agricultural waste Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
sv.
- MeSH
- nakládání s odpady MeSH
- odpadní produkty MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biologické vědy
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- zemědělství a potravinářství
The annual food and agricultural waste production reaches enormous numbers. Therefore, an increasing need to valorize produced wastes arises. Waste materials originating from the food and agricultural industry can be considered as functional materials with interesting properties and broad application potential. Moreover, using an appropriate magnetic modification, smart materials exhibiting a rapid response to an external magnetic field can be obtained. Such materials can be easily and selectively separated from desired environments. Magnetically responsive waste derivatives of biological origins have already been prepared and used as efficient biosorbents for the isolation and removal of both biologically active compounds and organic and inorganic pollutants and radionuclides, as biocompatible carriers for the immobilization of diverse types of (bio)molecules, cells, nano- and microparticles, or (bio)catalysts. Potential bactericidal, algicidal, or anti-biofilm properties of magnetic waste composites have also been tested. Furthermore, low cost and availability of waste biomaterials in larger amounts predetermine their utilization in large-scale processes.
Recycling of waste containing nanomaterials 29 -- The importance of recycling in waste management . 30 on waste containing nanomaterials (WCNMs) (quantity, composition) 45 -- Waste treatment option: waste Disposal routes of municipal solid waste 52 -- Chapter 4. and management of nanomaterials in waste 65 -- NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE STREAMS ©OECD 2016 7 -- TABLE Selected waste streams with possible WCNM 41 -- 3.1.
93 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- nakládání s odpady MeSH
- nanočástice MeSH
- nanostruktury MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
- odpadní vody MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sanitární technika. Vodárenství. Odpadové hospodářství. Světelná technika
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
elektronický časopis
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- toxikologie
- environmentální vědy
- NLK Publikační typ
- elektronické časopisy
The production of renewable energy in agricultural biogas plants is being widely criticized because-among other things-most of the feedstock comes from purpose-grown crops like maize. These activities (generously subsidized in the Czech Republic) generate competitive pressure to other crops that are used for feeding or food production, worsening their affordability. Unique pretreatment technology that allows substitution of the purpose-grown crops by farming residues (such as husk or straw) was built 6 years ago on a commercial basis in Pěčín (Czech Republic) under modest funding and without publicity. The design of the concept; financial assessment and moral viewpoint were analyzed based on practical operating data. It showed that the apparatus improves economic, environmental and moral acceptance as well. However, according to the government's view, public funding for this type of processing was shortened, "because waste materials represent a lower cost". The impact of such governance was analyzed as well.
- MeSH
- biopaliva * MeSH
- elektrárny MeSH
- financování vládou MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mravy MeSH
- náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
- technologie * ekonomika etika MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
- zachování zdrojů energie * MeSH
- zásobování potravinami * ekonomika etika MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny MeSH
- zemědělství * ekonomika etika MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The occurrence of chemical and biological contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) was investigated in treated wastewater intended for reuse in agriculture. An agarose hydrogel diffusion-based passive sampler was exposed to the outlet of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Cyprus, which is equipped with membrane bioreactor (MBR). Passive samplers in triplicate were exposed according to a time-series exposure plan with maximum exposure duration of 28 days. Composite flow-proportional wastewater samples were collected in parallel with the passive sampling exposure plan and were processed by solid phase extraction using HORIZON SPE-DEX 4790 and the same sorbent material (Oasis HLB) as in the passive sampler. The analysis of passive samplers and wastewater samples enabled (i) the field-scale calibration of the passive sampler prototype by the calculation of in situ sampling rates of target substances, and (ii) the investigation of in silico predicted transformation products of the four most ecotoxicologically hazardous antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ofloxacin). Additionally, the wastewater samples were subjected to the analysis of seven preselected antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and one mobile resistant element (int1). All extracts were analyzed for chemicals in a single batch using a highly sensitive method for pharmaceuticals, antibiotics and illicit drugs by liquid chromatography tandem MS/MS (LC-QQQ) and for various other target compounds (2316 compounds in total) by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). 279 CECs and all investigated ARGs (except for blaCTX-M-32) were detected, highlighting potential chemical and biological hazards related to wastewater reuse practices. 16 CECs were prioritized following ecotoxicological risk assessment, whereas sul1 and the mobile resistant element (int1) showed the highest abundance. Comprehensive monitoring efforts using novel sampling methods such as passive sampling, wide-scope target screening and molecular analysis are required to assure safe application of wastewater reuse and avoid spread and crop uptake of potentially hazardous chemicals.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) serves as a promising alternative for waste treatment and a potential solution to improve the energy supply security. The feasibility of AD has been proven in some of the technologically and agriculturally advanced countries. However, development is still needed for worldwide implementation, especially for AD process dealing with municipal solid waste (MSW). This paper reviews various approaches and stages in the AD of MSW, which used to optimise the biogas production and quality. The assessed stages include pre-treatment, digestion process, post-treatment as well as the waste collection and transportation. The latest approaches and integrated system to improve the AD process are also presented. The stages were assessed in a relatively quantitative manner. The range of energy requirement, carbon emission footprint and the percentage of enhancement are summarised. Thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment is identified to be less suitable for MSW (-5% to +15.4% enhancement), unless conducted in the two-phase AD system. Microwave pre-treatment shows consistent performance in elevating the biogas production of MSW, but the energy consumption (114.24-8,040 kWeh t-1) and carbon emission footprint (59.93-4,217.78 kg CO2 t-1 waste) are relatively high. Chemical (∼0.43 kWeh m-3) and membrane-based (∼0.45 kWeh m-3) post-treatments are suggested to be a lower energy consumption approach for upgrading the biogas. The feasibility in terms of cost (scale up) and other environmental impacts (non-CO2 footprint) needs to be further assessed. This study provides an overview to facilitate further development and extended implementation of AD.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- odpadky - odstraňování * MeSH
- tuhý odpad * MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- uhlíková stopa * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The demand for phosphorus (P) sources is increasing with the growing world population, while objections to direct agricultural use of waste P sources, such as sewage sludge, are being raised. Therefore, the need arises to employ safe and efficient secondary P fertilizer sources, originating from P-rich wastes. These recycling sources are commonly tested in accordance with the current fertilizer rules, designed originally for conventional apatite-based P fertilizers. The behavior of sewage sludge ash, an inorganic recycling secondary P source, was investigated under soil-like conditions. Standardized soil P tests, including the soil buffering capacity test and the Olsen, the Mehlich3, and water extraction methods, were employed together with standardized fertilizer P-solubility tests by neutral ammonium citrate and 2% citric acid extraction. In addition, total content and the overall soil mobility of selected metallic elements present in sewage sludge ash were investigated. The suitability of standardized soil tests for the evaluation of recycling P sources was shown. An apparent influence of Ca:Al content ratio on sewage sludge ash behavior under different soil-like conditions shows the inadequacy of the current fertilizer test and the necessity to understand soil-like behavior of secondary P sources, when considering these as possible agricultural P bearers (fertilizers).
- MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- odpadní vody MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
