• MeSH
• Antipsychotic Agents * administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aripiprazole administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Administration, Intravenous MeSH
• Congresses as Topic MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Drug Monitoring MeSH
• Schizophrenia * drug therapy   MeSH
• Patient Satisfaction * MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• Publication type
• Overall MeSH

Brexpiprazol je nové atypické antipsychotikum, působící jako modulátor serotoninu a dopaminu. V jeho mechanismu účinku se uplatňuje parciální agonismus na serotoninových receptorech 5-HT1A, antagonismus na serotoninových receptorech 5-HT2A, parciální agonismus na dopaminových D2 receptorech a antagonismus na noradrenergních receptorech typu α1B a typu α2C. Podle zmíněného účinku na dopaminové D2 receptory se řadí do skupiny parciálních dopaminových agonistů (DRPA). Do klinické praxe léčby schizofrenie byl uveden nedávno. Jeho profil je spojen s dostatečnou antipsychotickou účinností a velmi dobrou snášenlivostí. Nízký výskyt nežádoucích účinků je spojen s dobrou spoluprací v léčbě, s nižším rizikem vzniku relapsu onemocnění a s dobrým fungováním nemocných v běžném životě. Článek prezentuje soubor deseti kazuistik z klinické praxe, kdy byl brexpiprazol spojen s lepším léčebným výsledkem než aripiprazol. Ze sdělení vyplývá, že jednotlivá antipsychotika ze skupiny DRPA nejsou stejná a dokládá nezaměnitelnost brexpiprazolu v některých klinických situacích.

Brexpiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic acting as serotonin and dopamine modulator. Its mechanism of action is based on partial agonism on serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, antagonism at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, partial agonism at dopamine D2 receptors and antagonism at two noradrenergic receptors, type α1B and type α2C. Due to its effect on dopamine D2 receptors brexpiprazole belongs to dopamine receptor partial agonists (DRPA). It has been introduced to clinical practice in treatment recently. Its profile is characterized by good antipsychotic efficacy and outstanding tolerability. Low incidence of side-effects is associated with treatment compliance, minimalization of relapse risk and a good functioning in life. This article presents a set of ten case reports from clinical practice, in which brexpiprazole in comparison with aripiprazole was linked to better treatment results. This presentation shows that antipsychotics from a DRPA group are not identical and brings the evidence that brexpiprazole is unique in some clinical situations.

• Keywords
• brexpiprazol, aripiprazol,
• MeSH
• Dopamine Agonists * administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antipsychotic Agents MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Drug Therapy, Combination MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
• Schizophrenia, Paranoid drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Akathisia, Drug-Induced MeSH
• Psychotic Disorders drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Thiophenes * administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

Dopamine type 2 receptors (D2Rs) constitute the main molecular target in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. However, the second and third generation of antipsychotics comprises multi-target ligands, also binding serotonin type 3 receptors (5-HT3Rs) and other receptor classes as well. Here, we examined two experimental compounds (marked compound K1697 and K1700) from the group of 1,4-di-substituted aromatic piperazines, previously described in the study of Juza et al., 2021, and compared them with the chosen reference antipsychotic, aripiprazole. Their efficacy against schizophrenia-like behavior was tested in two different models of psychosis in the rat, induced by acute administration of either amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) or dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg), reflecting the dopaminergic and glutamatergic hypotheses of schizophrenia. The two models exhibited broadly similar behavioral manifestations: hyperlocomotion, disrupted social behavior and impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle response. However, they differed in their treatment responses as hyperlocomotion and prepulse inhibition deficit in the dizocilpine model were resistant to antipsychotic treatment, unlike the amphetamine model. One of the experimental compounds, K1700, ameliorated all the observed schizophrenia-like behaviors in the amphetamine model with an efficacy comparable to or greater than aripiprazole. Whereas social impairments caused by dizocilpine were strongly suppressed by aripiprazole, K1700 was less efficient. Taken together, K1700 showed antipsychotic properties comparable to those of aripiprazole, although the efficacy of the two drugs differed in specific domains of behavior and was also model-dependent. Our present results highlight the differences in these two schizophrenia models and their responsiveness to pharmacotherapy, and confirm compound K1700 as a promising drug candidate.

• MeSH
• Amphetamine MeSH
• Antipsychotic Agents * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aripiprazole MeSH
• Quinolones * MeSH
• Dizocilpine Maleate MeSH
• Dopamine metabolism   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Psychotic Disorders * drug therapy   MeSH
• Receptors, Serotonin MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Přehledový článek přibližuje v úvodu historický vývoj pojmů psychóza a schizofrenie v dětské psychiatrii, dále přehledně popisuje diagnostiku a léčbu schizofrenie. Schizofrenie v dětství a adolescenci je o něco vzácnější než u dospělé populace - podle nejnovějších dat až 40 % pacientů se schizofrenií onemocní před dosažením osmnácti let. Jsou popsány různé manifestace schizofrenní psychopatologie v závislosti na věku a dosaženém vývojovém stadiu. V léčbě pediatrické schizofrenie se používají atypická antipsychotika (AAP). Účinnost většiny AAP je srovnatelná, přičemž klozapin v porovnání s jinými AAP vykázal superiorní účinnost (specificky u farmako-rezistentní schizofrenie), ziprasidon účinnost inferiorní a výsledky asenapinu jsou hodnoceny jako sporné. Z nežádoucích účinků se jako nejzávažnější ukazují přírůstek na váze a související metabolické nežádoucí účinky. Nejvyšší přírůstek na váze se vyskytuje u olanzapinu, zatímco benigní změny hmotnosti jsou při užití aripiprazolu, lurasidonu a ziprasidonu.

In an overview article, introductory remarks on historical development of the terms psychosis and schizophrenia in paedopsychia-try were given, followed by the description of diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence is relatively more rare than it is in adult population - according to the newest data, up to 40% of individuals with schizophrenia become ill prior to 18 years of age. Various expressions of schizophrenic psychopathology that depend on age as well as on reached developmental stage of the patient were described. Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have been successfully used in early-onset schizophrenia. The efficacy of the majority of AAPs is mutually comparable; however, clozapine demonstrated superior efficacy in treatment-resistant patients with adolescent schizophrenia, whereas ziprasidone failed to demonstrate efficacy, and the efficacy of asenapine was unclear. Regarding side effects, weight gain and associated metabolic side effects seem to be the most serious ones. Olanzapine appears to cause the most significant weight gain in patients with adolescent schizophrenia, while aripiprazole, lurasidone and ziprasidone seem to cause the least.

• MeSH
• Antipsychotic Agents pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Weight Gain drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
• Schizophrenia * drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder belonging to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In ASDs, the individuals show substantial impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviours, and sensory behaviours deficits in the early stages of their life. Globally, the prevalence of autism is estimated to be less than 1%, especially in high- -income countries. In recent decades, there has been a drastic increase in the incidence of ASD, which has put ASD into the category of epidemics. Presently, two US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, aripiprazole and risperidone, are used to treat symptoms of agitation and irritability in autistic children. However, to date, no medication has been found to treat the core symptoms of ASD. The adverse side effects of conventional medicine and limited treatment options have led families of autistic children to turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments, which are perceived as relatively safe compared to conventional medicine. Recently N, N-dimethylglycine (DMG), a dietary supplement, has emerged as a useful supplement to improve the mental and physical state of children with ASD. The current review discusses ASD, the prevalence of ASD, the CAM approach, and the efficacy of CAM treatment in children with ASD. Moreover, it highlights the chemistry, pharmacological effect, and clinical studies of DMG, highlighting its potential for improving the lifestyle of children with ASD.

• MeSH
• Autistic Disorder * MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Autism Spectrum Disorder * drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Sarcosine analogs & derivatives   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Nutrients MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Autoři prezentují svoje zkušenosti s emočně nestabilními adolescentními pacienty, s projevy sebepoškozování a suicidálního chování, případně dalšími psychopatologickými symptomy. Diskutují otázky osobnostního vývoje v adolescenci, rizikové okolnosti, které projevy emoční nestability zhoršují, a zabývají se možnostmi terapeutického ovlivnění.

The authors present their experiences with emotionally instable adolescent patients, with signs harm and suicidal behavior, possibly with other psychopatological symptoms. They discuss the issues of development in adolescence, risk circumstances that intensify the manifestations of emotional instability and discuss the possibilities of therapeutic influence.

• MeSH
• Aripiprazole therapeutic use   MeSH
• Fluoxetine therapeutic use   MeSH
• Borderline Personality Disorder * diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Family Conflict psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Suicide, Attempted * MeSH
• Quetiapine Fumarate therapeutic use   MeSH
• Self Mutilation therapy   MeSH
• Sertraline therapeutic use   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

Aripiprazol patří do skupiny parciálních agonistů D2 receptorů. U dospělých je indikován k léčbě schizofrenie (SCH), k léčbě středně těžkých až těžkých manických epizod a k prevenci manické epizody u bipolární poruchy (BP). Přehled dvou kazuistik dokládá využití aripiprazolu v léčbě manické a smíšené epizody.

Aripiprazole belongs to the group of partial D2 receptor agonists. In adults, it is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia (SCH), for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes, and for the prevention of manic episodes in bipolar disorder (BP). A review of two case reports illustrates the use of aripiprazole in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes.

• Keywords
• ABILIFY (aripiprazol), Aryzalera (aripiprazol),
• MeSH
• Affective Disorders, Psychotic diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Aripiprazole administration & dosage   pharmacology   MeSH
• Bipolar and Related Disorders diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Bipolar Disorder * diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mania drug therapy   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH