PURPOSE: This study investigated EEG alpha rhythm spectral power in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and compared it to typically developing children to better understand the electrophysiological characteristics of this disorder. Specifically, we explored resting-state EEG, because there are studies that point to it being linked to speech and language development. METHODS: EEG recordings of 30 children diagnosed with specific language impairment and 30 typically developing children, aged 4.0-6.11 years, were carried out under eyes closed and eyes open conditions. Differences in alpha rhythm spectral power in relation to brain topography and experimental conditions were calculated. RESULTS: In the eyes closed condition, alpha rhythm spectral power was statistically significantly lower in children with specific language impairment in the left temporal (T5) and occipital electrodes (O1, O2) than in typically developing children. In the eyes open condition, children with SLI showed significantly lower alpha rhythm spectral power in the left temporal (T3, T5), parietal (P3, Pz), and occipital electrodes (O1, O2). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in relation to the relative change (the difference between average alpha rhythm spectral power during eyes closed condition and average alpha rhythm spectral power during eyes open condition divided by average alpha rhythm spectral power during eyes closed condition) in the alpha rhythm spectral power between the conditions. CONCLUSION: Lower alpha rhythm spectral power in the left temporal, left, midline parietal, and occipital brain regions could be a valuable electrophysiological marker in children with SLI. Further investigation is needed to examine the connection between EEG alpha spectral power and general processing and memory deficits in patients with SLI.
Tento příspěvek se zabývá problematikou jazykové bariéry v prostředí zdravotnických záchranných služeb a možnostmi jejího překonání. U pracovníků zdravotnických záchranných služeb je komunikace mezi dvěma zdravotníky nesmírně důležitá. Projekt „Koncept koordinace a realizace přeshraniční spolupráce zdravotnických záchranných služeb“ (dále Projekt č. 30) se zabývá problematikou přeshraniční spolupráce zdravotnických záchranných služeb České republiky a Spolkové republiky Německo. Na projektu jsme spolupracovali v oblasti komunikace. Dle našich poznatků dosud neexistuje vhodná pomůcka pro překonání jazykové bariéry při komunikaci zdravotníků v česko-německém pohraničí. Tento problém jsme se rozhodli řešit vytvořením komunikační pomůcky. Pro maximální využitelnost v přednemocniční neodkladné péči jsme se rozhodli pomůcku vytvořit pomocí kombinace piktogramů a překladů.
This article deals with the language barrier issue related to ambulance service and possibilities how to overcome it. However, communication between two medical professionals is crucial. The project: „The concept of coordination and realization of crossborder cooperation among emergency medical service workers“ (further referred to as Project no. 30) deals with cross-border cooperation issues between emergency medical services of the Czech Republic and Germany. We have established cooperation with this project in the field of communication. According to our findings, a suitable tool, that would help to overcome the language barrier in the interaction of medical professionals at the Czech-German border doesn´t exist. Therefore, we have decided to create such a tool to help to solve this problem. We have applied a combination of pictograms and translations for maximal utilisation of this tool in the pre-hospital emergency care.
The Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) is a short screening instrument developed to assess Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), adopting a concise, clear, and consistent item-wording. According to initial studies conducted in 2014, the instrument showed promising psychometric characteristics. The present study tested the psychometric properties, including language and gender invariance, in a large international sample of online gamers. In this study, data were collected from 7,193 participants comprising Hungarian (n = 3,924), Iranian (n = 791), English-speaking (n = 754), French-speaking (n = 421), Norwegian (n = 195), Czech (n = 496), and Peruvian (n = 612) online gamers via gaming-related websites and gaming-related social-networking-site groups. A unidimensional factor structure provided a good fit to the data in all language-based samples. In addition, results indicated both language and gender invariance on the level of scalar invariance. Criterion and construct validity of the IGDT-10 was supported by its strong association with the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire and moderate association with weekly gaming time, psychopathological symptoms, and impulsivity. The proportions of each sample that met the cut-off score on the IGDT-10 varied between 1.61% and 4.48% in the individual samples, except for the Peruvian sample (13.44%). The IGDT-10 shows robust psychometric properties and appears suitable for conducting cross-cultural and gender comparisons across seven languages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- MeSH
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
- Impulsive Behavior MeSH
- Internet * MeSH
- Language MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Behavior, Addictive diagnosis MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Psychometrics MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
- Video Games * MeSH
- Research Design MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Validation Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Australia MeSH
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Iran MeSH
- Italy MeSH
- Canada MeSH
- Republic of Korea MeSH
- Hungary MeSH
- Norway MeSH
- Peru MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
- Slovenia MeSH
- United Kingdom MeSH
- United States MeSH
Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are prevalent movement disorders that mainly affect elderly people, presenting diagnostic challenges due to shared clinical features. While both disorders exhibit distinct speech patterns-hypokinetic dysarthria in PD and hyperkinetic dysarthria in ET-the efficacy of speech assessment for differentiation remains unexplored. Developing technology for automatic discrimination could enable early diagnosis and continuous monitoring. However, the lack of data for investigating speech behavior in these patients has inhibited the development of a framework for diagnostic support. In addition, phonetic variability across languages poses practical challenges in establishing a universal speech assessment system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models robust to the phonetic variability present in different languages worldwide. We propose a method based on Gaussian mixture models to assess domain adaptation from models trained in German and Spanish to classify PD and ET patients in Czech. We modeled three different speech dimensions: articulation, phonation, and prosody and evaluated the models' performance in both bi-class and tri-class classification scenarios (with the addition of healthy controls). Our results show that a fusion of the three speech dimensions achieved optimal results in binary classification, with accuracies up to 81.4 and 86.2% for monologue and /pa-ta-ka/ tasks, respectively. In tri-class scenarios, incorporating healthy speech signals resulted in accuracies of 63.3 and 71.6% for monologue and /pa-ta-ka/ tasks, respectively. Our findings suggest that automated speech analysis, combined with machine learning is robust, accurate, and can be adapted to different languages to distinguish between PD and ET patients.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Background: There is a marked use of technology by children in our societies, particularly during the last 2decades, which may be associated with limitation of their milestones developments including speech.Objectives: To determine the association between screen exposure and speech development delay among toddlers and preschoolers, to clarify the correlation linking the visioning of the screen and the input - data - of the child and his(her) mother, and to identify the impact of screen withdrawal on the possible enhancement of speech.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled children (n=237) who had a history of delay in speech or complete loss of the ability to speak as a chief complaint. The age ranged from 12-60 months categorized into two groups: toddlers and preschoolers. All cases had programmed medical visits to the private clinics of psychiatry in Nineveh Province, Iraq. Data were obtained from interview questionnaire reports including; digital device type, first exposure age, spent time, and child-maternal parameters. Follow-up for 6months was done beyond the departure of those media.Results: This study involved 47 (19.8%) toddlers, and 190 (80.2%) preschoolers with an inclination toward males. Children with speech postponement were spotted in around 225 (94.9%), while the others had complete loss of the ability to speak. In both sets, a considerable association between speech delay and screen viewing was shown, impressively those who commenced screen exposure at less than twenty-four months of age and consumed ≥4hr per day for screens visioning. Six -months after quitting these devices, there is speech improvement was recognized in 36.7% of cases.Conclusions: Positive associations were noticed between the first exposure age and high frequency of screen spent time and speech delays in children, especially toddlers. This work recommends an instantaneous parent's and researchers' consciousness, besides that from health consultants, on the acceptable usage of screen's visioning time in consonance with children to support healthy development in digital life.
- MeSH
- Screen Time * MeSH
- Correlation of Data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Language Development Disorders * epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Iraq MeSH
Introduction: Cultural challenges in clinical practice can directly affect the quality and effectiveness of care for patients from different cultures. Aim: To find out and compare Czech and Slovak nurses' cultural challenges in their clinical practice. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study used a non-standard questionnaire to explore cultural challenges in nurses' clinical practice in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This study followed the guidelines provided by the STROBE checklist. The statistical analysis was conducted using SASD 1.5.8 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0. Results: The study sample comprised 202 nurses from the Czech Republic and 222 nurses from Slovakia. The findings suggest that the most significant cultural challenge identified by nurses in both countries is the language barrier, which is compounded by staff shortages. It was found that nurses who are proficient in multiple languages demonstrated increased sensitivity to cultural challenges, which may indicate a correlation between multilingual ability and the perception of cultural barriers. The results suggest that factors such as gender, role within the healthcare setting, years of experience, and educational level may have an impact on the perception of cultural challenges. Conclusion: As a result, it may be important to develop targeted interventions to improve cultural competence. Interventions such as education about cultures, training, and policy adjustments could be considered to create a more equitable and effective care environment for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. This approach may lead to improved healthcare outcomes and increased patient satisfaction.
- MeSH
- Communication Barriers MeSH
- Education, Nursing, Continuing MeSH
- Culturally Competent Care * MeSH
- Cultural Diversity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nursing Care MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Nurses MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Speech-Language Pathology methods MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
- Neuropsychiatry * methods MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Child Care methods standards utilization MeSH
- Motor Skills Disorders * MeSH
- Parents psychology education MeSH
- Facial Expression MeSH
- Language Development * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
We collected norms on the gender stereotypicality of an extensive list of role nouns in Czech, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, and Slovak, to be used as a basis for the selection of stimulus materials in future studies. We present a Web-based tool (available at https://www.unifr.ch/lcg/ ) that we developed to collect these norms and that we expect to be useful for other researchers, as well. In essence, we provide (a) gender stereotypicality norms across a number of languages and (b) a tool to facilitate cross-language as well as cross-cultural comparisons when researchers are interested in the investigation of the impact of stereotypicality on the processing of role nouns.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Gender Identity * MeSH
- Internet MeSH
- Language * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- England MeSH
- Czech Republic MeSH
- France MeSH
- Italy MeSH
- Germany MeSH
- Norway MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
Dysfagie je závažná diagnóza, která vyžaduje multidisciplinární přístup. Nedílnou součástí a koordinátorem multidisciplinárního týmu je klinický logoped a významné místo v něm zaujímá i nutriční terapeut.
