl studie: Zjistit, zda pacienti s MCI mají poruchu rozeznávání emocí, zda jsou depresivnější než kontrolní skupina a zda existuje vztah mezi poškozením rozeznávání emocí z výrazu tváře a mírou depresivity u těchto pacientů. Metodika: Třicet čtyři pacientů s MCI a 23 kontrol bylo vyšetřeno standardní neuropsychologickou baterií (zaměřenou na paměť, exekutivní, vizuo­spaciální a jazykové funkce), geriatrickou škálou deprese a Facial Emotion Recognition testem k rozeznání emoční agnózie (testované emoce: radost, hněv, strach, smutek, znechucení a údiv). Výsledky: Pacienti s MCI hůře rozeznávali emoce z výrazu tváře v porovnání s kontrolní skupinou (p < 0,05) a zároveň tato skupina byla signifikantně depresivnější než kontroly (p < 0,05). Mezi výsledkem v rozeznávání emocí jako celku a mírou depresivity korelace nalezena nebyla (r = 0,15; p = 0,28). Při rozboru jednotlivých emocí však deprese negativně korelovala s rozeznáváním radosti (r = –0,32; p < 0,05). Závěr: Pacienti s MCI mají poruchu rozeznávání emocí z výrazu tváře a jsou depresivnější než kontroly. Úroveň deprese měla vliv pouze na rozeznávání radosti. Klíčová slova: míra depresivity – výraz tváře – rozeznávání emocí – mírná kognitivní porucha – Alzheimerova choroba

Objective: Neuropsychiatric disorders are frequent in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as indicated by cross-sectional studies. Depression is the most frequent disorder in MCI patients and its presence increases the risk of conversion into Alzheimer's disease. Two systems are responsible for neuropsychiatric disorders: the limbic system and fronto-subcortical connections. The structures involved in these systems are also responsible for emotion processing. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish whether MCI patients have a deficit in emotion recognition and whether they have more severe depression than a control group and to assess the relationship between severity of depression and the ability to recognize emotions from facial expression. Patients and methods: The study included 34 MCI patients and 23 controls. All subjects underwent routine neuropsychological testing (focused on memory, attention and speed of processing, executive, visuospatial and language functions). Emotional agnosia was examined by Facial Emotion Recognition Test and depression was assessed by geriatric depression scale. Results: MCI group performed worse than controls on recognition of facial emotions (p < 0.05), and this group was also significantly more depressive than controls (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between severity of depression and total emotion recognition (r = 0.15, p = 0.28). Severity of depression correlated with inability to recognize happiness (p < 0.05, r = –0.32). Conclusion: The ability to recognize emotions from facial expression is impaired in MCI patients and severity of depression contributes to inability of MCI patients to recognize happiness. Key words: depression – facial expression – recognition of emotions – mild cognitive impairment – Alzheimer disease The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manu­script met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

• MeSH
• amygdala MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• radost MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The ability to understand emotions is often disturbed in patients with cognitive impairments. Right temporal lobe structures play a crucial role in emotional processing, especially the amygdala, temporal pole (TP), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and anterior cingulate (AC). Those regions are affected in early stages of Alzheimer ́s disease (AD). The aim of our study was to evaluate emotional prosody recognition (EPR) in participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD, AD dementia patients, and cognitively healthy controls and to measure volumes or thickness of the brain structures involved in this process. In addition, we correlated EPR score to cognitive impairment as measured by MMSE. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the ability of EPR tests to differentiate the control group from the aMCI and dementia groups. METHODS: Eighty-nine participants from the Czech Brain Aging Study: 43 aMCI due to AD, 36 AD dementia, and 23 controls, underwent Prosody Emotional Recognition Test. This experimental test included the playback of 25 sentences with neutral meaning each recorded with different emotional prosody (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger). Volume of the amygdala and thickness of the TP, STS, and rostral and caudal parts of AC (RAC and CAC) were measured using FreeSurfer algorithm software. ANCOVA was used to evaluate EPR score differences. ROC analysis was used to assess the ability of EPR test to differentiate the control group from the aMCI and dementia groups. The Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to explore relationships between EPR scores, structural brain measures, and MMSE. RESULTS: EPR was lower in the dementia and aMCI groups compared with controls. EPR total score had high sensitivity in distinguishing between not only controls and patients, but also controls and aMCI, controls and dementia, and aMCI and dementia. EPR decreased with disease severity as it correlated with MMSE. There was a significant positive correlation of EPR and thickness of the right TP, STS, and bilateral RAC. CONCLUSIONS: EPR is impaired in AD dementia and aMCI due to AD. These data suggest that the broad range of AD symptoms may include specific deficits in the emotional sphere which further complicate the patient's quality of life.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH